Detail about production technology of pineapple

1. Production technology of
fruit and plantation crops
422 (2+1)
Hort
Topic : Pineapple
Presented by ID starting from
22BSCAGH 132 - 22BSCAGH160 (Group-1)
Presented to: Dr.Abdul Samad Sir
Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and
Sciences

2. Pineapple
Botanical name:
Ananas comosus
Family:
Bromeliaceae
Chromosome no:
25
Origin:
Subtropical America , Carribean
islands

3. Introduction
• The word "pineapple" came from European explorers,
who thought the fruit looked similar to a pine cone.
• The fruit has become a characteristic ingredient in the
meat, vegetable, fish, and rice dishes of what is loosely
termed Pan-Asian cuisine. The fruit is eaten fresh where
available and in canned form worldwide.
• Its edible fruit has a unique texture and flavour, which
has given it a wide range of uses, including in food,
drinks, desserts, and home medicines, as well as in the
production of cosmetics and perfumes.

4. Climatic requirements
Pineapple requires a warm,
humid climate with ample
sunshine. It is an evergreen
plant, so it can survive
throughout the year regardless
of any weather changes such as
rainfall, wind, and cold weather.
It will thrive in average
temperatures above 22 °C/71°F,
and is particularly well suited for
tropical or subtropical climates.
It prefers a soil that is rich in
organic matter with a pH level
between 5.5 and 6.0.

5. Varieties
The Golden Queen - An early season,
extra-sweet pineapple
The Sugar Rush - A sweet pineapple with
yellow flesh
The Koloa - A sweet and juicy pineapple
with reddish-orange flesh
The Pine-Apple - A sweet and fleshy
pineapple with white flesh
The Smoothie - A medium sized pineapple
with a smooth texture, yellow flesh, and
low acidity.
• The Maui Pineapple - An extra-
sweet and sweet pineapple with a
juicy, aromatic flavor
• The Hawaiian Pink - A sweet
pineapple with a hint of raspberry
flavor and pink flesh
• The Abacaxi - A delicious, sweet,
and tart pineapple that is high in
vitamin C
• The Sugarloaf - A sweet pineapple
with a small size and an attractive
shape
• The MD-2 - A golden, extra-sweet,
and well-fleshed pineapple with
minimal acidity

6. Planting
material
Pineapple can be propagated by
sucker , slip and crown

7. Economic importance
• Pineapple is a widely produced crop that is of great
economic importance. It is sold as fresh fruit, canned,
frozen, dried and in many other forms.
• Pineapple consumption has increased significantly in
recent years, with more people recognizing its delicious
flavor and numerous health benefits.
• It is a major export crop in many countries and is a
valuable source of revenue for farmers.
• Additionally, the extraction of the pineapple core can be
used to produce various products, such as bio-fuel, dietary
supplements, livestock feeds, and industrial enzymes.

8. Production technology
• Plant density:
• The planting density for pineapple can
vary depending on the variety,
climate, and soil quality. Generally
speaking, it is recommended that
pineapple plants are spaced at least 3-
6 feet (91-182cm) apart in rows and
that each plant should have at least 8-
10 feet (243-304cm) around it.
• This allows the plants to receive
adequate sunlight and water, avoid
disease and weed competition, and
have room to grow and produce.
• The exact spacing can be determined
as per the individual needs and
requirements.
• Planting method:
• There are generally two main methods used
for planting pineapple. This includes the
direct planting method and the crown
layering method.
• For direct planting, the pineapple plants are
grown from seed or from an existing
seedling. This involves growing the plants
directly from the soil. Usually, this method is
used in regions where soil conditions are
favorable and where there are no major
pests and diseases.
• The crown layering method involves taking a
healthy clump of plants from an existing
pineapple plantation and growing them as a
new planting. This is usually a more efficient
method because it requires less soil
cultivation and provides quicker and more
uniform results.

9. Irrigation :
Irrigation is important to
provide water for
pineapple so it grows
healthy.
Frequency is based on
temp, humidity and soil
moisture. Use overhead,
drips or flood methods.
8 to 12 light irrigation is
sufficient during winter
and summer
•Manures and
fertlizers
• Nitrogen is the most important nutrient
provided by fertilizers and manure for
pineapple. It is a key component of proteins and
chlorophyll, and is essential for photosynthesis
and growth. Phosphorus provides crucial
components for cellular metabolism, protein
synthesis, and energy transfer. Potash
(potassium) has roles in pH regulation and
water balance, which are both important for
overall plant health. Calcium is involved in the
formation of strong cell walls, which is
important for plant structure and growth.
• 10:5:10 ratio of NPK is sufficient.
• 500 kg of FYM can also be added.

10. Intercropping
• Intercropping pineapple has many potential benefits.
Pineapple is a nutrient-intensive plant, which means it
needs rich soil with adequate nutrients and water to grow
properly. Therefore, intercropping it with other plants
allows for a more efficient use of space and resources, as
the plants can share nutrients and water. Additionally,
intercrouming two or more plants can provide a variety of
ecological benefits such as improved soil quality, increased
soil health, and protection from pests and diseases.
• While there are many other crops that can be
intercropped with pineapple, the most common ones
include sugarcane, soy, and wheat.

11. Plant protection
• Mealy bug and heart rot are the important diseases
and pests that must be taken care of.

12. Harvesting
• Pineapple plants flower 12-15 months after
planting and the fruits become ready 15-18 months
after planting depending upon the variety, time of
planting, type and size of plant material used and
prevailing temperature during the fruit
development. Under natural conditions, pineapple
comes to harvest during May-August.

13. Health benefits
• Highly nutritious
• Calories: 82.5 kcal
• Fat: 0.198 grams (g)
• Protein: 0.891 g
• Carbs: 21.6 g
• Fiber: 2.31 g
• Vitamin C: 78.9 milligrams (mg), 88% of the Daily Value (DV)
• Manganese: 1.53 mg or 109% of the DV (for women) and 2.3mg or 66% of the DV (for men)
• Vitamin B6: 0.185 mg, 11% of the DV
• Copper: 0.181 mg, 20% of the DV
• Thiamine: 0.13 mg, 11% of the DV
• Folate: 29.7 micrograms (mcg), 7% of the DV
• Potassium: 180 mg, 4% of the DV
• Magnesium: 19.8 mg, 5% of the DV
• Niacin: 0.825 mg, 5% of the DV
• Pantothenic acid: 0.351 mg, 7% of the DV
• Riboflavin: 0.053 mg, 4% of the DV
• Iron: 0.478 mg, 3% of the DV

14. • Contains antioxidants
• Pineapples are not only rich in nutrients, but they also
contain antioxidants — molecules that help your body ward
off oxidative stress.
• Oxidative stress is caused by an abundance of free radicals,
unstable molecules that cause cell damage often linked to
chronic inflammation, weakened immune health, heart
disease, diabetes, and some cancers.
• Pineapples are especially rich in antioxidants called
flavonoids and phenolic compounds. One study of
ratsTrusted Source showed that pineapple’s antioxidants may
have heart-protective effects, though human research is
lacking.
• Moreover, many of the antioxidants in pineapple are
considered bound antioxidants, producing longer-lasting
effects.

15. Marketing
• Pineapple is a highly marketable crop, due to its
popularity and wide range of uses. Here are some
potential marketing channels for pineapple:
• 1. Retail: Pineapple can be sold directly to
consumers in grocery stores and supermarkets.
• 2. Foodservice: Pineapple is widely used as an
ingredient in restaurants and other food service
outlets. It can be used for desserts, drinks, fillings,
and other specialty products.
• 3. Processed products: Pineapple is a key ingredient
in many processed foods, including juice, dried
fruit, and canned goods.

16. Processing
• Pineapple processing involves a range of techniques and products to add value
and expand its shelf-life.
• Pineapple processing can be classified into two categories: fresh cut and
canned/preserved.
• Fresh cut pineapple: In this process, whole pineapples or portions/cubes of the
fruit are processed and packaged. This processed pineapple is then sold in
various packages, such as bags, boxes, and trays.
• Canned/preserved pineapple: Processed and canned pineapple is commonly
sold as slices or chunks, in syrups, purees, and juices.

17. Yield
• Yield is a critical metric in any industry, including
agricultural production. In pineapple, yield is
typically determined by the total weight of ripe and
marketable fruits. The yield of pineapple will
depend on many factors, such as location or
climate, soil fertility, irrigation management, and
cultural practices.
• Pineapple can be grown in both open-field and
protected environments. Open-field cultivation of
pineapple typically produces a range of 30-60 tons
per hectare, while protected cultures like
greenhouses can reach yields of up to 200 tons per

18. Conclusion
• In summary, pineapple is a highly significant cash crop with great
economic significance. It is a tropical and subtropical fruit grown in
warm and humid climates that is known for its delicious taste and
numerous health benefits. The pineapple industry generates substantial
economic revenue through agricultural jobs and agricultural exports.
The production and processing of pineapple, including agri-tech
applications such as advanced crop production and processing methods,
is important for sustainable agriculture and the growth of national
economies.

19. Thank you ~