Digital health

1. Digital Health and AI
Presented by
Dr Subrat Kumar Tripathy
2nd Yr Pg
Community Medicine
MKCG MCH
GUIDED BY
DR D Shobhamalini
(Associate Professor)
Dr Sanjaya Kumar Sahoo
(Assistant Professor)
Dr Priyasha Panda(Post PG SR)
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2. Contents
• Introduction
• Definition of Digital Health
• Goals/Objectives of digital health
• Institutional Framework of eHealth
• Applications of Digital Health
• Digital Health Initiatives
• Digital Health and Covid-19
• E-HEALTH ARCHITECTURE –
ODISHA
• Definition of AI
• Timeline of AI in Health
• Types of Artificial Intelligence
• Subfields of Artificial Intelligence (AI)
• AI In Transforming Health Care
• Role of AI In Public Health
• AI for Universal Health Coverage & in
SDGs
• AI and COVID-19 in India
• Challenges and Barriers With AI and Way
forward
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3. • “I think the biggest innovations of the twenty-first century will be the
intersection of biology and technology” Steve Jobs
• “There are two areas that are changing - these are information technology
and medical technology. Those are the things that indicate that the world
will be very different twenty years from how we know it today.” Bill Gates
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4. Introduction
• Internet was first created in the 1980s with the primary objective was to get computers
to speak the same language to enable data to travel across any network.
• GOI launched Digital India Campaign in 2015 which included public health initiatives
geared towards adoption of digital technologies.
• NHP in 2017 envisioned a fully digitized healthcare system in India which culminated
in the commencement of the Digital Health Mission in India.
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5. Definition of Digital Health
• WHO “a broad umbrella term encompassing eHealth, as well as emerging
areas, such as the use of advanced computing sciences in ‘big data’, genomics and
artificial intelligence”.
• The term “Digital Health” includes all applications emerging from the intersection
of healthcare and technology.
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6. Big data
• Big Data can collect all the data / information on what constitutes a disease.
• To detect spreading diseases earlier.
• Generate new insights into disease mechanisms.
• Monitor the quality of the medical and healthcare institutions.
• Provide better treatment methods.
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7. Genomics
• Sequencing and analysis of an organism's genome (entire DNA).
• It investigates how a person's biological information can be used to improve their
clinical care and health outcomes ( through effective diagnosis and personalised
treatment).
Artificial Intelligence
• AI refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to
think like humans and mimic their actions.
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8. Goals/Objectives of digital health
• Prevention of disease.
• Lessens the healthcare costs.
• Customization of medicines as per patient requirements.
• Monitoring and managing chronic conditions.
• Enhancing and boosting access.
• Expanding and improving the quality of healthcare.
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9. Institutional Framework of eHealth
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10. Applications of Digital Health
1.Telemedicine:
It is the use of telecommunications technology to provide healthcare.
Includes tele-radiology, tele-consultation, tele-nursing, tele-ICU and tele-surgery.
Useful tool to improve treatment outcomes in India.
2.Point-of-Care Diagnostics:
Enables accurate diagnosis in resource limited setting by patients themselves or
healthcare practitioners.
It facilitates disease management, monitoring and real-time diagnosis of multiple
conditions.
Ex: biosensors, portable x rays, handheld ultrasounds and smartphone based POCD.
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11. Cont..
3.m-Health:
 Mobile health, or m-Health, is the provision of Digital Health services on a mobile
platform.
India is home to the 2nd largest smartphone market in the world, which makes m-
Health a very lucrative option(664 million mobile internet users by 2023).
4.Medical Virtual Assistants:
“MVAs” bridge the gap between patients and physicians through services such as
providing information on medical condition, appointment scheduling, maintain
health records and other administrative tasks.
 MVAs generally run on AI based software to enable the processing of large data
sets and provide personalised advice and perform individual specific functions. 11

12. Cont..
5.Robot-Assisted Surgery:
Using the assistance of robots, doctors are able to perform surgical procedures more
efficiently, precisely and with smaller incisions.
 Microrobots are far less likely to cause tissue damage than conventional medical
interventions, such as surgical incisions and catheter insertions.
6.Self-Monitoring Healthcare Devices:
Monitors and sensors are now being integrated into wearables, which are capable of
tracking weight, sleep patterns, posture, diet and exercise.
The raw data that is collected can be used to self-monitor by detecting various health
symptoms and alert the user in case of potential issues. 12

13. Cont..
7.Electronic Health Records (“EHR”) :
EHR is a digital version of a patient’s health records.
It helps eliminate the problems associated with physical records such as loss and lack of
accessibility.
It can be stored centrally and accessed at any time.
8.e-Pharmacies:
Pharmacy that operates over the internet and fulfils the orders through mail, courier or
delivery persons.
Geographical restrictions on physical pharmacies are removed in the online model.
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14. Cont..
9.e-Learning in the Healthcare Sector :
“CME” is a mandatory requirement for doctors to keep in touch with the current
trends and developments in the field of medicine.
 Convenient platform for doctors to attend.
 Saves on time and costs and is accessible from anywhere.
10.The Internet of Medical Things(IoMT):
An amalgamation of medical devices and applications that can connect to health care
information technology systems using networking technologies.
Combination of telemedicine, mobile technology, wearables, including ECG monitors.
Skin temperature, glucose level, and blood pressure readings can also be taken.
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15. Digital Health Initiatives
1. e-Mamta:
 An interactive provider cum beneficiary oriented
name based registration platform that accounts for tracking of
every pregnant women and children.
 Gives village level work plan to the health care provider and SMS to the beneficiary.
2.Kilkari:
A mobile service to deliver free, weekly, time appropriate
audio messages on pregnancy, child birth & child care directly to
families’ mobile phones from the 2nd trimester of pregnancy until
the child is one year old.
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16. Cont..
3.TB Patient Monitoring System “Nikshay” and 99DOTS:
Web enabled patient management system for TB control under
NTEP.
Used to register cases, order various types of tests from laboratory
across the country, record treatment details, monitor treatment adherence etc.
 99 DOTS is a low cost approach for monitoring and improving TB medication
adherence.
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17. Cont..
4.e-RaktKosh:
Centralized Blood Bank Management System.
Track of the blood stock across numerous blood banks – Web / App based.
5.m Cessation:
A SMS based initiative to help tobacco users quit tobacco.
 When offered along with traditional services, it has been found to be
cost effective.
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18. Cont..
6. HMIS (Health Management Information System):
 An online portal providing information on health indicators in India.
 It compiles data from state and district level health authorities.
7. SIMS (Strategic Information and Management System):
 CMIS-introduced in 2002 to capture & maintain the database of HIV/AIDS control
programme across the country.
SIMS an integrated web-based reporting and data management system launched in
2008 to replace CMIS to strengthen the M&E systems at each level.
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19. Cont..
8.e-Aushadhi:
This is supply chain management application that deals with purchase,
inventory management and distribution of various drugs.
9. eVIN ( Electronic Vaccine Intelligence Network):
• Digitizes vaccine stocks & monitors the temperature of the cold chain through a
smartphone application
• providing real-time information on vaccine stocks & flows, and storage temperatures
across all cold chain.
10. Birth and Death Entry Application System:
• Used to store and monitor statistical data of birth, death and still birth.
• Main aim is to maintain database of birth and death records. 19

20. Digital Health and Covid-19
Name of the mobile
application
Purpose
Aarogya Setu App • Automatic contact tracing using Bluetooth.
• Self assessment test based on ICMR guidelines.
• Risk status of users.
• Updates, advisory and best practices related to COVID 19.
• Geo location based COVID 19 statistics.
Sandhane Trace COVID-19 suspects in rural and remote areas.
SAHYOG • It complements the Aarogya Setu app in contact tracing,
public awareness and self-assessment.
• The app will collate data at the state level and geo-tag it for
further analysis by Survey of India (SOI).
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21. E-HEALTH ARCHITECTURE – ODISHA
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22. DEFINITION OF AI
• Artificial Intelligence(AI) is defined as “the science and engineering of making
intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs.”(McCarthy 2007) .
• AI refers to the ability of machines to perform cognitive tasks like thinking,
perceiving, learning, problem solving and decision making.”(NITI Aayog, 2018).
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23. Timeline of AI in Health
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24. Types of Artificial Intelligence
Artificial narrow intelligence
(ANI)
Non-sentient machine intelligence, typically focused on a
narrow task (narrow AI).
Artificial general intelligence (Hypothetical) machine with the ability to apply intelligence
to any problem, rather than just one specific problem,
typically meaning "at least as smart as a typical human".
Artificial super intelligence (Hypothetical) artificial intelligence far surpassing that of the
brightest and most gifted human minds. The idea that
computers can surpass human intelligence, social skills and
scientific knowledge across domains.
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25. Subfields of Artificial Intelligence (AI)
• Expert System knowledge-based system that has expert-level competence and can
solve specific problems.
• Machine Learning It is a method that identifies pattern in the data by automating
data analysis using algorithms.
• Natural language processing (NLP) Helps in the identification of key words and
phrases in natural language.
• Automated planning and scheduling It helps in organising and prioritising the
activities to achieve a desired goal.
• Image and signal processing It help in processing large amounts of data from
images and signals (such as motion and sound).
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26. AI In Transforming Health Care
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27. Role of AI In Public Health
1. Disease surveillance
2. Epidemic prediction
3. In screening
4. Water treatment
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28. AI for Universal Health Coverage & in SDGs
• Major goal- Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure (SDG Goal 9) and responsible
consumption and production of energy (SDG Goal 12).
• In principle, AI can be applied in all sectors and industries. Therefore, AI can
contribute to achieve all SDGs.
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29. AI and COVID-19 in India
AI-enabled thermal cameras:
 Identify anyone with body temperature above 37°C.
 Identify multiple suspects at the same time and that too in the range of 100 meters.
AI for containment of corona virus:
• ‘Milagrow iMap 9’ , a robot designed for floor disinfection purposes.
• Automated disinfecting UAV - “Corona-Killer 100” (a disinfectant spraying drone).
AI-enabled COVID-19 sero survey platform
• ‘Garuda’- claims to conduct a seroprevalence study with 1 crore COVID-19 samples
in just one week time.
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30. Challenges and Barriers With AI
1. Infrastructure.
2. Liability and Accountability.
3. Training Issues.
4. Cost.
5. Trust issues.
6. Inequality concerns.
7. Inadequate framework and Regulatory weaknesses.
8. Data protection and privacy.
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31. Way Forward
Government should support companies to invest in AI and encourage public private
partnerships in the domain of AI and Health.
Enact and enforce laws and legislation related to AI and Health, frame policies
addressing issues related to confidentiality and privacy in the AI-driven healthcare.
Train workforce in AI so that they can carefully handle sensitive health information,
protect data against theft and use AI systems effectively.
Healthcare decisions based on the AI solutions should have a rationale and are
explainable.
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33. REFERENCES:
• https://www.nishithdesai.com/fileadmin/user_upload/pdfs/Research_Papers/Digital_Health_in_India.pdf
• Panda PS, Bhatia V. Role of artificial intelligence (AI) in public health. Indian J Community Fam Med [Internet].
2022 [cited 2022 Jun 6];4(2):60. Available from: https://www.ijcfm.org/article.asp?issn=2395-
2113;year=2018;volume=4;issue=2;spage=60;epage=62;aulast=Panda
• IAPSM’s text book of community medicine.
• https://csd.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/content/docs/ICT%20India/Papers/ICT_India_Working_Paper_4
3.pdf
• http://164.100.117.80/sites/default/files/E-Health%20Architecture%20-%20Odisha.pdf
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