The ideas or arrangement of ideas that result from thinking is called thought. Thinking represent the most common form of mental activity. All human achievements and progress are the products of thought. Thought disorder is a disorganized way of thinking that leads to abnormal ways of expressing language when speaking and writing. It is one of the most difficult disorders to diagnose.

1. DISORDERS OF
THOUGHT
AND
PERCEPTION

2. OBJECTIVES
At the end of this session, you will get clear understanding about;
• What is meant by thought disorder
• Classify and explain the thought disorders
• What is meant by perception disorder
• Classify and explain perception disorders

4. DISORDERS OF THOUGHT
The ideas or arrangement of ideas that
result from thinking is called thought. Thinking
represent the most common form of mental
activity. All human achievements and progress
are the products of thought.
Thought disorder is a disorganized way
of thinking that leads to abnormal ways of
expressing language when speaking and writing.
It is one of the most difficult disorder to
diagnose.

5. CLASSIFICATION
Thought Disorder
Form of
thought
Content of
thought
Stream of
thought
Posession of
thought

6. (i) FORM OF THOUGHT
Derailment
Neologism
Concrete Thinking
Clang Association
Word Salad
Mutism
Tangentiality
Loosening of Association

7. (ii) STREAM OF THOUGHT
Acceleration
Flight of ideas
Circumstantiality
Poverty of thought
Perseveration
Echolalia
Thought block
Verbigeration
Thought tempo: Thought continuity:

8. (iii) CONTENT OF THOUGHT
Hypocondriacal ideas
Overvalued ideas
Poverty of content
Phobias
Delusion

9. (iv) POSESSION OF THOUGHT
Obsessions
Dysmorphophobia
Thought insertion
Thought withdrawal
Thought broad casting
Thought Alienation:

10. DISORDERS OF PERCEPTION
Perception is an active, creative
process in which raw sensory data are organized
and given meaning.
Without perception we can still see,
hear, taste, smell and have skin sensations but
we will not understand what we see, hear & so
on.

11. CLASSIFICATION
Disorders of Perception
Illusion Depersonalization
Hallucination Derealization

13. SUMMARY

14. ASSIGNMENT
Write an assignment on PHOBIAS

15. REFERENCES
Books:
• Casey & Kelly (2019), Fish’s clinical pathology (4th Edition), P. No: 29-33.
• C.L. Subash Indra Kumar (2014), Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing
(8th Edition), P. No: 453-456.
• Mary. C. Townsend (2015), Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing (8th Edition),
P. No: 468- 472.
• P. Prakash (2020), Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, P. No: 431-443.