DISCOVERY OF BENZENE.pptx
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•5 views
The Royal Society of Chemistry received a sample of oil from a gas company in London. Michael Faraday performed experiments to characterize the sample, including fractional distillation between 176-190 degrees Fahrenheit. He determined the largest fraction had properties consistent with benzene and continued studying it. Later scientists like Mitscherlich and Kekule further studied this fraction and discovered benzene's molecular structure and formula of C6H6.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Xi.crude oil. fractional distillation
Learning Objectives:
1. Know that Crude Oil is a compound of Hydrogen and Carbon Only
2. Know that a fuel is a substance that, when burned, releases heat energy.
3. Understand the origins of Crude Oil
4. Describe how the industrial Process of Fractional Distillation separates crude oil into fractions
Fractional distillation
This is the powerpoint about Fractional Distillation that I made for grade 8 science class
Drugs acting on Errectile Dysfunction.pptx
(ED) is a condition that can be a result of neurogenic, hormonal vascular disorders.
Male sexual dysfunction is inability to attain a satisfactory sexual relationship, may involve lack of erection or problems with release, ejaculation, or orgasm.
Erectile dysfunction is the inability to maintain an erection required for a satisfactory sexual performance.
Premature ejaculation refers to uncontrolled ejaculation before or shortly after entering the vagina.
fats and oils.pptx
Fats and oils are the major part of the lipid present in the adipose tissue of mammals. Fats and oils are the esters of fatty acids and alcohols and on hydrolysis gives fatty acids and alcohols. Fats and oils are mainly the glyceryl esters of various fatty acids like palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic. These are also called as triglycerides as three molecules of fatty acids condense with one mole of glycerol to form fat.
Recommended
Xi.crude oil. fractional distillation
Learning Objectives:
1. Know that Crude Oil is a compound of Hydrogen and Carbon Only
2. Know that a fuel is a substance that, when burned, releases heat energy.
3. Understand the origins of Crude Oil
4. Describe how the industrial Process of Fractional Distillation separates crude oil into fractions
Fractional distillation
This is the powerpoint about Fractional Distillation that I made for grade 8 science class
Drugs acting on Errectile Dysfunction.pptx
(ED) is a condition that can be a result of neurogenic, hormonal vascular disorders.
Male sexual dysfunction is inability to attain a satisfactory sexual relationship, may involve lack of erection or problems with release, ejaculation, or orgasm.
Erectile dysfunction is the inability to maintain an erection required for a satisfactory sexual performance.
Premature ejaculation refers to uncontrolled ejaculation before or shortly after entering the vagina.
fats and oils.pptx
Fats and oils are the major part of the lipid present in the adipose tissue of mammals. Fats and oils are the esters of fatty acids and alcohols and on hydrolysis gives fatty acids and alcohols. Fats and oils are mainly the glyceryl esters of various fatty acids like palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic. These are also called as triglycerides as three molecules of fatty acids condense with one mole of glycerol to form fat.
REDOX TITRATION.pptx
Redox Titration is a laboratory method of determining the concentration of a
given analyte by causing a redox reaction between the titrant and the analyte.
These types of titrations sometimes require the use of a potentiometer or a redox indicator.
Redox titration is based on an oxidation-reduction reaction between the titrant and the analyte.
It is one of the most common laboratory methods to identify the concentration of unknown analytes.
Fluorimetry ppt.pptx
Fluorimetry is a spectroscopic technique that involves the measurement of fluorescence emission from a sample. It is based on the phenomenon of fluorescence, which occurs when a molecule absorbs light at a specific wavelength and subsequently emits light of a longer wavelength.
Fluorimetry provides valuable information about the molecular structure, concentration, and environmental factors affecting fluorescent compounds. This technique has a wide range of applications in various scientific fields, including chemistry, biochemistry, pharmaceuticals, environmental analysis, and materials science.
BENZENE AND ITS DERIVATIVES.pptx
Benzene is a colorless and highly flammable liquid with a sweet smell, and is partially responsible for the aroma around petrol (gasoline) stations.
It is used primarily as a precursor to the manufacture of chemicals with more complex structure, such as ethylbenzene and cumene, of which billions of kilograms are produced annually.
Although a major industrial chemical, benzene finds limited use in consumer items because of its toxicity
Toxic effects of heavy metals : Lead and Arsenic
Heavy metals are naturally occuring metallic chemical elements that have relatively high density, and are toxic at even low concentrations. All toxic metals are termed as heavy metals irrespective of their atomic mass and density, eg. arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, thallium, chromium, etc.
bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
Bordettela is a gram negative cocobacilli spread by air born drop let
extra-chromosomal-inheritance[1].pptx.pdfpdf
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
如何办理(uvic毕业证书)维多利亚大学毕业证本科学位证书原版一模一样
原版纸张【微信：741003700 】【(uvic毕业证书)维多利亚大学毕业证】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Unveiling the Energy Potential of Marshmallow Deposits.pdf
Unveiling the Energy Potential of Marshmallow Deposits: A Revolutionary
Breakthrough in Sustainable Energy Science
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Comparative structure of adrenal gland in vertebrates
Adrenal gland comparative structures in vertebrates
More Related Content
More from ShoaibAhmedAnsari
REDOX TITRATION.pptx
Redox Titration is a laboratory method of determining the concentration of a
given analyte by causing a redox reaction between the titrant and the analyte.
These types of titrations sometimes require the use of a potentiometer or a redox indicator.
Redox titration is based on an oxidation-reduction reaction between the titrant and the analyte.
It is one of the most common laboratory methods to identify the concentration of unknown analytes.
Fluorimetry ppt.pptx
Fluorimetry is a spectroscopic technique that involves the measurement of fluorescence emission from a sample. It is based on the phenomenon of fluorescence, which occurs when a molecule absorbs light at a specific wavelength and subsequently emits light of a longer wavelength.
Fluorimetry provides valuable information about the molecular structure, concentration, and environmental factors affecting fluorescent compounds. This technique has a wide range of applications in various scientific fields, including chemistry, biochemistry, pharmaceuticals, environmental analysis, and materials science.
BENZENE AND ITS DERIVATIVES.pptx
Benzene is a colorless and highly flammable liquid with a sweet smell, and is partially responsible for the aroma around petrol (gasoline) stations.
It is used primarily as a precursor to the manufacture of chemicals with more complex structure, such as ethylbenzene and cumene, of which billions of kilograms are produced annually.
Although a major industrial chemical, benzene finds limited use in consumer items because of its toxicity
More from ShoaibAhmedAnsari (7)
Recently uploaded
Toxic effects of heavy metals : Lead and Arsenic
Heavy metals are naturally occuring metallic chemical elements that have relatively high density, and are toxic at even low concentrations. All toxic metals are termed as heavy metals irrespective of their atomic mass and density, eg. arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, thallium, chromium, etc.
bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
Bordettela is a gram negative cocobacilli spread by air born drop let
extra-chromosomal-inheritance[1].pptx.pdfpdf
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
如何办理(uvic毕业证书)维多利亚大学毕业证本科学位证书原版一模一样
原版纸张【微信：741003700 】【(uvic毕业证书)维多利亚大学毕业证】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Unveiling the Energy Potential of Marshmallow Deposits.pdf
Unveiling the Energy Potential of Marshmallow Deposits: A Revolutionary
Breakthrough in Sustainable Energy Science
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Comparative structure of adrenal gland in vertebrates
Adrenal gland comparative structures in vertebrates
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless ReproducibilityUniversity of Rennes, INSA Rennes, Inria/IRISA, CNRS
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
DERIVATION OF MODIFIED BERNOULLI EQUATION WITH VISCOUS EFFECTS AND TERMINAL V...
In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
Orion Air Quality Monitoring Systems - CWS
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Recently uploaded (20)
bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
erythropoiesis-I_mechanism& clinical significance.pptx
erythropoiesis-I_mechanism& clinical significance.pptx
BLOOD AND BLOOD COMPONENT- introduction to blood physiology
BLOOD AND BLOOD COMPONENT- introduction to blood physiology
Unveiling the Energy Potential of Marshmallow Deposits.pdf
Unveiling the Energy Potential of Marshmallow Deposits.pdf
Mammalian Pineal Body Structure and Also Functions
Mammalian Pineal Body Structure and Also Functions
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...
Comparative structure of adrenal gland in vertebrates
Comparative structure of adrenal gland in vertebrates
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
DERIVATION OF MODIFIED BERNOULLI EQUATION WITH VISCOUS EFFECTS AND TERMINAL V...
DERIVATION OF MODIFIED BERNOULLI EQUATION WITH VISCOUS EFFECTS AND TERMINAL V...
DISCOVERY OF BENZENE.pptx
- 1. Mr. Ansari Shoaib Ahmed
- 2. ROYAL SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY ROYAL SOCIETY Professional association in United kingdom Purpose “advancing the chemical sciences“ It was formed in 1980 Received a sample Portable gas company in London this company was producing illuminating gas from fish oil
- 3. • by product in a very large quantity • sample was sent to the Royal Society to take ship for other applications if possible • Sample landed in the Royal Society to Michael Faraday Michael Faraday some basic chemical properties • Specific gravity • Solubility • Reactions with acids • Subjected to fractional distillation As an assistant Humphry Davy (1778-1829)
- 4. FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION • fractional distillation is a technique to separate mixture of liquids having different boiling points • for example crude oil • crude oil is a mixture of different hydrocarbons and other organic components • fractional distillation is performed daily in petroleum industry to separate petrochemicals • if the mixture of organic compound is known exactly temperature can be set • if the mixture of organic compound is unknown a qualitative experiment can be performed. ?
- 6. • Faraday's separated the fractions by the difference of 10 degrees Fahrenheit (10oF) • Mixture was separated between 176 degree to 190 degree Fahrenheit • He named the compound as the bicarburate of the hydrogen(C2H) and continued his studies. • It was largest part of oil while other parts their not found significant or they were inactive PROPERTIES FARADAY REPORT PRESENT VALUE Specific Gravity Nearly 0.85 at 15.5oC 0.885 at 15oC Melting point 5.5oC (42oF) 5.483oC Boiling point 85.5oC (186oF) 80.4oC Vapour Density Nearly 40 39.024
- 7. • Eilhard Mitscherlich (1834) • Prepared the same substance in 1930 by reacting with benzoic acid from gum benzoin • Relative molecular mass was 78 • Molecular weight CH • Gave name Benzene
- 8. • August Kekule’ in 1865 • Molecular formula C6H6 • He was studying architecture first but letter change to chemistry • He had very good ability of imagination • One night he sat down to write his book and feeling to sleep • Dreamed a snake biting his own tail • All of a sudden woke up and cracked the structure of benzene