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1. LESSON PLAN IN ENG 118 Literary Criticism
I.LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the discussion, the students are expected to do the following with at least 75%
proficiency level:
1. Define Surrealism and Naturalism
2. Identify the themes and style of the surrealists movement:and
3. Understand the style,themes, representative works, historical context of the naturalist
literary movement
II.LEARNING CONTENT
Topic References Materials
Later/Modern Period of
Literature
A.Surealism
B.Naturalism
Z-library project-ebooks
library. download books
free.(n.d.).https://z-lib.io/
Visual aids
Chalk
Chalkboard
Images
Strips of paper
III.LEARNING ACTIVITIES
A.Preliminary Activities
Teacher’s Activity Students Activity
a. Prayer
“Good evening,class!”
“Prayer leader please come forward and let us
pray.”
“Good evening, Ma’am!”
(The student will come forward and lead the
prayer.)
b. Cleanliness, Orderliness, and
Beautification (COB)
“Before you take your seats,please pick up the
pieces of paper and align your chairs
property.”
c. Checking of Attendance

2. “You may now take your seats. Do we
Have absentees today?”
(The monitor will report who is absent)
d. Recapitulation
“Before we proceed to our lesson for today,
can someone tell about the topic we’ve
discussed last meeting?”
“Very good!
Last meeting,we discussed about
expressionism and symbolism .Today,we will
going to tackle another topic but before that
let us first have an activity .Are you ready?
“Last meeting, we discussed about
expressionism and symbolism. ”
“Yes,ma’am “
B.Motivation
LOCATE ME!
INSTRUCTION:In a word puzzle,the students
will find words as many as they can.The
following are the words that can be seen in the
puzzle:
● Love
● Imagery
● Dadaism
● War
● Nature
● Communism
● Juxtaposition
● Surrealism
● Naturalism
Analysis
“How do you find the activity?”
“What do you think is the relation of that
words in our topic for today”
“Its easy,ma’am.We locate the words without
having difficulty.”
“I think out topic is surrealism and naturalism
and those words left are the words that we will
tackle under this movement.”

3. “Very good!that’s right.Thank you so much
for your active participation.
So today,we will be dealing about two literary
movements which are surrealism and
naturalism.But first,let us tackle about
surrealism.Are you ready now to listen?
C.Lesson Proper
Anybody who has an idea about surrealism?
Since none,let us first define what is
surrealism.
SURREALISM
● Was a reaction to Dadaism,which was
itself a reaction to the so called logic
that Dadaists believe caused the war.
“What do you mean by Dadaism?
“Very good!”
“In addition,Dadaism was born out of
chaos:it responds to the horrors of
world war 1,it’s canage and brutality”
● Is an artistic movement aimed to
explore the realms of the conscious
mind tapping into dreams and the
irrational
● French poet Andr’e Breton published
the “Manifesto of Surrealism”
“Yes ma’am”
“We don’t have any idea ma’am”
“An art movement that rebelled against
everything connected with the society and art
world of it’s time:it was anti-ligic,anti-
aesthetic,and anti-idealistic

4. This has made surrealism an international
intellectual and political movement.
Surrealism also inspired related movement in
painting sculpture,drama,and film and had a
lasting influence on the creative art as a whole.
To understand deeply let us talk about the
historical context.
Historical Context
1.World War I
● Began in August 1914
● Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his
wife assassinated in Sarajevo,capital
city of Bosnia and Herzegovina (June
28,1914)
● Austria-Hungary vs Serbia (July 28,
1914)
● For years,the battle in treches was a
virtual stalemate.
2 Dadaism and Sigmund Freud
● After the World War 1,the Dadaists try
to expose the perverse thinking.They
believe that logic and other organized
systems of thinking had created the
horrors of war and responded to the
wars meaningless slaughter with
literature and art that was equally
meaningless and created intentionally
without logic.
● Drawing on Freud’s studies,Breton
and others formed the surrealist
movement.
3.Communism and World War II
● In 1930,Breton announced the
surrealists decision to join the French
Communist Party.

5. ● With the outbreak of World War II in
1939,other dictator envaded much of
Europe and France.
Because of that,the surrealist broke up and
many of the fled to other European countries
or overseas.
For the styles of surrealism,we have three;the
automatic writing,imagery and juxtaposition.
1.Automatic Writing
• Used by the surrealists to try to
obtain the most pure
information,free from the
bindings of rational thoughts.
2.Imagery
• Poets use language in their
work to create different kinds
of images in a literal or
figurative manner.
3.Juxtaposition
• Poets placed unrelated,often
contradictory words next to
each other in an attempt to
achieve an image that
reconciled dreams with reality.
Activity:
The class will be divided into three
groups.Each group will be given a line from
poems and they will going to identify whether
it is love,the human body or Nature and then
explain why they come up with that
answer.The group who will get the right
answer will have 3 points for their recitation
and 1 point for those who got the wrong
answer.

6. 1.”Strange,sickness, curious customs,bell-
tolling love,where have you led me?In this
stones I find no trace of what I seek.”
2.”through her “thoughts of heatsparks” and
“eyebrows like the edge of swallows nest,” to
her “champagne shoulders “ and “fingers of
cut hay,”
3.”You sing hight hymns on the strings of the
rainbow”
For the styles of surrealism,we have three;the
automatic writing,imagery and juxtaposition.
1.Automatic Writing
● Used by the surrealists to try to obtain
the most pure information,free from
the bindings of rational thoughts.
2.Imagery
● Poets use language in their work to
create different kinds of images in a
literal or figurative manner.
3.Juxtaposition
● Poets placed unrelated,often
contradictory words next to each other
in an attempt to achieve an image that
reconciled dreams with reality.
Thank you so much for your active
participation.Now let us proceed to criticism.
1.Ryan D.Poquette
● Has a bachelor’s degree in English and
specializes in writing about
literature.Poquette explores Paul
Edwardsuse of imagery in his poem
“Fit in the World” as an illustration of
Surrealism’s primary goal.
(The students will participate in the activity)
Answers:
1.Love
2.The human body
3.Nature

7. 2.Leonid Livak
● Livak criticizes and discuss the
pervasive motif of suicide among
discourse of Surrealists and Dadaists in
Post-World war I France.
Continuation of the report..
Good day class!”
“How’s your day do you all feel good?”
“That’s good to know that you are all good.”
“Now class we Good will be having an
exciting learning as we delves into our topic, it
is just the continuation of the topic discussed a
while ago.”
“What is our topic again?”
“That’s right!”
“But before that I want you all to stand and
play the HEP-HEP HORRAY GAME.
“So now class, this is just the continuity of the
topic but in here we will focus on the
representative works under surrealism
movement and to be followed by the
discussion of the next movement which is
Naturalism ?”
What is Surrealism again?
“Any additional?”
Good day, Ma’am!”
“Yes.”
“Literary movement which is Surrealism “
“Surrealism was a movement in visual art and
literature that flourished in Europe between
World Wars I and II. “
“This movement represented a reaction
against what its members saw as the
destruction wrought by the “rationalism” that
had guided European culture and politics
previously and that had culminated in the
horrors of World War I.

8. “Now, we will discuss one representative
work of Surrealism Literary Movement.
(Teacher will post a picture on the board)
Representative Work – Surrealism
“The Persistence of Memory – Salvador Dali’s
)
“What can you say about the painting ? “
“ That’s absolutely correct. As we go back to
the first discussion of Ms. Panesa Surrealism,
as an artistic movement, aimed to explore the
realms of the conscious mind tapping into a
dreams and the irrational”
“When we observe the painting , we can say
that the painting captures this essence by
portraying seemingly impossible scenes that
challenge out perception of reality.”
The melting clocks make us think about how
time can feel strange and unpredictable.
“Do you understand class ? “
“Do you have any questions ? “
Naturalism
“Let’s now proceed to another literary
movement which is Naturalism. “
“This painting features melting clocks draped
over various objects in a barren landscape. “
“ Yes ma’am. “
“None”

9. “Do you have any idea of what naturalism as a
literary movement is? “
Let’s us first understand what Naturalism is by
discussing its historical context.
I. An Introduction
• Naturalism (1865-1914) was a
literary movement that focused
on the objective and detached
observation of human nature
using scientific principles.
• Naturalism also observed how
environmental, social, and
hereditary factors impacted
human nature.
• The focus of Naturalism is
human nature, stories in this
movement are character driven
rather than plot-driven.
• Naturalism applies scientific
ideas and principles, such
Darwin’s theory of evolution
and natural selection to fiction.
II. Historical Context of Naturalism
The naturalism literary movement emerged in
the late 19th century as a response to the
romanticism and transcendentalism of earlier
periods. It was heavily influenced by scientific
theories of determinism and evolution,
particularly Darwin’s theory of natural
selection.
“Answer may vary.”

10. Darwin’s theory of natural selection - argues
that the organism that is better adapted to its
environment will be more likely to survive and
produce offspring.
Do you get it class?
Let's have the characteristics of Naturalism.
III. Characteristics of Naturalism
Naturalism has a few key characteristics to
look for. These characteristics include a focus
on setting, objectivism and detachment,
pessimism, and determinism.
1.Focus on setting
✓ Naturalist writers saw the environment as
having a character of its own. They placed the
setting of many of their novels in
environments that would directly impact and
play a significant role in the lives of the
characters in the story.
2.Objectivism and Detachments
✓ Writers wrote objectively and detached.
3.Pessimism
✓ is a belief that only the worst possible
outcome can be expected.
4.Fatalism
✓is the belief that everything is predetermined
and unavoidable.
✓ Naturalistic authors, therefore, wrote
characters that have little power or agency
over their own lives and must oftentimes face
terrible challenges.
5.Determinism
“ Yes ma'am."

11. ✓is the belief that all things that happen in an
individual’s life are due to external factors.
• These external factors can be
natural, hereditary, or fate.
• External factors can also
include societal pressures such
as poverty, wealth gaps, and
poor living condition.
Do you understand?
Now lets go to the themes.
THEMES
a. Scientific Principles
✓ Naturalist writers apply scientific principles
to the fictive world they create.
Like scientists conducting experiments, they
introduce characters to certain circumstances
and then dramatize the interaction that
generates events
Thus, characters’ inherited traits and
environmental influences determine plot
outcome.
In some cases, an unexpected opportunity is
also introduced to give the character a chance
to take it or to ignore it . Given extreme
circumstances, desires, and needs, characters
make decisions they would not otherwise
make. The naturalist writer believes that the
“Yes ma'am."

12. characters’ true natures emerge in these
situations.
Fate and Forces: Characters are shaped by
things they can’t control, like where they’re
born or their family background.
Environment and Heredity : They explore
how both our genes and our environment
influence who we are and what happens to us.
Another scientific idea used in naturalist
writing is conditioned behavior
- Characters learn how to
behave when they are
exposed repeatedly to
the same environmental
influences.
b. Ordinary People in
Extraordinary
Circumstances
✓ Novels of the naturalist movement feature
common, everyday people.
• There are no members of
Royalty, titans of the business
world, or great minds.
✓ Naturalist authors place these ordinary
characters in extraordinary situations.
Survival Struggles: Stories often show people
fighting to survive against tough odds, dealing
with poverty, violence, or other challenges.

13. Social Injustice : Naturalist writers point out
unfairness in society, like how some people
have power while others suffer.
Do you have any questions ?
If none I will give the floor to the next
discussant, Ms.Marichu Moratalla.
Continuation of the report
“Good evening, class!”
“How’s your day, so far?”
“I know that you all are now bombarded with
a lot of pieces of information, but in order for
us to understand this movement well we must
dive deeper into this lens.”
“The previous discussants already talked
about two literary movements, what was it
again?”
“A while ago you’ve already discussed
surrealism and naturalism, can anyone define
what is naturalism, again?”
“Great job! Thank you, Ms./Mr. Naturalism is
a lens that enables the critics to show that the
roles of family, social conditions, and
environment play a main role in shaping
human character.”
“Now that you are all familiar with naturalism
as a literary movement, let me continue the
discussion by focusing on the naturalism
movements’ style, representative work, guide
questions, and criticism.”
" None.”
“Good evening, Ma’am!”
“Good, Ma’am” “Tiring, M’aam”
Answers may vary
“Surrealism and Naturalism.”
Students will raise their hands and will
answer: “Naturalism is a literary movement
that responds to romanticism and
transcendentalism. It is influenced by the
scientific theories of determinism and
evolution.”

14. “Naturalism has who styles, symbolism and
details. To further understand this, let us have
a short activity.
Activity
Direction: Some students will be given
passages/statements from the representative
works that is under a naturalism movement
and they will identify the style, if it is under
symbolism or details style.
Answers:
The students will paste their answers on the
chalkboard.
STYLE REPRESENTATIVE WORK
Symbolism  Norris uses McTeague’s tooth-shaped as a sign of how the character
would like to perceive himself and be perceived by others. Although
he has no license to practice dentistry, he wants the respectability such
a profession would bring him.
 The tooth is gold, representing McTeague’s drive to acquire wealth.
 Dreiser introduces the rocking chair during key moments in Carrie’s life. Her
rocking in it represents her solitude in the world. As she rocks, she
thinks about the state of her life, and the chair moves but never goes
anywhere.
 The mountain in The Red Badge of Courage shows that it is ominous
and immovable and represents the power and permanence of nature.
Details  Norris provides a great deal of information at the beginning, and the
events of the story evolve logically from this information. There are no
plot twists, shocking turns of events, or unexpected characters. Dreiser
provided the readers insight into his characters in Sister Carrie. By
describing Carrie’s clothing and furnishings, he suggests to the reader
how important appearance is to Carrie and to her first lover, Drouet.
Analysis
“Thank you everyone for your participation.
Let us check is your answers are correct.”
“Everyone, please read the first passage/
statement.”
“Norris uses McTeague’s tooth-shaped as a
sign of how the character would like to
perceive himself and be perceived by others.
Although he has no license to practice

15. “Who pasted this one here? Why do you think
it is an example of symbolism?”
“Thank you, Ms./Mr. Do you guys agree?”
“Right, very good!”
“Let’s have the next one. Please explain your
answer.”
“Very good! It is also part of the first style,
because it has symbolism. Next one, please.”
“Correct! The rocking chair there is a
symbolism of Dreiser’s sister, Carrie, during
key moments of her sister’s life. The last one,
please read and reason why you paste it under
symbolism.”
“Excellent! Thank you Ms/Mr. for that
amazing answers. Now, after checking and
understanding the passages and statements,
how do you define symbolism?”
“Great job! You are indeed listening well.
Symbolism is the use of symbols to subtly
convey a wealth of meaning in a few words or
images. Do you now understand what
symbolism pertains to?”
“Can we now move forward to check the next
statements?”
dentistry, he wants the respectability such a
profession would bring him.”
The student who pasted the statement will
stand up. “I think this statement belongs to
symbolism, because it has the phrase tooth-
shaped that give wider meaning, ma’am. It
states there that it is a sign of how the character
perceived himself and to be perceived by
others.”
“Yes!”
“My answer is symbolism, ma’am, because
there is a gold tooth there that symbolizes
wealth or the drive to acquire wealth.”
“I paste it in symbolism, Ma’am, because the
rocking chair shows Carrie’s solitude in the
world while she rocks it she thinks about the
state of her life.”
“The mountain in The Red Badge of Courage
shows that it is ominous and immovable and
represents the power and permanence of
nature. It is under symbolism, because it has
the mountain as a representation of power and
permanence of nature, Ma’am.”
Students will raise their hand.
“I think, based on the answers given by my
classmates, symbolism can be define as
providing symbol in order to represent a wider
information, Ma’am.”
“Yes, Ma’am.”
“Yes!”

16. “Alright. Let us read the first statement that is
pasted for details.”
“Who answered this one? Kindly defend your
answer.”
“Very good, Mr./Ms. That statement is indeed
under the details’ style because if you read it
carefully, it already has number of thoughts
that you can identify as details. For the next
one, please read and why is it your answer.”
“Do you all agree?”
“Correct, the passages already gave us the
answer as it stated detailed happenings in the
story right?
“At this time, we already have the knowledge
about what a detailed style looks like, but, what
really is a detail style? Can anyone define what
is a details in naturalism movement?”
“Very good, any other hand.?”
“Thank you. Indeed, details is a style that uses
detailed passages describing settings,
backgrounds, appearances, and emotions, all
of which helps the reader get a specific
perception of the characters’ lives. It gives the
“Norris provides a great deal of information at
the beginning, and the events of the story
evolve logically from this information. There
are no plot twists, shocking turns of events, or
unexpected characters. Further, the
information given at the beginning is reliable,
so the reader is a fully informed observer from
the start.”
The student will stand up
“I believe it is under details, ma’am, because
according to the statement itself one of the
characters provide a great deal of information.
So, it is just easy for me to identify the style,
because it already provided me the answer
ma’am.”
“Dreiser provided the readers insight into his
characters in Sister Carrie. By describing
Carrie’s clothing and furnishings, he suggests
to the reader how important appearance is to
Carrie and to her first lover, Drouet. This one
belongs to the details style, because it gives
pieces of information about the character,
Ma’am.”
“Yes, Ma’am!”
“Yes.”
Students will raise their hands and will answer.
“Ma’am, details is a style of naturalism
movement that delve with the detailed
information in the story.”
Students will raise their hands and will answer.
Answers may vary.

17. work a realistic feeling, a sense of being
inevitable and true.”
“Are you now familiar with the two style of
naturalism movement? Can we move forward
to our next one?”
“Knowing the styles in this movement is one
of the way to understand it, but with the use of
the representative works we can be more aware
on how will we use this lens in our future
critique paper. The representative works that
we will talk about was already mention a while
ago during our activity. We have plenty of
possible literary works but we will focus on
that three namely McTeague: A Story of San
Francisco, Sister Carrie, and The red Badge of
Courage. Let’s discuss it one-by-one. Are you
guys ready?”
1. McTeague:A Story of San
Francisco.
- 1899
- Frank Norris
- The author disputes the image of the
self-reliant American in charge of his
or her own fate.
- He takes a typically naturalist
approach and portrays people as the
products of their environments,
genetic traits, and chance occurrences.
- Norris took almost a decade to
complete this novel, and it is his most
prominent work.
Summary:
McTeague: A Story of San Francisco, the title
character is an unlicensed dentist of below
average morality and intelligence. He is an
ideal naturalistic character because he is
guided by his impulses rather than by careful
deliberation or acts of will. In the end, he
loses his practice and beats his wife to death
when she refuses to tell him where she has
hidden money she inherited.
Both characters are portrayed as victims.
“Yes, Ma’am!”
“Yes, we were born ready, Ma’am.”

18. While she is the victim of violence, he is the
victim of his own bestial nature.
- Readers and critics found the book to
be unnecessarily violent and
pessimistic. While other naturalist
books included violence (most notably
The Red Badge of Courage), they
were not as explicit. This novel is
important, however, as a key work of
the naturalist movement and as the
masterpiece of one of its dominant
figures.
2. Sister Carrie
- Theodore Dreiser
- Dreiser’s first novel, published in
1900.
After publication, controversy surrounding
the novel focused on the main character’s
lack of morals and the fact that the outcome
suggests that she is rewarded for her sinful
ways.
Still, many readers and critics find it to be a
moving and honest
Summary:
A portrayal of a young woman who leaves her
rural home to make a life for herself in the
city. After briefly working in a Chicago
factory, Carrie moves in with a well-to-do
salesman and becomes his mistress. Soon,
however, she catches the eye of a wealthier
older man who leaves his wife and career in
order to run away with Carrie. They end up in
New York, where they part ways and Carrie
successfully pursues a stage career.
As a naturalist writer, Dreiser reveals the
harshness of life and the ways in which
individuals can seize opportunities to alleviate
much of that harshness. While some of
Dreiser’s contemporaries found the depiction
of Carrie’s sexual life inappropriate, others
found it refreshingly realistic.

19. This novel is also important because it shows
Dreiser’s early tendencies toward the
naturalist style.
For example, he takes Carrie out of her
comfortable environment (the Midwest) and
places her in the unfamiliar big city of
Chicago to see how her desires and needs
affect her decision making. The setting, in
essence, becomes a set of conditions which
cause changes in the character.
Other aspects of the novel, such as Dreiser’s
attention to detail and his portrayal of the
struggling lower class, are consistent with the
naturalist style.
3. The RedBadge of Courage
- he Civil War narrative (1895)
- Stephen Crane
- The style and the stirring, emotional
voice of a young soldier captivated
critics and readers alike. Veterans of
the Civil War praised the book’s
realistic account of the soldier’s
experience.
Although numerous books containing
Civil War narratives were published since the
1860s, The Red Badge of Courage stood out
for Crane’s contemporaries.
The book is a classic of Naturalism and
proof of its author’s imagination; born in
1871 (six years after the war’s end),
Crane never served in the war; everything
he knew of it was from secondary sources.
The story is about Henry Fleming who is full
of youthful adventure and longing to be part
of the war. He enlists, only to face doubts
about his own courage and romantic attitudes.
Crane uses the war as the fictional
laboratory into which he places his young
protagonist. The war defines an extreme set of
environmental variables, and Henry’s
experiences lead him from uncertainty to
confidence in his own character. In the true
spirit of Naturalism, Crane portrays Henry’s
fate as a set of outcomes based on his inborn

20. traits (his drive to be a part of the adventure)
and his new environment (the pressures of
engaging in battle). Crane uses many typical
naturalist techniques such as symbolism,
third-person point-of-view, and concrete
detail.
“Do you get it?”
“If you do, then let me give you possible
guide questions in order for you to have
something to follow in creating a naturalist
critique paper.”
1. How effectively does the author portray the
natural world and its influence on characters
and events in the narrative?
2. To what extent does the writing style reflect
the principles of naturalism, including
objectivity, determinism, and a focus on the
environment's impact on human behavior?
3. How does the author depict characters'
struggles against their environment, societal
norms, and inherited traits in a naturalistic
fashion?
4. Are there instances of naturalistic themes
such as survival, instinct, or the struggle for
existence evident in the text?
5. How does the author use vivid and detailed
descriptions of the physical environment to
enhance the narrative's naturalistic elements?
6. Does the writing emphasize the limitations
of human agency and the influence of
biological, environmental, and social factors
on character development and outcomes?
7. In what ways does the author explore the
darker aspects of human nature, including
violence, poverty, and the harsh realities of
life, through a naturalistic lens?
8. How does the depiction of characters'
experiences and interactions with the natural
world contribute to the overall theme or
message of the work?
9. How does the author's treatment of
naturalism compare to other literary
movements or styles present in the text?
“Yes, Ma’am”

21. 10. What insights does the naturalistic
approach offer into the characters'
motivations, behaviors, and ultimate fates
within the context of the narrative?
“Do you guys understand our discussion?”
“Do you have any questions or clarification?”
“If none, then, can I have some key take away
that you have during our lesson?”
“Thank you for that and thank you guys for
listening. That’s it for my discussion. Good
evening.”
“Yes, Ma’am”
“None, ma,am”
Student will answer according to what they
have learned.
“Thank you, ma’am.”
I. EVALUATION
My WWH Matrix. Reflect and recall the things that you’ve learned about surrealism and
naturalism movement. Then, indicate what you want to learn more about this lens and how will
this influence you as an aspiring English teacher.
What I learned
about it?
What I want to
learn more about it?
How does this
influence me?
SURREALISM
NATURALISM
Prepared by:
Moratalla, Marichu M.
Orlain, Mary Jaine
Panesa, Shyra Joy M.