The document provides an overview of the digestive systems in ruminant and non-ruminant animals, detailing their anatomical structures and functions. It also discusses common conditions affecting the pharynx, such as pharyngitis, pharyngeal obstruction, and paralysis, including their causes, clinical signs, and treatment options. Key points include the roles of ingestion, mastication, absorption, and waste elimination in the digestive process.

1. Diseases of
Digestive
system
Dr Pallav Shekhar
Assistant Professor
Department of Veterinary Medicine
Bihar Veterinary College
Bihar Animal Sciences University, Patna
Unit-2
Introduction
Pharyngitis
Pharyngeal Obstruction
Pharyngeal Paralysis

2. Small Animal Nutrition TM 2
The Ruminant Digestive System
Esophagus
Rumen
Reticulum
Omasum
Abomasum
Small
intestine
Cecum
Colon
Rectum

3. Small Animal Nutrition TM 3
The Non-Ruminant Digestive
System
Esophagus
Stomach
Small
intestine
Cecum
Colon
Rectum

4. Small Animal Nutrition TM 4
The Cecal Fermenter Digestive
System
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Cecum
Colon
Rectum

5. Ruminant Digestive Systems
• Functions of the digestive system of animals
include:
–ingestion (eating)
–chewing (mastication)
–swallowing (deglutition)
–absorption of nutrients
–elimination of solid wastes (defecation)

6. Ruminant Digestive Systems
• Ruminants are those animals that contain a
multi-chambered digestive system
(polygastric) that allows the animal to gain
the majority of their nutritional needs from
forages and other roughages.
– cattle, sheep/goats, deer and elk
• Forage refers to grasses, roughages refers to
other high-fiber food sources.

7. Ruminant Digestive Systems
• The digestive tract extends from the lips to
the anus. It includes the mouth, pharynx,
esophagus, stomach, and the small and large
intestines.
• Accessory glands include the salivary glands,
the liver, and the pancreas.

8. PHARYNGITIS
• It is Inflammation of pharynx.
• It is characterized by- coughing, painful
swallowing, variable appetite, regurgitation
through nostril & drooling of saliva in severe
cases

9. Etiology
• Physical causes- Injury through balling or
drenching gun, During treatment or during
endotracheal intubation. Accidental ingestion or
administration of irritant or hot/cold substance.
Foreign body like grass cereal, awns, wire, bone
& gelatin capsules in pharynx.
• II. Infectious cause-Oral necrobacillosis,
Actinobacillosis , IBR, Pharyngeal phlegmon
• And Intramandibular cellulitis ( due to
Fusobacterium necrophorum).

10. Clinical Finding
• Refusal to eat/drink, Swallow with pain,
Pharyngeal coughing on compression,
Mucopurulent nasal discharge sometimes
bloody.
• In severe case regurgitation of fluid and food
via nostrils.
• Drooling of saliva with tentative jaw
movement.

11. • Diagnosis-By manifestation of acute pain in
local region and by endoscopic examination.
• Treatment- Primary disease should be treated
with antibiotics & sulphonamides

12. PHARYNGEAL OBSTRUCTION
• It is obstruction of pharynx accompanied by
stertorous respiration, coughing and difficult
swallowing.

13. • Etiology: Foreign body or swelling
(retropharngeal lymph nodes).
• Pathogenesis: Difficulty in swelling and
respiration.

14. • Clinical findings:
• Coughing of food through mouth
• Little and no regurgitation through nostril.
• Drinking is usually normal
• Snoring respiration.
• Treatment:
• Removal of foreign body
• Reduction of swelling
• Parentral treatment

15. PHARYNGEAL PARALYSIS:
• Pharyngeal paralysis is manifested by inability to
swallow and respiratory obstruction.
• Etiology:
• Peripheral Nerve injury
• Guttaral pouch infection in horses
• Trauma
• Rabies
• Botulism
• AHS
• Central lesion.

16. Pathogenesis
Inability swallow and regurgitation
Roaring due to laryngeal paralysis
CUD DROPPING due to partial pharyngeal
paralysis.
Aspiration pneumonia

17. • Clinical findings:
• Hungry
• Coughing
• Dropping of food from mouth
• Regurgiation through nostril
• Salivation
• Swallowing cannot be stimulated by external
compression.
• Treatment: Not very successful
• Nervine tonic
• Local application of heat
• Parentral administration of food

18. THANK YOU