The document discusses the UK's policy for digital terrestrial television (DTT) and the licensing of DTT multiplexes when the platform launched in 1998. Key points include:
- 6 DTT multiplexes were licensed, with different obligations for public service broadcasting (PSB) and pay-TV services across the multiplexes.
- Spectrum for the multiplexes was awarded through a "beauty contest" process rather than an auction at the time.
- The multiplex licenses came with requirements around coverage, technology standards, and mandated capacity for PSB channels.
- Over time the DTT platform has evolved as it moved to higher power transmissions after analogue switch-off and adopted
Overview of DVB-T standard to deploy Digital Terrestrial TelevisionFarhad Shahrivar
DVB-T is a technical standard for digital terrestrial television broadcasting that specifies framing, channel coding, and modulation. It is used in over 40 countries with nearly 200 million receivers sold, mostly in Europe. Benefits of DVB-T include better quality TV, improved population coverage, spectrum efficiency allowing more channels, and enabling HDTV and reception on mobile devices. Key issues in deploying DVB-T networks include establishing appropriate legal and regulatory frameworks, network planning, and content distribution infrastructure.
This document summarizes a presentation given in Hanoi, Vietnam on digital broadcasting and spectrum arrangement. It provides an overview of television broadcasting in Vietnam, including the benefits of digitization for broadcasters and telecommunications. Vietnam's digital television roadmap is outlined, which involves transitioning from analog to digital television between 2011-2020. The document also discusses Vietnam's plans for allocating spectrum for digital television services and freeing up the digital dividend spectrum between 694-790 MHz for other broadband services after 2020.
Digital television transitioned the US from analog to digital broadcasting. In 1996, Congress authorized each station to broadcast a digital channel alongside their analog channel. The full transition was set for June 12, 2009, after which all full-power stations broadcast solely in digital. This freed up valuable spectrum that could be auctioned for wireless services or used for public safety. Digital broadcasting allows for improved picture and sound quality as well as multicasting of multiple channels on the same bandwidth as a single analog channel. Viewers needed a digital TV or converter box connected to an antenna to receive the digital over-the-air signals after the transition date.
IPTV will evolve from a pure IP video service into a multimedia, multi-platform and multi-task service called "Next Generation TV". IPTV is seeing growth worldwide but Europe is expected to maintain its lead over the next few years. The document discusses IPTV deployments and drivers in different regions including Western Europe, Italy, France and FastWeb's IPTV service in Italy which is seen as pioneering.
Polytech component is a No-1 Set Up Box Suppliers and Manufacturer in Singapore. Our product Set Up box is made by Injection moulding which is the process of injecting molten thermoplastic polymer into a cavity within a steel mould tool.Upon cooling and opening of the mould, the injected plastic part will be formed..http://www.polytech.com.sg/Set_Up_Box.html
Overview of DVB-T standard to deploy Digital Terrestrial TelevisionFarhad Shahrivar
DVB-T is a technical standard for digital terrestrial television broadcasting that specifies framing, channel coding, and modulation. It is used in over 40 countries with nearly 200 million receivers sold, mostly in Europe. Benefits of DVB-T include better quality TV, improved population coverage, spectrum efficiency allowing more channels, and enabling HDTV and reception on mobile devices. Key issues in deploying DVB-T networks include establishing appropriate legal and regulatory frameworks, network planning, and content distribution infrastructure.
This document summarizes a presentation given in Hanoi, Vietnam on digital broadcasting and spectrum arrangement. It provides an overview of television broadcasting in Vietnam, including the benefits of digitization for broadcasters and telecommunications. Vietnam's digital television roadmap is outlined, which involves transitioning from analog to digital television between 2011-2020. The document also discusses Vietnam's plans for allocating spectrum for digital television services and freeing up the digital dividend spectrum between 694-790 MHz for other broadband services after 2020.
Digital television transitioned the US from analog to digital broadcasting. In 1996, Congress authorized each station to broadcast a digital channel alongside their analog channel. The full transition was set for June 12, 2009, after which all full-power stations broadcast solely in digital. This freed up valuable spectrum that could be auctioned for wireless services or used for public safety. Digital broadcasting allows for improved picture and sound quality as well as multicasting of multiple channels on the same bandwidth as a single analog channel. Viewers needed a digital TV or converter box connected to an antenna to receive the digital over-the-air signals after the transition date.
IPTV will evolve from a pure IP video service into a multimedia, multi-platform and multi-task service called "Next Generation TV". IPTV is seeing growth worldwide but Europe is expected to maintain its lead over the next few years. The document discusses IPTV deployments and drivers in different regions including Western Europe, Italy, France and FastWeb's IPTV service in Italy which is seen as pioneering.
Polytech component is a No-1 Set Up Box Suppliers and Manufacturer in Singapore. Our product Set Up box is made by Injection moulding which is the process of injecting molten thermoplastic polymer into a cavity within a steel mould tool.Upon cooling and opening of the mould, the injected plastic part will be formed..http://www.polytech.com.sg/Set_Up_Box.html
Digital Television (DTV) is a new type of broadcasting technology that will transform your television viewing experience. DTV enables broadcasters to offer television with movie-quality picture and sound. It can also offer multicasting and interactive capabilities.
A brief presentation on Digital addressable Cable TV system (phase III) to be implemented by the cable TV industry by 1st Jan 2016 in the urban areas all across the country. This is mandated by the act of Indian Parliament. This is one of the projects to make India, digital.
Neeraj Shukla presented on Direct-To-Home (DTH) technology at Subharti Institute of Technology and Engineering. DTH provides television services directly to subscribers via satellite, without needing local cable operators. It consists of a dish antenna, TV set, set-top box, and coaxial cable. Programming sources uplink signals which are received by the dish antenna and broadcast to subscribers, bringing information and entertainment into homes across urban, rural, and remote areas. While DTH overcomes limitations of cable TV networks, it can be interrupted by weather conditions or dish movement.
This document provides an overview of changes in satellite and cable television technologies in India, including Cable TV, DTH, CAS, HITS, IPTV, and satellite television. It discusses how each technology works and its penetration and key players in India. Some key points are that Cable TV transmits signals through cables instead of air, DTH provides direct transmission to homes via satellite, CAS uses encryption to transmit paid channels, HITS is a satellite multiplex service for cable companies, and IPTV delivers TV over broadband internet. Market shares and pricing models of major DTH players are also presented.
DTH Market Overview & Approach to MarketAraf Habib
A carefully formulated insight on Direct to Home entertainment prospects in Bangladesh. Market Overview, Consumer Psychology & possible Market Segmentation approaches. Supported with Sales & Retail Channel development.
Ka-band and Beyond - Bridging the Digital Divide (CSTB 2013 - Moscow)Newtec
The presentation Serge Van Herck (Newtec CEO) gave at CSTB 2013 (January) on Ka-band and bridging the digital divide. Main conclusions were:
- Ka HTS will not kill Ku nor C but will be complementary for closing the digital divide in Russia.
- KA HTS consumer broadband can only succeed if:
+ Low cost terminals with self installation capability
+ Strong distribution channels and brand to sell to the consumer
More info on broadband access via satellite here:
http://newproducts.newtec.eu/new-products/application/consumer-broadband
The document discusses digital television terrestrial broadcasting standards, focusing on DTMB (Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast), the standard used in China. DTMB uses Time-domain Synchronous Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing and supports various modulation schemes and frame structures. Field trials showed DTMB provided better picture and sound quality compared to analog transmission under different reception conditions. Hong Kong began official DTV broadcasting using DTMB in 2007.
The document discusses a study on the coexistence of DTT and LTE services in the 614-698MHz band for Colombia-Brazil border environments. The study aims to define a methodology for analyzing coexistence between DTT and LTE signals in border areas. It reviews international recommendations and previous studies on interference. It also outlines technical studies including propagation modeling based on field measurements, laboratory tests, and proposed models for evaluating interference scenarios along the border. The results were published in a book and conferences, providing Colombia's ANE with a methodology for spectrum harmonization between Colombia and Brazil.
The Benefits of having the Largest Broadcast Footprint in Europe & being an I...Modern Times Group MTG AB
MTG has the largest broadcast footprint in Europe through its integrated free-to-air and pay-TV operations across 31 markets reaching 125 million viewers. This unique position allows MTG to leverage geographical expansion through scalable models, pan-European negotiations, and replication of successful strategies. The integration of free and pay-TV provides benefits like higher margins, enhanced competitive positioning through cross-selling and content sharing, and centralized control of broadcasting hubs and creative services.
Cable tv & direct to home television scopeNeak Ali
The document discusses the scope of direct-to-home (DTH) television in Pakistan. It begins by introducing DTH technology and how it is replacing digital cable networks. DTH provides higher quality television directly to users via satellite instead of through cable operators. The document then reviews the history of television and cable TV in Pakistan. It examines the advantages of DTH over cable networks and the growth of DTH in other Asian countries like India. The conclusion is that DTH has strong market potential in Pakistan.
The document provides an analysis of the cable industry presented by team Peloton. It includes:
1) An overview of the history, structure, and economics of the cable industry including market leaders like Comcast.
2) Details on the capital intensive nature of the industry and factors like pricing, demand, competition from satellite providers, and regulatory issues.
3) A focus on Comcast, covering its financial performance, strategies around expanding services, and growth opportunities in business services and interactive advertising.
4) Macroeconomic factors that could impact the industry and a forecast for continued growth, though challenges from new technologies and competitors remain.
Multiservice Broadcast Networks Over SatelliteNewtec
1) The document discusses Newtec's multi-service broadcast networks, which allow various content like video, radio, and data to be distributed over a single optimized infrastructure.
2) Newtec's networks provide the lowest total cost of ownership through features like converged all-IP technology, intra- and cross-layer optimization, and dynamic carrier management.
3) The networks are designed to evolve with emerging technologies such as DVB-S2 extensions, adaptive coding and modulation, and carrier identification to further improve efficiency and capacity.
03 15-1200 patrick hannon - going for a digital futureRadiodays_Europe
Digital radio provides several benefits over traditional analog radio including clearer sound, more choice of stations, and additional interactive features. Key benefits include greater geographic coverage, the ability for broadcasters to expand their portfolio of stations, and enhancing the listener experience through visual and interactive elements. Successful adoption of digital radio requires collaboration between industry groups, government, regulators, and other stakeholders to coordinate efforts around technology, policy, and promotion.
Summary of Broadcast, Interactive, Internet and Hybrid TV in Africa (TVA) Con...Alan Quayle
USAASA discussed their role in building South Africa's digital TV industry through subsidies. Subsidies are needed due to looming digital migration deadlines, a short migration time frame, and the fact that market forces alone may not be enough to migrate needy households, of which there are over 5 million in South Africa. USAASA aims to speed up the digital TV migration process and ensure needy households can participate in the digital revolution through receiving subsidies.
This document discusses the transition from analogue to digital television (DTV) in Afghanistan. It provides background on analogue TV and the requirement to switch to DTV by 2015. DTV allows for higher quality multimedia content and more channels using less spectrum. The main DTV standards are discussed as well as platforms for delivery. The worldwide transition status is shown on a map. Advantages of DTV for governments, broadcasters, and users are outlined. The document also discusses implications for these groups and challenges of the transition, such as investment, awareness, regulations, and coordination. Best practices for a successful transition are presented.
The importance of standards is not to be underestimated, they protect end-users from vendor lock-in and provide freedom of choice, which was the aim of the DVB-S (Digital Video Broadcast - Satellite) standard.
At Newtec we strive to increase the efficiency of the DVB standard. That is why we are contributing to a more efficient DVB-S2 standard, to establish an evolution that further optimizes satellite capacity usage.
This presentation focuses on two specific aspects of this strive for improvement:
- How to reduce costs for transmissions (focusing in this case on Clean Channel Technology)
- Addressing Satellite Interference (RFI)
More info: visit www.newtec.eu
The document discusses digital television standards and IPTV technology. It begins by explaining analog television standards like NTSC, PAL, and SECAM. It then covers the basics of digital television like standard definition TV (SDTV) and high definition TV (HDTV). The remainder of the document outlines the technology behind Internet Protocol Television (IPTV), including encoding, packetization, multiplexing, channel coding, and decoding. It also discusses IPTV business models and the ecosystem of content delivery.
Digital migration and broadcasting licensing framework abridged version 11 05...CA
The document summarizes Kenya's process of transitioning from analogue to digital broadcasting in line with international deadlines. It outlines the three phases of shutting off analogue transmitters, with all sites to complete the switch by June 2017. The benefits of digital migration include releasing frequencies for other services, better picture/sound quality, and new business opportunities. It also describes Kenya's licensing framework for various digital broadcasting services and the key challenges faced during the transition, including litigation and ensuring affordable set-top boxes.
Digital switchover from analogue to digital TV in the UK will occur region by region between 2008 and 2012. This will allow for more efficient use of spectrum and increased digital coverage. Key issues include ensuring consumers are informed and able to convert equipment like TVs and VCRs to be able to receive digital signals. Environmental impacts such as increased energy use from additional equipment must also be addressed during the transition.
The UK government has committed to switching from analogue to digital-only television broadcasting between 2008 and 2012. This will involve turning off the analogue signal region by region. Key benefits include improved coverage, increased channel choice for viewers, and freeing up spectrum for new services. However, it will require all households to convert existing analogue TVs and recorders to receive digital signals, through set-top boxes or new digital equipment, which will incur costs. Several feasibility studies have been conducted to help coordinate the complex switchover process.
At Sveriges Radio, Stockholm February 6th 2015, Mr. Kenneth Wenzel from Open Channel in Denmark shared the experiences gained, from being the world’s first to deploy and trial digital radio based on the new DVB-T2 profile T2 Lite. The presentation proved the superiority and robustness of T2 Lite for digital radio, instead of DAB+, which is widely regarded as obsolete today.
Digital Television (DTV) is a new type of broadcasting technology that will transform your television viewing experience. DTV enables broadcasters to offer television with movie-quality picture and sound. It can also offer multicasting and interactive capabilities.
A brief presentation on Digital addressable Cable TV system (phase III) to be implemented by the cable TV industry by 1st Jan 2016 in the urban areas all across the country. This is mandated by the act of Indian Parliament. This is one of the projects to make India, digital.
Neeraj Shukla presented on Direct-To-Home (DTH) technology at Subharti Institute of Technology and Engineering. DTH provides television services directly to subscribers via satellite, without needing local cable operators. It consists of a dish antenna, TV set, set-top box, and coaxial cable. Programming sources uplink signals which are received by the dish antenna and broadcast to subscribers, bringing information and entertainment into homes across urban, rural, and remote areas. While DTH overcomes limitations of cable TV networks, it can be interrupted by weather conditions or dish movement.
This document provides an overview of changes in satellite and cable television technologies in India, including Cable TV, DTH, CAS, HITS, IPTV, and satellite television. It discusses how each technology works and its penetration and key players in India. Some key points are that Cable TV transmits signals through cables instead of air, DTH provides direct transmission to homes via satellite, CAS uses encryption to transmit paid channels, HITS is a satellite multiplex service for cable companies, and IPTV delivers TV over broadband internet. Market shares and pricing models of major DTH players are also presented.
DTH Market Overview & Approach to MarketAraf Habib
A carefully formulated insight on Direct to Home entertainment prospects in Bangladesh. Market Overview, Consumer Psychology & possible Market Segmentation approaches. Supported with Sales & Retail Channel development.
Ka-band and Beyond - Bridging the Digital Divide (CSTB 2013 - Moscow)Newtec
The presentation Serge Van Herck (Newtec CEO) gave at CSTB 2013 (January) on Ka-band and bridging the digital divide. Main conclusions were:
- Ka HTS will not kill Ku nor C but will be complementary for closing the digital divide in Russia.
- KA HTS consumer broadband can only succeed if:
+ Low cost terminals with self installation capability
+ Strong distribution channels and brand to sell to the consumer
More info on broadband access via satellite here:
http://newproducts.newtec.eu/new-products/application/consumer-broadband
The document discusses digital television terrestrial broadcasting standards, focusing on DTMB (Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast), the standard used in China. DTMB uses Time-domain Synchronous Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing and supports various modulation schemes and frame structures. Field trials showed DTMB provided better picture and sound quality compared to analog transmission under different reception conditions. Hong Kong began official DTV broadcasting using DTMB in 2007.
The document discusses a study on the coexistence of DTT and LTE services in the 614-698MHz band for Colombia-Brazil border environments. The study aims to define a methodology for analyzing coexistence between DTT and LTE signals in border areas. It reviews international recommendations and previous studies on interference. It also outlines technical studies including propagation modeling based on field measurements, laboratory tests, and proposed models for evaluating interference scenarios along the border. The results were published in a book and conferences, providing Colombia's ANE with a methodology for spectrum harmonization between Colombia and Brazil.
The Benefits of having the Largest Broadcast Footprint in Europe & being an I...Modern Times Group MTG AB
MTG has the largest broadcast footprint in Europe through its integrated free-to-air and pay-TV operations across 31 markets reaching 125 million viewers. This unique position allows MTG to leverage geographical expansion through scalable models, pan-European negotiations, and replication of successful strategies. The integration of free and pay-TV provides benefits like higher margins, enhanced competitive positioning through cross-selling and content sharing, and centralized control of broadcasting hubs and creative services.
Cable tv & direct to home television scopeNeak Ali
The document discusses the scope of direct-to-home (DTH) television in Pakistan. It begins by introducing DTH technology and how it is replacing digital cable networks. DTH provides higher quality television directly to users via satellite instead of through cable operators. The document then reviews the history of television and cable TV in Pakistan. It examines the advantages of DTH over cable networks and the growth of DTH in other Asian countries like India. The conclusion is that DTH has strong market potential in Pakistan.
The document provides an analysis of the cable industry presented by team Peloton. It includes:
1) An overview of the history, structure, and economics of the cable industry including market leaders like Comcast.
2) Details on the capital intensive nature of the industry and factors like pricing, demand, competition from satellite providers, and regulatory issues.
3) A focus on Comcast, covering its financial performance, strategies around expanding services, and growth opportunities in business services and interactive advertising.
4) Macroeconomic factors that could impact the industry and a forecast for continued growth, though challenges from new technologies and competitors remain.
Multiservice Broadcast Networks Over SatelliteNewtec
1) The document discusses Newtec's multi-service broadcast networks, which allow various content like video, radio, and data to be distributed over a single optimized infrastructure.
2) Newtec's networks provide the lowest total cost of ownership through features like converged all-IP technology, intra- and cross-layer optimization, and dynamic carrier management.
3) The networks are designed to evolve with emerging technologies such as DVB-S2 extensions, adaptive coding and modulation, and carrier identification to further improve efficiency and capacity.
03 15-1200 patrick hannon - going for a digital futureRadiodays_Europe
Digital radio provides several benefits over traditional analog radio including clearer sound, more choice of stations, and additional interactive features. Key benefits include greater geographic coverage, the ability for broadcasters to expand their portfolio of stations, and enhancing the listener experience through visual and interactive elements. Successful adoption of digital radio requires collaboration between industry groups, government, regulators, and other stakeholders to coordinate efforts around technology, policy, and promotion.
Summary of Broadcast, Interactive, Internet and Hybrid TV in Africa (TVA) Con...Alan Quayle
USAASA discussed their role in building South Africa's digital TV industry through subsidies. Subsidies are needed due to looming digital migration deadlines, a short migration time frame, and the fact that market forces alone may not be enough to migrate needy households, of which there are over 5 million in South Africa. USAASA aims to speed up the digital TV migration process and ensure needy households can participate in the digital revolution through receiving subsidies.
This document discusses the transition from analogue to digital television (DTV) in Afghanistan. It provides background on analogue TV and the requirement to switch to DTV by 2015. DTV allows for higher quality multimedia content and more channels using less spectrum. The main DTV standards are discussed as well as platforms for delivery. The worldwide transition status is shown on a map. Advantages of DTV for governments, broadcasters, and users are outlined. The document also discusses implications for these groups and challenges of the transition, such as investment, awareness, regulations, and coordination. Best practices for a successful transition are presented.
The importance of standards is not to be underestimated, they protect end-users from vendor lock-in and provide freedom of choice, which was the aim of the DVB-S (Digital Video Broadcast - Satellite) standard.
At Newtec we strive to increase the efficiency of the DVB standard. That is why we are contributing to a more efficient DVB-S2 standard, to establish an evolution that further optimizes satellite capacity usage.
This presentation focuses on two specific aspects of this strive for improvement:
- How to reduce costs for transmissions (focusing in this case on Clean Channel Technology)
- Addressing Satellite Interference (RFI)
More info: visit www.newtec.eu
The document discusses digital television standards and IPTV technology. It begins by explaining analog television standards like NTSC, PAL, and SECAM. It then covers the basics of digital television like standard definition TV (SDTV) and high definition TV (HDTV). The remainder of the document outlines the technology behind Internet Protocol Television (IPTV), including encoding, packetization, multiplexing, channel coding, and decoding. It also discusses IPTV business models and the ecosystem of content delivery.
Digital migration and broadcasting licensing framework abridged version 11 05...CA
The document summarizes Kenya's process of transitioning from analogue to digital broadcasting in line with international deadlines. It outlines the three phases of shutting off analogue transmitters, with all sites to complete the switch by June 2017. The benefits of digital migration include releasing frequencies for other services, better picture/sound quality, and new business opportunities. It also describes Kenya's licensing framework for various digital broadcasting services and the key challenges faced during the transition, including litigation and ensuring affordable set-top boxes.
Digital switchover from analogue to digital TV in the UK will occur region by region between 2008 and 2012. This will allow for more efficient use of spectrum and increased digital coverage. Key issues include ensuring consumers are informed and able to convert equipment like TVs and VCRs to be able to receive digital signals. Environmental impacts such as increased energy use from additional equipment must also be addressed during the transition.
The UK government has committed to switching from analogue to digital-only television broadcasting between 2008 and 2012. This will involve turning off the analogue signal region by region. Key benefits include improved coverage, increased channel choice for viewers, and freeing up spectrum for new services. However, it will require all households to convert existing analogue TVs and recorders to receive digital signals, through set-top boxes or new digital equipment, which will incur costs. Several feasibility studies have been conducted to help coordinate the complex switchover process.
At Sveriges Radio, Stockholm February 6th 2015, Mr. Kenneth Wenzel from Open Channel in Denmark shared the experiences gained, from being the world’s first to deploy and trial digital radio based on the new DVB-T2 profile T2 Lite. The presentation proved the superiority and robustness of T2 Lite for digital radio, instead of DAB+, which is widely regarded as obsolete today.
DVB-T2 Lite for Digital Radio by Kenneth WenzelYOZZO
At Thailand’s Engineering Expo 2014, Kenneth Wenzel from Open Channel in Denmark, shared the experiences gained, from being the world’s first to deploy and trial digital radio based on the new DVB-T2 profile T2-Base-Lite. The presentation proved the superiority and robustness of T2 Lite for digital radio, instead of DAB+
The Importance of DTT to the UK - Simon Mason, ArqivatechUK
Presented at UK Spectrum Policy Forum – Cluster 2 meeting
'DTG DSA Forum and discussions on PMSE' held on Thursday 9th July 2015 at DTG offices
Presented by Simon Mason, Principal Technology Consultant. Government, Mobile and Enterprise, Arqiva
Next Generation of Digital Radio & Mobile TV.
June 19th 2016 | Updated version (# 115) with more DVB-T2 mobile device, more countries case and a section on T2 Lite vs DAB+ plus a new section on HEVC.
This document summarizes the regulation of the Belgian cable broadcasting market. It finds that the main cable operators have significant market power (SMP) in their respective geographic coverage areas, with market shares over 70%. Three types of access remedies are imposed on SMP operators: access to analogue TV resale, access to digital platforms, and access to broadband resale. This aims to promote infrastructure competition and allow other operators to offer bundled television and broadband services. Implementation of reference offers and determining appropriate cost-based wholesale prices, such as retail minus pricing, proved challenging but were eventually established.
DVB-T2 provides significant improvements over first generation digital terrestrial television solutions. It offers higher data rates and robustness, allowing for more programs including HDTV using less spectrum. The improved efficiency also reduces costs for broadcasters through lower infrastructure expenditures and operating expenses. DVB-T2 supports important features like emergency alerting, mobile reception, and pay television, while also maintaining competitive costs for consumer equipment.
Cable tv & direct to home television scopeNeak Ali
The document discusses the scope of direct-to-home (DTH) television in Pakistan. It provides background on the history of television and cable TV in Pakistan. Key points include that DTH provides higher quality television directly to users without involvement of cable operators, and offers customized packages and on-demand options. The document also briefly discusses the growth of DTH markets in other Asian countries like India.
The document discusses digital switchover in Europe, providing status updates, strategies used, and key challenges. It outlines that most countries have launched digital terrestrial television (DTT) and are in the process of analogue switchoff (ASO). Countries have taken different approaches to ASO, such as national shutoff or phased regional shutoff. Successful ASO requires setting a confirmed date, sufficient resources, and communication campaigns to inform viewers of the changes. The UK is an example of a phased regional switchoff that is expected to be completed in 2012.
ITU News Issue 4 2004 - From Analogue to Digital Television - The Australian WayRoger G Bunch
1) Australia began researching digital terrestrial television broadcasting (DTTB) in the mid-1980s and decided in the early 1990s to develop DTTB that paralleled the existing analog television structure.
2) In 1998, Australian broadcasters began developing industry practices for delivering standard definition (SDTV) and high definition (HDTV) content for DTTB, specifying quality standards. Transmissions began in 2001 in metropolitan areas and 2003 in regional areas.
3) The development of DTTB in Australia included establishing transmission standards based on DVB-T, developing digital channel plans, promoting consumer awareness of DTTB benefits, and managing interference issues during the transition to DTTB.
Tensions at the digital edge – planning for a smooth switchoverBSP Media Group
This document discusses planning for a smooth digital broadcasting switchover from analog to digital signals. It describes how radio network planning software can analyze coexistence between different broadcasting technologies like DVB-T and mobile networks like LTE to identify interference issues. The software evaluates scenarios to quantify impact, analyze affected areas and services, and estimate costs to help stakeholders with coordination and a smooth transition. An example case study shows how interference from LTE into DVB-T can be modeled and mapped to inform decisions.
IPTV has seen growth in Europe, with around 14 million households receiving IPTV services as of 2010, mainly concentrated in a few countries like France. IPTV is commonly offered as part of triple play bundles providing broadband, television, and telephone services. However, the IPTV model faces challenges from increasing availability of free content on digital terrestrial television and competition from over-the-top (OTT) internet services on connected TVs. Telecom providers are exploring strategies like unbundling IPTV from bundles or partnering with OTT providers to adapt to the changing landscape.
The document discusses digital terrestrial television broadcasting standards and deployments globally. It focuses on comparing DVB-T2's T2-Lite profile to DAB/DAB+ for digital radio broadcasting, showing that T2-Lite enables higher capacity, stronger signals, and larger coverage areas compared to DAB+ using the same or lower transmission power. Specific case studies of DVB-T2 deployments in Copenhagen and potential deployments in Thailand and India are also reviewed.
1 Switching To Digital Television Business And Public Policy IssuesSheila Sinclair
This document summarizes the challenges involved in switching from analog to digital television. It discusses how the transition affects different market participants like broadcasters and viewers unevenly. Broadcasters must invest in new digital infrastructure while viewers must buy new equipment. The transition is complicated by television's non-rival nature, which means broadcasting the same content on both analog and digital wastes resources. Governments also aim to ensure universal access to free television, limiting how quickly the analog signal can be turned off. Overall, coordinating the costs and benefits across these groups during the transition poses business and policy issues.
The document provides an overview of the Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) Project. It discusses the DVB Forum and its timeline of standards development. Key DVB standards include DVB-S, DVB-C, DVB-T, DVB-H, and DVB-SH. The document compares DVB standards to competing standards and outlines the system architecture and protocol stack. It also notes that Huawei Satellite Communications (HSC) is exploring opportunities to leverage and integrate with various DVB standards.
IPTV has seen growth in Europe, with around 14 million households using the service as of 2010, mainly driven by bundling with broadband. However, the market is facing challenges from increasing availability of free content on digital terrestrial television and competition from cable providers and connected TVs that provide "over-the-top" internet content. As a result, telecom providers may need to reconsider bundled IPTV as their only strategy and explore options like unbundling television from other services or partnering with content providers to offer both bundled IPTV and over-the-top delivery of content.
1. DTT Policy in the UK –
Regulating Broadcasting and Telecommunications: Intermediate Course,
London School of Economics
Julian McGougan, Group Strategy, 6 September 2012
julian.mcgougan@arqiva.com
IM2442.5
2. Disclaimer
Opinions expressed are personal and
may not be those of Arqiva.
2
3. The UK Public Service television landscape
Unlike many countries, the UK benefits from a range of PSBs, whose public service
obligations varied considerably.
Also some PSBs are regionalised (for programming and/or advertising).
This PSB landscape influenced the network topology (technical and spectrum
planning) for the DTT multiplexes:
Television Government Government Advertising and
Licence (no grant (no grant and Sponsorship
advertising) advertising) Advertising
Publicly owned BBC TeleG (Scotland S4C (Wales only) Channel 4
only)
Privately owned ITV
Channel 5
Teletext
All analogue terrestrial services were PSBs.
Channel 4 was created to give a boost to independent producers (Channel 4 is prohibited
from having in-house production) and to broadcast programming catering for tastes not
catered for by the existing broadcasters. Originally ITV sold Channel 4’s advertising.
Channel 5 was created to provide greater choice to advertisers (and therefore to act as a
constraint on ITV’s slot prices).
3 Prior to the launch of DTT about 80% of homes could receive all 5 services, but about 20% of
homes couldn’t receive Channel 5.
4. The policy goals of licensing DTT multiplexes
Each multiplex had to launch at 81 transmitter sites selected by the regulator,
mostly on the grounds of population served, but a few sites were selected on
political grounds.
For interoperability (and to minimise consumer confusion) all DTT broadcasts
had to use the same technology –
the DVB-T transmission standard, the 64QAM 2k broadcast mode (at the
suggestion of the BBC – this would prove disastrous) and MPEG-2
coding.
The platform should offer a diverse range of channels (a balance of Free-To-
Air and pay-TV) deemed likely to be attractive to consumers.
Legislation reserved “gifted capacity” for PSB services –
to guarantee their presence
to encourage the PSBs to invest in new, digital-only services.
Strong pay-TV operator (ONdigital) was needed to market the DTT platform
because pay was likely to be the only mass market means of obtaining DTT –
The first unsubsidised Set Top Boxes (STBs) only became available in 2002
The first integrated digital television (idTVs) were very expensive.
4
5. Awarding spectrum for DTT
Spectrum wasn’t auctioned in the UK before 2000, so the spectrum for each DTT
multiplex was awarded by comparative selection (“beauty contest”).
Although regional franchises for the ITV commercial PSB were auctioned in 1991,
programme commitments and financial viability were also criteria for award.
In any event, there was considerable risk in launching a new platform when
research showed that:
Most consumers were content with the analogue PSBs
Those consumers who wanted to pay extra for pay channels were already well served by
Sky (almost 100% coverage) and cable (about 50% coverage).
In addition:
Multiplex licences would come with launch coverage obligations
Universal coverage could never be achieved until analogue TV was switched off – and
who knew how long that might take?
The regulator would have a say in the service line-up.
So even if auctions had been the default method of awarding spectrum in 1997-98,
arguably beauty contests may have been adopted for these multiplexes anyway.
The BBCs multiplex was awarded directly by the Government and is
unlicensed.
5
6. The 6 DTT multiplexes at launch in 1998
As with analogue, all spectrum was shared by DTT multiplexes – no multiplex had exclusive spectrum.
The 2 PSB multiplexes (“1” and “2”) received spectrum preference to ensure that they had the highest coverage.
The resulting differential coverage meant that ONdigital (the pay-TV operator) effectively only marketed the DTT
platform line-up to consumers who could receive all 6 multiplexes.
Service type Specific Licence Obligations
Mux Licensee Expiry date Regionalised Free- Pay Gifted capacity Coverage Fair,
multiplex? to-air (81 Reasonable &
(FTA) transmitters) Non-
Discriminatory
(FRND)
1 BBC No expiry – √ √ N/A √ X
UNLICENSED
2 ITV/ 2010 √ √ 48% ITV √ X
Channel 4 48% Channel 4
4% Teletext
A S4C-led 2010 √ √ √ 50% S4C (Wales only) √ √
consortium 50% Channel 5
TeleG (Scotland only)
B ONdigital 2010 X √ √ X
C ONdigital 2010 X √ √ X
D ONdigital 2010 X √ √ X
6
7. The DTT multiplexes: 10 years of evolving
Launch of Freeview - October 2002 The UK DTT platform today
Low power alongside analogue High power - analogue switched off
40
Key:
Free-To-Air services
Pay-TV services
30
Multiplex payload (Mbit/s)
20
10
Multiplex name 1 2 A B C D 1 2 3 4 5 6
Modulation scheme 16QAM 64QAM 64QAM 16QAM 16QAM 16QAM 64QAM 64QAM 256QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM
7
Transmission standard DVB-T DVB-T DVB-T DVB-T DVB-T DVB-T DVB-T DVB-T DVB-T2 DVB-T DVB-T DVB-T
8. Simplified layers of regulation for DTT
Originating Service Key obligations How enforced As part of the current Communications Bill
Regulation Layer process, the Government is considering
Multiplex Technical standards Licence whether the separate broadcast layer of
Offer bandwidth on FRND terms regulation is still required.
Gifted capacity
Service line-up (wide and diverse etc)
While it is highly unlikely that service
licences would be abolished, this process
Broadcasting Act
Service "Fit and Proper Person" Licence
Programme standards - does provide an opportunity to ask: is a
Child Protection/Watershed
multiplex licence still needed?
Harm and Offence
Editorial integrity
Fairness, Impartiality, Privacy For multiplex licensees, currently:
Programming formats Ofcom prescribes the technology –
Independent production quota
Only DVB-T/MPEG-2 or DVB-T2/MPEG-
"Listed Events"
4 for DTT (and Ofcom has a veto over
Out-of-London production quota (PSBs)
FEC changes)
Access Services (subtitling, signing)
Ofcom has to be consulted on changes to
service line-up.
Wireless Spectrum Location Licence (currently
Telegraphy (where Technical Licence Conditions cannot fine for
Neither mux 1 (BBC) nor mux 2 (ITV/C4)
face a requirement to offer bandwidth on
Act relevant) Antenna height and pattern breaches - revocation
Fair, Reasonable & Non-Discriminatory
the only penalty)
Terms – so why do multiplexes 4, 5 & 6?
No multiplex licences are proposed for any
new DTT multiplexes.
There’s no equivalent licence for satellite
8 transponders.
9. Awarding spectrum in the UK
Most spectrum which is now in private hands was awarded by administrative allocation (i.e. not by
auction), for a specific use or technology, and the licence wasn’t tradable.
In recent years Ofcom has been making spectrum licences tradable and technology-neutral, however:
to minimise interference, there are restrictions on the characteristics of alternative technologies which
could be deployed
the secondary market for spectrum remains illiquid and most private demand for spectrum continues to be
met by Ofcom.
So far, virtually all broadcast service licences have been awarded by “beauty contest” (administrative
allocation by comparative selection), as have all multiplex licences.
However Ofcom is now considering, if there are to be additional DTT multiplexes, how their spectrum
requirements should be awarded.
Very few spectrum auctions have actually been completed in the UK so far:
Minimum UK-wide Auction proceeds
Spectrum band Auction Date licence term licences? Number of licensees (US $ m) Current use
2.1 GHz April 2000 20 5 35,345.9 3G
28 GHz Nov 2000 15 6 54.4 None
1.8 GHz
(DECT guard band) April 2006 10 12 (shared) 6.8 2G (in-building)
412 MHz Oct 2006 15 1 (Arqiva) 2.8 Public safety
1.8 GHz May 2007 15 1 0.7 ?
(plus some
10 – 40 GHz Feb 2008 15 regional) 10 (inc. Arqiva) 2.8 Backhaul
None (mobile data
1.5 GHz (L-Band) May 2008 15 1 16.2 downlink likely)
9 DDR (local TV) Jan 2009 16 2 0.0 None
10. Spectrum auctions (1)
Supported (finally) by the European Commission, market mechanisms
(essentially auctions) are now the default method of spectrum release.
Regulators are unlikely to know better than the market what the optimal use of
spectrum might be
An auction of technology-neutral and service-neutral spectrum licences enables
spectrum to be clearly awarded to the uses with the highest value
If a service fails, a licensee can sell the spectrum or launch something else.
Ofcom’s current preferred auction model is the combinatorial clock auction
(which Ofcom has endlessly perfected), which has distinct advantages to
bidders when there are a range of different (i.e. not homogeneous
packages) of spectrum on offer -
The Supplementary Round enables bidders to submit bids for every
combination of spectrum which they would be willing to be awarded.
No Aggregation risk
Minimises the likelihood that any spectrum is left unsold.
Most successful bids are actually a result of the Supplementary Round.
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11. Spectrum auctions (2)
All auction proceeds must be passed by Ofcom to the Treasury.
Maximising proceeds isn’t an auction objective for Ofcom beyond the role of maximum
total bid price determining the allocation
Current auctions adopt the Second Price Rule to avoid the “winner’s curse”.
It is currently not easy to –
Offer incentives to evict lower value uses from spectrum
Set up procedures to mitigate anticipated interference.
Pay for, or subsidise, replacement equipment.
The Government is considering how to improve that.
All registered bidders lodge funds with Ofcom prior to the start of the auction,
designed to cover bids for the first few rounds.
Ofcom will then require top-ups of funds on deposit as bidding escalates.
Licences must be paid for in full (which may require a final payment after bidding
stops from winning bidders) before they are granted.
Licences don’t have to be granted immediately (for example, to allow time for a network
to be built prior to commercial launch).
Ofcom refunds to bidders any excess funds on deposit a few days after the end of
an auction.
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12. Determining market value of spectrum
The value determined by bidders is affected by a range of factors:
The timing of spectrum availability (not necessarily the same thing as the timing of the
auction).
How restrictive the Technical Licence Conditions are (to avoid interference into neighbouring
spectrum users, licences cannot be strictly technology-neutral).
The spectrum Band Plan.
Spectrum packaging.
Equipment availability, a function of –
international standardisation
release timing (ideally bidders want equipment available from multiple suppliers, with known
costs and performance before they bid for spectrum).
Financial terms (permitting payments to be spread will tend to increase proceeds, but carries
a risk – as the U.S has discovered).
Policy objectives e.g. -
Coverage obligations
Access obligations (FRND, roaming, MVNO etc)
Favoured types of bidder (as the U.S has experimented with – not always successfully).
Restrictions on spectrum trading or leasing.
Minimum licence terms (and the prospect of licence extension).
Plus, never under-estimate bidders’ willingness to exceed their determined maximum
value if they see competitors bidding more.
Reserve prices are usually set to discourage frivolous bidding (as is the requirement
that bidders must be companies, not individuals), rather than to signal anticipated
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proceeds.
13. Awarding spectrum for DTT multiplexes
The market value for multiplex licences at the launch of a DTT platform will be
affected by:
Minimum licence term (over which the necessary heavy investment in the transmission
network will be amortised)
Potential for new, competing multiplexes to be awarded.
Perception of competitive threats to future income.
Emerging consumer preference for HDTV (and then 4k), which DTT will tend to be less
able to offer than other linear platforms.
Competitive threats to linear broadcast platforms:
IPTV
2nd screen.
DTT will be arguably be more vulnerable to these threats than other linear platforms
which offer a greater range of services (and, in the case of cable, also offer a return
path).
In addition, DTT’s access to spectrum is threatened by –
Mobile broadband
White Space devices.
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14. Linear television is far from dead
In recent years, too many industry experts have forecast the imminent death of
traditional linear television based on a combination of what new technology can do
and how early adopters use those technologies.
But early adopters are not indicative of the majority of consumers.
Familiarity is a major determinant of usage.
Brands also matter – and major broadcasters often have the kind of brand value
which disruptive new entrants would kill to have.
Every day in the UK there are 52 hours of first-run programmes on the PSB channels
alone (source: Deloitte).
The consumer desire for easy access to lots of “lean back” entertainment isn’t going
away.
So despite all of the competing devices and services clamouring for attention, in the
UK television –
Still has a weekly reach of about 95% of the population aged >4
And still serves up 49 measured ads per viewer per day (source: Deloitte).
And television remains the most trusted source of news.
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15. The threat of IPTV
IPTV is currently all about catch-up TV, not true VOD.
Watching programmes commissioned for, and already broadcast by, linear
TV.
The convenience of Connected TV (that is, where consumers have actually
connected them) offering IPTV on the same display, without the need for
consumers to use a 2nd device, will drive take-up, but –
Many displays capable of being connected aren’t connected.
Manufacturers' desire to offer proprietary app stores, and minimise the role of
broadcasters, acts as a drag on usage of those displays actually connected.
The direction of travel may be clear, but for now IPTV is used principally as
a modern replacement for VHS tapes.
So arguably more of a threat to the PVR/DVR (in >50% of UK homes) than
to DTT.
Although “+1” channels will probably lose much of their purpose.
In the UK, the PSBs drove the recent launch of YouView to ensure that the
15 demand for IPTV from DTT users stays within the DTT ecosystem.
16. But how much of a threat to broadcast is IPTV?
Despite consumer familiarity with PVRs, with plenty of time to then change their content selection priorities, they largely
haven’t:
Linear remains the default, with storage – and then cloud – as the fallback when schedules disappoint.
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17. Obstacles which delay IPTV truly challenging broadcast
How universally available is broadband?
How fast, and reliable, in peak hours is broadband?
How much investment has been made in multicast technology?
How affordable is broadband?
Unlike Free-To-Air DTT, IPTV is never truly free.
Does the average broadband subscription have data caps so low that a
household’s average viewing, if all IP, would result in financial penalties?
Have rightsholders made available the most popular programmes on terms
which make IPTV a substitute for broadcast?
Not every rightsholder is ready to acquire a direct relationship with consumers.
17
18. The threat of 2nd screens
At least for the most advertiser-friendly audiences, this is the future of TV
consumption:
18
Source (this slide & the next two): Viaccess-orca, 2012.
20. 2nd screen is both threat and opportunity
The 3rd, 5th and 6th (possibly the 4th, too) activities below suggest that this is
an audience waiting to be engaged by broadcasters…
…or a “parasitic” 3rd party which gets there first.
20
21. 2nd screening is more about talking about programmes than
interacting with them
Frequency of communication in the UK via messaging, email, Facebook & Twitter about the TV
programmes being watched:
21
22. 2nd screen is both threat and opportunity
Some broadcasters are getting spooked by 2nd screens
But there have always been distractions for viewers, it’s just that when
those distractions are connected they are measurable.
So are 2nd screens going to become more engaging for viewers than
magazines, books, newspapers, conversation and food have always been?
2nd screens add the return path which DTT and satellite usually don’t
have.
2nd screens can effectively increase advertising beyond the constraints of
regulated broadcast ad minutage.
There is a range of programme-related information which broadcasters are
in the best position to provide:
Cast, locations, theme & incidental music (with click to iTunes to
purchase?).
If broadcasters don’t assist the communication about the programmes they
22
transmit – someone else will.
23. The spectrum threat: how much will DTT be left with?
The UHF spectrum principally used by DTT has good propagation
characteristics, it –
covers long distances
bends around hills and buildings
goes through walls (for good in-building coverage).
Those characteristics also make this spectrum attractive for mobile
broadband use, which was accorded “co-primary” status for this spectrum by
the ITU at WRC-07 (for 800 MHz) and now WRC-12 (for 700 MHz).
Despite the fact that the demand which mobile (i.e. cellular) operators are finding
hard to meet is for urban/suburban capacity, not suburban/rural coverage.
The challenge is to re-plan DTT to:
make more efficient use of spectrum
increase DTT capacity to enable the launch of more HD services
clear more spectrum for future mobile demand.
23
24. More DTT and more mobile, too?
Stage 1: Pre-Digital Switch-Over (DSO)
Television: 5 analogue services + 6 DTT multiplexes
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69
Radar Radioastronomy PMSE
Stage 2: Post-DSO - 2012
DTT: 6 multiplexes
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69
600 MHz cleared for re-use PMSE
Stage 3: Post-DSO clearing DTT from Channels 61 & 62 and auctioning 800 MHz - 2013/14
DTT: 6 national multiplexes + local TV + "white space devices" 800 MHz LTE "4G"
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69
600 MHz cleared for re-use PMSE
Potential Stage 4: 6 existing DTT multiplexes re-planned to make more efficient use of spectrum
+ 2 new multiplexes + clear more spectrum for mobile ("700 MHz") to be auctioned later
DTT: 8 national multiplexes + local TV + "white space devices" 800 MHz LTE "4G"
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69
PMSE 700 MHz cleared for mobile broadband
Notes on the above:
(i) Numbers in diagrams above are television Channel numbers (each 8 MHz)
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(ii) Number of national multiplexes shown in Stage 4 is indicative only of the additional capacity (with required regionality) which might be required to secure a solid, sustainable
future for the DTT platform and to maintain vigorous inter-platform competition.