The document discusses various international water quality standards and guidelines for drinking water, highlighting the differences in parameters established by the World Health Organization, the United States Environmental Protection Agency, and other countries like China and Australia. It emphasizes the importance of water quality parameters, including microbiological, chemical, and physical characteristics, to ensure safe and clean drinking water. Different regions have adopted unique standards based on local environmental and health considerations while striving to protect human health and ecosystems.

1. university of engineering and technology Peshawar.
NAME AMANULLAH
REG NO 21PWCIV5761
ROLL NO 113
SECTION T
Semester 6th
Dept Civil Engineering
Presentation of environmental lab
Date 26/02/2024

2. Different water quality standards:
What is Water quality?
 Water quality describes the condition of the water, including chemical, physical, and
biological characteristics, usually with respect to its suitability for a particular purpose
such as drinking
Drinking water quality standards:
describes the quality parameters set for drinking
water. Water may contain many harmful constituents, yet there are no universally
recognized and accepted international standards for drinking water. Even where standards
do exist, the permitted concentration of individual constituents may vary by as much as
ten times from one set of standards to another. Many countries specify standards to be
applied in their own country.
 In Europe, this includes the European Drinking Water Directive and in the United States,
the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) establishes standards as
required by the Safe Drinking Water Act. China adopted its own drinking water standard

3. Different water quality standards:
Range of standard:
Drinking water standards include lists of parametric values, and also specify the sampling
location, sampling methods, sampling frequency, analytical methods, and laboratory
accreditation . In addition, a number of standards documents also require calculation to
determine whether a level exceeds the standard, such as taking an average. Some
standards give complex, detailed requirements for the statistical treatment of results,
temporal and seasonal variations, summation of related parameters, and mathematical
treatment of apparently aberrant results.
Parametric values:
A parametric value in this context is most commonly the concentration of a substance,
e.g. 30 mg/L of iron. It may also be a count such as 500 E. coli per litre or a statistical
value such as the average concentration of copper is 2 mg/L. Many countries not only
specify parametric values that may have health impacts but also specify parametric
values for a range of constituents that by themselves are unlikely to have any impact on
health. These include colour, turbidity, pH, and the organoleptic (aesthetic) parameters
(taste and odour).

4. Different water quality standards:
World Health Organization (WHO) Standards:
The WHO establishes global guidelines for drinking water quality with the primary goal of
ensuring access to safe and clean drinking water worldwide. These guidelines cover a
comprehensive range of parameters such as microbiological contaminants (like bacteria and
viruses), chemical contaminants (including heavy metals and pesticides) and physical
characteristics. The standards are designed to protect human health by setting limits on
potentially harmful substances in drinking water.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Standards (United States): In the United States,
the federal legislation controlling drinking water quality is the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
which is implemented by EPA, mainly through state or territorial health agencies ,In the United
States, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is responsible for setting water quality
criteria for different water bodies, including rivers, lakes, and coastal waters. The criteria
encompass a broad spectrum of pollutants, addressing issues like nutrient levels, pathogens,
metals, and organic chemicals. These standards aim to maintain and improve the quality of
surface waters to support ecosystems and protect public health.

5. Different water quality standards:
China National Standards for Drinking Water Quality:
China has established national standards for drinking water quality, addressing
various pollutants such as bacteria, heavy metals, and organic compounds. These
standards aim to guarantee the safety and quality of drinking water across the
country, considering the unique environmental and demographic factors in China.
 China adopted its own drinking water standard GB3838-2002 (Type II) enacted
by Ministry of Environmental Protection in 2002
European Union (EU) Standards :
 The European Union (EU) has established directives and regulations to manage
water quality. The Water Framework Directive is a key framework that sets
environmental objectives for water bodies within EU member states. The
focus is on achieving and maintaining good ecological status, emphasizing
sustainable water management and protection of aquatic ecosystems.

6. Australia standards:
 Drinking water quality standards in Australia have been developed by the Australian
Government National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) in the form
of the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines. These guidelines provide contaminant
limits (pathogen, aesthetic, organic, inorganic, and radiological) as well as guidance
on applying limits for the management of drinking water in Australian drinking water
treatment and distribution Aim: The guidelines for water quality assessment in
Australia and New Zealand aim to provide a comprehensive framework for
managing and protecting water quality. By addressing various parameters, the
guidelines support the sustainable use of water resources for drinking water supply,
agriculture, industry, and recreational purposes.
Indian Standards for Drinking Water (Bureau of Indian Standards):
 In India, the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) sets standards for drinking water
quality. These standards cover microbiological quality, chemical contaminants, and
toxic substances. The aim is to ensure the provision of safe and clean drinking
water for the population, addressing specific challenges and concerns relevant to
the Indian context.

7. Different water quality standards:
WHO Guidelines for Recreational Water Quality:
 In addition to drinking water guidelines, the WHO also provides guidelines for
the quality of recreational water. These guidelines focus on water bodies used
for swimming and bathing, setting standards to protect individuals from
waterborne diseases and hazards associated with recreational water activities.
The focus is on preventing waterborne diseases and hazards associated with
recreational activities, ensuring the safety and health of individuals engaging
in water-based recreation.
Each set of standards reflects specific regional or global priorities, addressing
unique environmental challenges and considerations while striving to achieve
common goals of protecting human health, preserving ecosystems, and
ensuring sustainable water management.

8. Different water quality standards:
Parameter Table
World
Health
Organizatio
n
European
Union
United
States
China Canada[15] India
(BIS)[16]
1,2-
dichloroeth
ane
" 3.0 μg/L 5 μg/L " "
Acrylamide
0.0005
mg/L
0.10 μg/L TT** " "
Aluminium Al 0.9 mg/L 0,2 mg/L
no limit
listed
0.03 mg/L
Antimony Sb 0.02 mg/L 5.0 μg/L 6.0 μg/L " 6.00 μg/L
Arsenic As 0.01 mg/L 10 μg/L 10 μg/L 50 μg/L 10.0 μg/L 0.05 mg/L
Barium Ba 1.3 mg/L ns 2 mg/L " 1.00 mg/L
Benzene 0.01 mg/L 1.0 μg/L 5 μg/L " "
Benzo(a)py
rene
" 0.010 μg/L 0.2 μg/L
0.0028
μg/L
"
Beryllium Be "
Boron B 2.4 mg/L 1.0 mg/L " " 5.00 mg/L 1.0 mg/L
Bromate Br 0.01 mg/L 10 μg/L 10 μg/L " "
Cadmium Cd 0.003 mg/L 5 μg/L 5 μg/L 5 μg/L 5.00 μg/L 0.01 mg/L
Calcium Ca 200 mg/L 75 mg/L
Chromium Cr 0.05 mg/L 50 μg/L 0.1 mg/L
50 μg/L
(Cr6)
0.050 mg/L 0.05 mg/L
Cobalt Co "
Copper Cu 2 mg/L 2.0 mg/L 1.3 mg/L* 1 mg/L 1.00 mg/L 0.05 mg/L
Cyanide CN " 50 μg/L 0.2 mg/L 50 μg/L " 0.05 mg/L

9. Different water quality standards:
Epichloroh
ydrin
" 0.10 μg/L TT** " "
Fluoride F 1.5 mg/L 1.5 mg/L 4 mg/L 1 mg/L " 1.0 mg/L
Gold Au
no limit
listed
hardness CaCO3
0–75 mg/L
= soft
300 mg/L
Iron Fe 0,2 mg/L
0.300 mg/
L
0.3 mg/L
Lanthanu
m
La
no limit
listed
Lead Pb 0.01 mg/L 10 μg/L 15 μg/L* 10 μg/L 10.0 μg/L 0.05 mg/L
Magnesium Mg 50.0 mg/L 30 mg/L
Manganese Mn 0.08 mg/L
0, 05
mg/L
0.050
mg/L
0.1 mg/L
Mercury Hg
0.006
mg/L
1 μg/L 2 μg/L 0.05 μg/L 1.00 μg/L
0.001
mg/L
Molybdenu
m
Mo
no limit
listed
Nickel Ni 0.07 mg/L 20 μg/L " "
no limit
listed
Nitrate 50 mg/L 50 mg/L
10 mg/L
(as N)
10 mg/L
(as N)
" 45 mg/L
Nitrite 3 mg/L 0.50 mg/L
1 mg/L (as
N)
" "
Pesticides
(total)
" 0.50 μg/L " " " Absent
Pesticides

10. pH 6.5 to 8.5 6.5 to 8.5
Phosphorus P
no limit
listed
Polycyclic
aromatic
hydrocarbon
s
" 0.10 μg/L " " "
Potassium K
no limit
listed
Scandium Sc
no limit
listed
Selenium Se 0.04 mg/L 10 μg/L 50 μg/L 10 μg/L 10.0 μg/L 0.01 mg/L
Silicon Si
no limit
listed
Silver Ag 0.1 mg/L 0.050 mg/L
Sodium Na 200 mg/L
Strontium Sr
no limit
listed
Tetrachloro
ethene and
trichloroeth
ene
40 μg/L 10 μg/L " " "
Tin Sn
no limit
listed
Titanium Ti
no limit
listed
Tungsten W
no limit
listed
Uranium U 0.03 mg/L 0.10 mg/L
Vanadium V
no limit
listed
Zinc Zn 5.00 mg/L 5.0 mg/L
vinyl
chloride
0.50 μg/L
chlorides Cl 250 mg/L 250 mg/L
electrical
conductivity
2500 μS/cm
at 20 °C
Total
dissolved
solids
<1000 ppm
Sulphate 200 mg/L

11. Different water quality standards:
reference
1.^ "European Drinking Water Directive". Directorate-General for Environment. Brussels:
European Commission.
2.^ Jump up to:a b "Environmental quality standards for surface water". Archived from the
original on 2018-08-03. Retrieved 2013-02-11.
3.^ Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, Fourth Edition; World Health Organization; 2022
4.^ What is the purpose of drinking water quality guidelines/regulations?. Canada: Safe Drinking
Water Foundation. Pdf. Archived 2011-10-06 at the Wayback Machine
5.^ "Summary of the Safe Drinking Water Act". Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA). 2022-09-12.
6.^ Jump up to:a b Nowicki, Saskia; Birhanu, Behailu; Tanui, Florence; Sule, May N.; Charles,
Katrina; Olago, Daniel; Kebede, Seifu (2023). "Water chemistry poses health risks as reliance on
groundwater increases: A systematic review of hydrogeochemistry research from Ethiopia and
Kenya". Science of the Total Environment. 904:
166929. Bibcode:2023ScTEn.904p6929N. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166929. PMID 37689199.
Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons
Attribution 4.0 International License
7.^ "Health (Drinking Water) Amendment Act 2007". drinkingwater.co.nz. Drinking water for New
Zealand. 2007. Archived from the original on 2012-07-24. Retrieved 2011-08-09.