The document discusses how twentieth century novels were influenced by several factors, including World War I, the rise of science and technology, the growth of democracy and industrialism, and increasing skepticism in religion. It provides context around each of these factors and how they led writers to explore new themes and styles. The document then analyzes novels by Rudyard Kipling and E.M. Forster, noting how their works reflected changing views of British imperialism as the empire declined in the early 1900s.