This document provides a summary of a class on legal English for human rights held on June 11, 2021. The class covered several topics: 1. A matching activity to practice archaic legal terms like "hereto," "thereon," and "thereof" that are commonly used in international human rights documents. 2. An analysis of an international court decision involving the arrest, detention, and expulsion of a Guinean businessman by the Democratic Republic of Congo to identify examples of compound archaic words. 3. A multiple choice activity to test understanding of phrases from Article 13 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights on the right to education. The class provided students opportunities

1. DIPLOMATURA EN
INGLES JURIDICO PARA
DERECHOS HUMANOS
Clase 11-6-2021
Adela Perez del Viso
Universidad Católica de Cuyo sede San Luis

2. 1. Classroom Analysis

3. This is a slide title
➔ Here you have a list of items
➔ And some text
➔ But remember not to overload your slides
with content
Your audience will listen to you or read the
content, but won’t do both.
3
2nd. Unit, 2nd. Part (lingüistic part)

4. 2. Vocab for ICCPR/ ICSCR
ARCHAISMS

5. “
➔Language is particularly
significant in law because it is
through it that law finds
expression.
➔From formulation to interpretation
and enforcement, law exclusively
depends on language.
5

6. “
➔The legal language is notorious for
formalities and unchanging nature,
especially with the use of archaic
words and formulaic expressions.
➔Although the formalities afford
lawyers opportunity to achieve
“precision”, they constitute a serious
challenge for the layman.
6

7. “
➔(“ARCHAISMS IN LEGAL CONTRACTS-
A CORPUS-BASED ANALYSIS”
➔Babatunde Israel Awe and Patrick
Sehinde Fanokun)
7
___Published by European Centre for Research
Training and Development UK (www.eajournals.org)

8. ➔ Archaism is an old and outdated word or expression that
is still in use in legal writing.
➔ It is an English lexical feature which is translated from
countries like France, Greece, and Latin in old
English period or Middle English period around AD 450 to
1150.
For some authors, archaism is old English, and it is rare in
daily modern English but often appears in legal
contracts
Legal documents are notorious for their preponderant use
of archaisms which are believed to add some
form of formality and seriousness to the contexts where
they occur.
8

9. ➔ Legalese has several typical features such us the use of
foreign words like Latin or French expressions, the use of
archaisms or technical words, the length of the sentences
and impersonal style through the use of the passive voice,
among others.
➔ One of the main features is the use of archaic words like
hereof, thereof, and whereof (and further derivatives,
including -at, -in, -after, -before, -with, -by, -above, -on, -
upon) which are used in legal English primarily to avoid
repeating names or phrases. For example: “the parties
hereto” instead of the parties to this contract.
9

10. “
➔Most of these archaic words, which
have come down from old English,
take the form of adverbials to which
some prepositions are affixed.
➔Some examples of these archaic –
compound words are: heretofore,
therefrom, thereof
10

11. “
➔hereinbefore, thereafter,
hereinafter.
➔adverb (hereinafter)
➔Adjective: adjective (aforesaid).
➔Lawyers claim:“these archaisms
enable clearer and less ambiguous
references and give greater weight and
authority to the language”. 11

12. “
➔“Archaism is significant to the legal
profession in that it helps to show
an unbroken tie the profession has
with the past so as to lend it some
touch of originality and continuity”
12

13. “
➔“HERE IN” = “IN HERE”.
➔“THERE IN”= IN THERE
➔“HERE UNDER”= UNDER HERE.
13
How the rule functions…
Order
…
the
change
➔HERE= The document where you
read.
➔THERE= out of the document.
THERE…
HERE
…

14. “
A video related to this topic.
Here is a video explaining this topic.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v
WQk67meYUA
14
Orde
r…
the
change

15. “
15

16. “
➔The survey plan N. 56 attached hereto and
which parcel of land is demarcated with
survey beacons N. 777, together with/without
a dwelling house/out building/yard/garden
thereon, hereinafter called the demised
premises which is held by the Sub-lessor
under the aforesaid Certificate of Occupancy…
16

17. “
➔… all fixtures and fittings thereon including the
sanitary and water apparatus…
➔… the soil and everything erected thereon
without any unreasonable delay…
➔the demised land and building thereon to
examine the condition and state of repair
thereof…
17

18. “
➔Provided always and it is hereby
agreed declared as follows: That if the
yearly rent hereby reserved or any part
thereof shall be in arrear for one…it
shall be lawful for the parties…
18
--It is hereby agreed as follows: Each payment to be
made hereunder shall be made in the presence of...

19. “
➔…the receipt of which sum the Vendor
hereby acknowledges, the Vendor as
beneficial owner hereby sells, and
transfers…
19

20. “
➔Archaisms Meaning
➔Thereto: to that or it, to that place,
thing, matter, circumstance
➔Thereby: b y that means, as a result of
that, in that connection
➔Wherein: in what or in which, in what
way, place or respect
20

21. “
➔Archaisms Meaning
➔Whereby: by which, by which way or
method
➔Hereby: by means of this, by this
medium
➔Hereto; to this document
➔Hereinbefore: in the preceding part of
this document 21

22. “
➔Hereinto: in this document
➔witnesseth (old spelling) Witness
➔Forthwith: at once , i mmediately,
without delay.
➔Aforementioned: that was earlier
mentioned, mentioned above
➔Aforesaid: that was earlier said
22

23. 3. Matching Activity WITH
ARCHAISMS

24. 24
MATCHING ACTIVITY

25. 25
MATCHING ACTIVITY
First of all, please read the theory in the
“Bibliografía complementaria,” i.e.
documents such as “Archaisms in Legal
Contracts” and “Compound Archaic
modifiers”.
If you do not read the theory and just
tackle the activity, you will not grasp the
complete idea of “Compound Archaic
Words”. Please, firstly read the theory as
we advise you…
THEN:
Match each expression (1-10) with its
meaning (A-G).
There is one extra option.

26. 26
MATCHING ACTIVITY
EXPRESSIONS (1-7):
1. Hereto
2. 2. Thereon
3. Therefor
4. Thereafter
5. Hereby
6. Thereof
7. Thereto
8. Therewith
9. Herein
10. Therein
MEANINGS (A- K)
A- By this document
B- In it/ that
C- Of it/ that
D- With it/ that
E- To it/ that
F- For it/ that
G- To this document
H- After it/ that
I- On it/ that
J- For this document
K- In this document

27. 27
MATCHING ACTIVITY
AFTERWORDS:
You will check your answers once you
participate in the “ARCHAIC WORDS
ACTIVITY” labelled as “calificaciones”
in this Unit.

28. 4. LEGAL ENGLISH
HANDBOOK.
x Human Rights…

29. 29
--Complex sentences containing subordination and embedding:
“This Directive adopts an integrated, holistic, and human rights approach to the
fight against trafficking in human beings and when implementing it, Council
Directive 2004/81/EC of 29 April 2004 on the residence permit issued to third-
country nationals who are victims of trafficking in human beings or who have
been the subject of an action to facilitate illegal immigration, who cooperate with
the competent authorities and Directive 2009/52/EC of the European Parliament
and of the Council of 18 June 2009 providing for minimum standards on
sanctions and measures against employers of illegally staying third-country
nationals should be taken into consideration.”
LEGAL ENGLISH FEATURES

30. 30
--use of connectives to link sentences including the three central ones,
“and”, “but”, “or” as well as “according to”, “as regards”, “as against”, “for
the purposes of”, “in consideration of”, “pursuant to”, “subject to”, “where”,
“where by virtue of”, “within the meaning of”, “without prejudice to”
as in: “This Directive is without prejudice to the principle of non-
refoulement in accordance with the 1951 Convention relating to the
Status of Refugees (Geneva Convention) […]”;
COMPLEX CONNECTIVES

31. 31
--use of connectives to link sentences including the three central ones,
“and”, “but”, “or” as well as “according to”, “as regards”, “as against”, “for
the purposes of”, “in consideration of”, “pursuant to”, “subject to”, “where”,
“where by virtue of”, “within the meaning of”, “without prejudice to”
as in: “This Directive is without prejudice to the principle of non-
refoulement in accordance with the 1951 Convention relating to the
Status of Refugees (Geneva Convention) […]”;
COMPLEX CONNECTIVES

32. 4 bis. Barbara
Wooton
Crime and
Criminal Law

33. 33
An International Court Decision: (The ahmadou case):
Now we are going to analise the “PRELIMINARY OBJECTIONS
JUDGMENT OF 24 MAY 2007 of the CASE CONCERNING AHMADOU
SADIO DIALLO (REPUBLIC OF GUINEA v. DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
OF THE CONGO)”
by the INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE.
This decision is available at the “Resources” section.
In this decision, we will find some cases of these compound- archaic
words (like “thereof”, “herein”, etc. ).
Guinea filed an Application instituting proceedings against the Democratic
Republic of the Congo (DRC) in respect of a dispute concerning “serious
violations of international law” alleged to have been committed upon the
person of Mr. Ahmadou Sadio Diallo, a Guinean national.

34. 34
In its Application, Guinea maintained that:
“Mr. Ahmadou Sadio Diallo, a businessman of Guinean nationality, was
unjustly imprisoned by the authorities of the Democratic Republic of the
Congo, after being resident in that State for thirty-two (32) years,
despoiled of his sizable investments, businesses, movable and immovable
property and bank accounts, and then expelled.”
Date of the Resolution: 30 November 2010.
Ruling: The DCR had violated Art. 13 of the ICCPR and Art. 12 parr. 4 of
the African Charter on Human and People´s Rights. And also that TRC
had violated Art. 9 parr 1 and 2 of OCCPR and art. 6 of the African
Charter.

35. 35
Facts: The Tribunal took into account that Mr. Diallo had been expelled on 31 January 1996;
and due to his arrest.
The Court further decided that “the Democratic Republic of the Congo [was]
under obligation to make appropriate reparation, in the form of compensation,
to the Republic of Guinea for the injurious consequences of the violations of
international obligations referred to in subparagraphs (2) and (3) [of the
operative part]”, namely the unlawful arrests, detentions and expulsion of Mr.
Diallo.
In addition, the Court found that the DRC had violated Mr. Diallo’s rights
under Article 36, paragraph 1 (b), of the Vienna Convention on Consular
Relations. It did not however order the DRC to pay compensation for this
violation.” In the same Judgment, the Court rejected all other submissions by
Guinea relating to the arrests and detentions of Mr. Diallo, including the
contention that he had been subjected to treatment prohibited by Article 10,
paragraph 1, of the Covenant during his detentions.

36. 36
Let´s see some examples of “hereinafter” and similar expressions,
while analising the previous Court decision:
“On 28 December 1998, the Government of the Republic of
Guinea (hereinafter “Guinea”) filed in the Registry of the Court an
Application instituting “DRC”) in respect of a dispute concerning
“serious violations of international law” allegedly committed “upon
the person of a Guinean national”. The Application consisted of
two parts, each signed by Guinea’s Minister for Foreign Affairs.
The first part, entitled “Application” (hereinafter the “Application
(Part One)”), contained a succinct statement of the subject of the
dispute, the basis of the Court’s jurisdiction and the legal grounds
relied on. The second part, entitled “Memorial of the Republic of
Guinea” (hereinafter the “Application (Part Two)”), set out the facts
underlying the dispute, expanded on the legal grounds put forward
by Guinea and stated Guinea’s claims”.

37. 37
“In sum, Guinea seeks through its action to
exercise its diplomatic protection on behalf of
Mr. Diallo for the violation, alleged to have
occurred at the time of his arrest, detention and
expulsion, or to have derived therefrom, of
three categories of rights: his individual
personal rights, his direct rights as associé in
Africom-Zaire and Africontainers- Zaire and the
rights of those companies, by “substitution”.

38. 5. The AHMADOU
case
…and compound
words

39. 39

40. 40
136 PAGES

41. 41
136 PAGES

42. 42
136 PAGES

43. 6. MULTIPLE
CHOICE ACTIVITY

44. 44
Instructions:
First of all, please read the ICESCR and the theory
in Unit 2 first and second parts. The text is also
available in this Unit 2 2nd part.
THEN: You will read Article 13 ICESCR and some
particular words or expressions taken from that text.
Choose the best explanation, (regarding the context)
for each of these phrases or words.

45. 45
Article 13 ICESCR.
1. The States Parties to the present Covenant
recognize the right of everyone to education. They
agree that education shall be directed to the full
development of the human personality and the
sense of its dignity, and shall strengthen the respect
for human rights and fundamental freedoms. They
further agree that education shall enable all persons
to participate effectively in a free society, promote
understanding, tolerance and friendship among all
nations and all racial, ethnic or religious groups,
and further the activities of the United Nations for
the maintenance of peace.

46. 46
2. The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize that, with a
view to achieving the full realization of this right:
(a) Primary education shall be compulsory and available free to all;
(b) Secondary education in its different forms, including technical
and vocational secondary education, shall be made generally
available and accessible to all by every appropriate means, and in
particular by the progressive introduction of free education;
(c) Higher education shall be made equally accessible to all, on the
basis of capacity, by every appropriate means, and in particular by
the progressive introduction of free education;
(d) Fundamental education shall be encouraged or intensified as
far as possible for those persons who have not received or
completed the whole period of their primary education;
(e) The development of a system of schools at all levels shall be
actively pursued, an adequate fellowship system shall be
established, and the material conditions of teaching staff shall be
continuously improved..

47. 47
3. The States Parties to the present Covenant undertake to have
respect for the liberty of parents and, when applicable, legal
guardians to choose for their children schools, other than those
established by the public authorities, which conform to such
minimum educational standards as may be laid down or approved
by the State and to ensure the religious and moral education of their
children in conformity with their own convictions.
4. No part of this article shall be construed so as to interfere with
the liberty of individuals and bodies to establish and direct
educational institutions, subject always to the observance of the
principles set forth in paragraph I of this article and to the
requirement that the education given in such institutions shall
conform to such minimum standards as may be laid down by the
State.

48. 48
Article 13. QUESTION 1:
In this text, in this context, what does this expression mean? “SHALL
STRENGTHEN”.
a) Should make stronger
b) Must ensure
c) Could reinforce
2. Article 13 ICESCR: Question 2:
In the previous text, in that context, what does this expression mean?:
“PROMOTE UNDERSTANDING”
a. advocate for sympathy-
b. support compassion
c. encourage comprehension- d. improve empathy

49. 49
3. Article 13 ICESCR: Question 3:
In that text, in that context, what does this expression
mean? : “COMPULSORY”.
a. Binding b. mandatory c. necessary d. required.
4. Article 13 ICESCR: Question 4:
In that text, in that context, what does this expression mean?:
“APPROPRIATE MEANS”
a. correct ways
b. suitable techniques
c. desired path
d. convenient methods

50. 50
5. Article 13 ICESCR: Question 5:
In that ICESCR text, what does this
expression mean?:
EQUALLY ACCESSIBLE”
a. equitably available
b. fairly attainable
c. justly open
d. uniformly usable

51. 7. THE JUSTICE
GAME

52. 52
Geoffrey Robertson´s non fiction text, The Justice Game, is a clear example
of a composer deliberately selecting various facts and events in order to
influence a reader.
Through THE JUSTICE GAME, Robertson presents his perspective of the
British legal System, which he believes to be archaic and unjust, with too
much potential for the transgression of human Rights, through an evidently
biased, subjective view using the techniques of selection and omission to
highligh various arguments to persuade the reader.
The trials of Oz recounts the obscenity trials of the editors of OZ
MAGAZINE, highlighting the issues of freedom of speech and censorchip,
with the overarching concept of conflicting perspectives which are prsent in
every evento of situation.
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1168512.The_Justice_Game

53. 53

54. 54
Thanks!
Any questions?
You can find me at:
➔ adelamperezdelviso@Gmail.com