This document discusses methods of disinfection. It defines disinfection as killing pathogenic microorganisms except spores. There are three types of disinfection: concurrent, terminal, and procurrent. An ideal disinfectant is cheap, available, powerful, non-toxic, stable, and soluble. Common disinfectants include phenol and chlorine. The document outlines how to disinfect rooms, instruments, and other items through methods like burning, boiling, formaldehyde vapor, or bleach solutions. Proper disinfection of a room involves removing items, cleaning surfaces, sealing the room for 72 hours with formaldehyde, then airing and cleaning.

2. Definition of disinfection.
Types of disinfection
What is disinfectant
Criteria of an ideal disinfectant
Disinfective methods of various goods,
instrument and places like rooms, floor
etc
Scope:

3.  Definition: Dis-infection is a process of
killing all the pathogenic microorganisms
except their spores, (With the application
of disinfectants) non-pathogenic
microorganisms may or may not be killed.
DISINFECTION:

4. Types of disinfection:
 Concurrent disinfection.
 Terminal disinfection.
 Precurrent (prophylactic) disinfection.
 a. Concurrent disinfection: It is the disinfective measures
apply as soon as possible after the discharge of infectious
material from the body of an infected person. This includes
disinfection of urine, Feces, Vomit, Contaminated linen, Clothes,
Hands, Dressing, Aprons, Gloves etc. (Throughout the course of
an illness).
 b. Terminal disinfection: It is the disinfective
measures taken to destroy or purify the infected materials after
the removal of the patient to a hospital or termination of the
case by recovery or death. This includes disinfection of the
room, premises and the articles that have been in contact with
the patient.

5. What is disinfectants?
 Ans: Disinfectants or germicide is a
chemical substance which destroys potential
infectious microorganisms (not usually spores)
present on the surface of inanimate objects.
 Examples: Phenol, Lysol, Cl2, Formaline
c. Precurrent (Prophylactic) disinfection: It is the
application of disinfective measures to prevent
infection.
e.g boiling of water, pasteurization of milk, Washing of
hands with soap and water, Chemical treatment of
water etc.

6.  Ans: The following are the criteria of an ideal disinfectants:

1. Should be cheap.
2. Should be easily available.
3. Should be a powerful germicide, rapid in action.
4. Should be non-poisonous.
5. Should be non irritant.
6. Should not attack metal or bleach pigments.
7. Should not damage cloths.
8. Should be stable in the presence of organic matter.
9. Should be homogenous.
10. Should mix in water and form a uniform emulsion in all
properties.
11. Should be a high solvent power for grease.
Criteria of an ideal disinfectant:

7.  Methods for disinfection of various goods:
 Inexpensive articles such as contaminated dressings, rags,
pillows, old mattresses, bandages and swabs can be disposed
off by burning. Feces can be disposed off by burning. It is best
done in air incinerator. Dry glass wares and instruments such as
forceps, Scalpels, scissors and all glass syringe can be disinfect
by HOT AIR OVEN on exposure at a temperature of 1600 C for
one hour is employed in it . Boiling is useful for disinfection.
 Bedpans.
 Urinals.
 Small instruments tools etc.
 Glass syringes, petridishes .
 Linen stained with Feces, Pus or blood.

8.  How to disinfect a room?
 We can disinfect a room by formaldehyde. It is a powerful
disinfectant and is used in the form of vapor. There are two
methods to use formaldehyde. Those are:
 Potassium permanganate method.
 Bleaching powder method.
 a. Potassium permanganate method: Special tin buckets or
jars are used for this purpose. 300 of 40% formaldehyde are
taken into a bucket and 150 gm of KMnO4 is added to it. Then
450 ml of water (in equal volume of formalin and KMNO4) is
added. This amount is sufficient for disinfection of 1000 cubic ft
of air space.

9.  DISINFECTION PROCEDURE OF ROOM:
 1. All furniture, cots, table, chair locker etc are to be removed from ward, cleaned
and kept them in the direct sun light for 06 hours. Every after 02 hours position to be
changed.
 2. To burn the inexpensive articles such as contaminated dress, pillow, old
mattress, bandage, tissue paper etc. by incinarator.
 3. Glass wares, instruments such as forceps, scissors are sterilized by autoclave.
 4. Bedpan, urinal etc are to be sterilized by boiling.
 5. Floor is to be washed by water, then savlon , lysol etc.
 6. To wash the drain, bath room, toilet area and apply bleaching powder.
 7. To close all the doors, windows, ventilations except one door.
 8. Keep the disinfectants chemical in the room.
a. Formalin -300 ml
b. Potassium permanganate -150 gm for 1000 CFT room
c. Water -450 ml
 9. All the doors and rooms should be airtight and to be kept closed for 72 hours.
 10. After 72 hours open the room, clean & wash. Place all the items on original
position.

11. Thank you