This document proposes an integrated sensing and drug delivery system for diabetes management using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology. It describes the components of an artificial pancreas including a glucose sensor to detect blood glucose levels, micropumps and microvalves to control fluid flow, and an insulin reservoir to deliver insulin. The glucose sensor uses thin film deposition and photolithography to create sensing electrodes that detect the current from glucose oxidation. Micropumps use deflecting polydimethylsiloxane membranes and pneumatic actuation to induce peristaltic fluid flow through microchannels. This integrated system could help manage the growing prevalence of diabetes, which is expected to affect over 435 million people worldwide by 2030.
7. Component Design Materials Processing GLUCOSE SENSOR Blood flows into the hollow areas inside the sensor.
8. Component Design Materials Working Glucose Sensor To Flow sensor Blood enters Pyrrole is deposited Pt counter electrode Ag reference electrode Pt working electrode Three sensing electrodes, including a working (platinum, Pt), a counter (Pt), and a reference (silver, Ag) electrode, were designed and fabricated by using thin-film deposition process. A constant current (2.483ย ฮผA) was applied to electropolymerizedpyrrole and used to entrap glucose oxidase on the surface of working electrode for electrochemical sensing of glucose. Then the electrochemical process takes place with 0.7 volt of voltage applied to the electrodes
9. Component Design Materials Processing Glucose Oxidase was used to react with the blood glucose to electrochemically measure reaction currents (GOD ๏ Glucose oxidase ) Then, the operation of the glucose sensor is based on electrochemical oxidation of hydrogen peroxide to regenerate oxygen, which thus completes the enzymatic cycle. H2O2ย ->ย 0.7ย Vย Ptย withย Ag/AgClย ->ย 2H+ย +ย O2ย +ย 2eโ The amperometric method is used to convert this second chemical reaction into a current signal And this current signal has a threshold which drives the micro pump in the insulin reservoir **reference 7
10.
11. Can easily be processed using contact lithography
13. Highly transparent in UV region allowing fabrication of relatively thick structuresStep 1: Heated, to remove any water on the surface and then oxidised to form silicon dioxide. Step 2: Wafer is coated with photoresist by spin coating Step 3: Wafer is exposed to UV light through a photomask Step 4: Photoresist can now be stripped off and the oxide layer can be etched away using a suitable etchent Step 5: Now the photoresist is no longer needed and can be removed using a liquid resist stripper
15. Component Design Materials Working Based on hot-film anemometry. Platinum thin-film resistor is used for detecting the varying amounts of current flowing through the chip. The resistors are located in the centre of the oxidised porous silicon diaphragm and the rim of the chip, respectively. When the current is able to overcome the resistance then the flow sensors let the fluid flow. Flow Sensor Flow sensors were composed of Pt and Au (gold) materials with a resistance of 120. The temperature sensitive flow sensors can detect the flow rate based on their resistance change.
17. Why Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) 5 Basis of the upper microfluidic control module consists of micropumps, microvalves and microchannels is a molecule called polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) PDMS is a resilient material, it is an ideal choice for the current pneumatic micropumps, in which the application of compressed air causes the PDMS membranes to deflect peristaltically, hence driving the sample through the microchannel. 6 A Viscoelastic materials At high Temperature At low Temperature
18. Component Design Materials Processing Microfluidic PDMS based microchannel SU-8 photoresist is deposited over a pre treated and etched Silicon subsrate. PDMS layer is then deposited C) Silicon substrate is removed D) Then this pneumatic chip is spread over the silicon substrate, the substrate is lined with PDMS E) Finally the silicon substrate is removed
19. Component Design Materials Working Actuator Device S-shape pneumatic microchannel intersects the fluidic microchannel at various points along its length. Thin PDMS membranes are located at each intersection and are deflected as compressed air travels through the S-shape microchannel. Compressed air travels along the lower S-shape microchannel and causes the PDMS to deflect The time-phased deflection of neighboring membranes induces a peristaltic effect which drives the fluid along the microfluidicmicrochannel.
20. Component Design Materials Processing Actuator Device (1) Spin-on of SU-8 (2) photolithography (3) PDMS casting (4) oxygen plasma treatment and bonding (5) bonding of PDMS and sensor electrodes.
21. Component Design Materials Processing (1) The SU-8 negative thick PR is spun-coated on a silicon wafer. S-shaped micropump (2) A standard lithography process is used to form the SU-8 structured mold. (3) PDMS is poured on the SU-8 microstructure mold and then cured. (4) PDMS inverse structures are formed and mechanically peeled off the mold. (5) A microflow sensor is formed using the standard lithography and E-beam evaporation processes. (6) Oxygen plasma treatment is performed prior to bonding PDMS layers and the glass substrate to form the completed S-shape micropump.
SmartArt custom animation effects: expand and wipe(Intermediate)To reproduce the SmartArt effects on this slide, do the following:On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then clickBlank. On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click SmartArt. In the Choose a SmartArt Graphic dialog box, in the left pane, click Cycle. In the Cycle pane, click Block Cycle (first row, third option from the left), and then click OK to insert the graphic into the slide.Select the graphic, and then click one of the arrows on the left border. In the Type your text here dialog box, enter text.On the slide, select the graphic. Under SmartArtTools, on the Design tab, in the SmartArtStyles group, click More, and then under 3-D click Polished (first row, first option from the left).On the Home tab, in the Font group, select Calibrifrom the Font list, and then select 24 from the Font Size list. To reproduce the animation effects on this slide, do the following:On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click CustomAnimation.On the slide, select the graphic. In the Custom Animation task pane, do the following:Click Add Effect, point to Entrance, and then click More Effects. In the Add Entrance Effect dialog box, under Subtle, click Expand. UnderModify: Expand, in theSpeedlist, selectVery Fast.Also in the Custom Animation task pane, select the expand effect. Click the arrow to the right of the expand effect, and then click Effect Options. In the Expand dialog box, on the SmartArt Animation tab, in the Group graphic list, select One by one.Also in the Custom Animation task pane, click the double arrow under the expand effect to expand the contents of the list of effects.Press and hold CTRL, and then select all 10 animation effects in the Custom Animation task pane. Under Modify: Expand, in the Start list, select After Previous. Press and hold CTRL, and then select the second, fourth, sixth, eighth, and 10th animation effects in the Custom Animation task pane. Click Change, point to Entrance, and then click More Effects. In the Change Entrance Effect dialog box, under Basic, click Wipe. Also in the Custom Animation task pane, do the following:Select the second animation effect (first wipe effect). Under Modify: Wipe, in the Direction list, select From Top.Select the fourth animation effect (second wipe effect). Under Modify: Wipe, in the Direction list, select From Top.Select the sixth animation effect (third wipe effect). Under Modify: Wipe, in the Direction list, select From Right.Select the eighth animation effect (fourth wipe effect). Under Modify: Wipe, in the Direction list, select From Bottom.Select the 10th animation effect (fifth wipe effect). Under Modify: Wipe, in the Direction list, select From Left.To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following:Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Radial.In the Direction list, click From Center (third option from the left). Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1, Darker 50%(sixth row, first option from the left).
SmartArt custom animation effects: horizontal organization chart(Intermediate)Tip: The instructions below describe how to reproduce the exact organization chart and animation effects in the example above. In the animation procedures, the number of animation effects that require modification in the Custom Animation task pane will vary if the chart contains a different number of managers and employees.To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following:On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then clickBlank. On the Design tab, in the Background group, click BackgroundStyles, and then click Style 8 (second row, fourth option from the left). (Note: If this action is taken in a PowerPoint presentation containing more than one slide, the background style will be applied to all of the slides.)To insert and arrange the SmartArt effects on this slide, do the following:On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click SmartArt. In the Choose a SmartArt Graphic dialog box, in the left pane, click Hierarchy. In the Hierarchy pane, click Horizontal Labeled Hierarchy (second row, second option from the left), and then click OK to insert the graphic into the slide.Select the graphic, and then click one of the arrows on the left border. In the Type your text here dialog box, next to the first first-level bullet, enter DIRECTOR (or the name of the director). Next to the bullets for the second-level rectangles, enter MANAGER 1 and MANAGER 2 (or the names of the managers). Also in the Typeyourtext here dialog box, do the following:In the second first-level bullet, enter LEVEL 1.In the third first-level bullet, enter LEVEL 2.In the fourth first-level bullet, enter LEVEL 3.On the slide, do the following to add employee rectangles:Right-click the MANAGER 1 rectangle, point to Add Shape, and then click Add Shape Below. Right-click the MANAGER 2 rectangle, point to Add Shape, and then click Add Shape Below.Select the graphic, and then click one of the arrows on the left border. In the Type your text here dialog box, next to each of the five third-level bullets, enter EMPLOYEE (or the names of the employees).Select the graphic. Under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, click Size, and then do the following:In the Height box, enter6.82โ.In the Width box, enter 9.3โ. Under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, click Arrange, click Align, and then do the following:Click Align to Slide.Click Align Bottom. Click Align Center. Press and hold SHIFT, and then select all of the rectangles in the graphic. Under SmartArtTools, on the Format tab, in the Shapes group, click ChangeShape, and then under Rectangles click SnipDiagonalCornerRectangle (fifth option from the left).Press and hold SHIFT, and then select all three large level rectangles in the graphic. On the LEVEL 1 rectangle, on the middle of the left edge, drag the blue square adjustment handle slightly to the left to increase the width of all three rectangles. Press and hold SHIFT, and then select all of the director, manager, and employee rectangles. On the director rectangle, on the middle of the left edge, drag the blue square adjustment handle slightly to the left to increase the width of all the selected rectangles. If you would like to modify the number of directors, managers, and employees in the chart to match the structure of your organization, do one or more of the following: To add a rectangle within a particular level, right-click one of the rectangles in that level, point to Add Shape, and then click Add Shape After or Add Shape Before. To add a rectangle above another rectangle, right-click the lower-level rectangle, point to Add Shape, and then click Add Shape Above. To add a rectangle below another rectangle, right-click the higher-level rectangle, point to Add Shape, and then click Add Shape Below. To delete a rectangle, select the rectangle and then press DELETE.To add text to new rectangles, select the graphic, and then click one of the arrows on the left border. In the Type your text here dialog box, enter text. To reproduce the LEVEL 1 rectangle effects on this slide, do the following:On the slide, select the LEVEL 1 rectangle. On the Home tab, in the Font group, enter 24 in the Font Size box, click Character Spacing and then click Loose, and then click the arrow next to Font Color and click Blue, Accent 1, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fifth option from the left).On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the FormatShape dialog box launcher. In the FormatShape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Linear.Click the button next to Direction, and then click LinearDown (first row, second option from the left).Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops as follows:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left). Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors clickBlack, Background 1(first row, first option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 100%.Also in the FormatShape dialog box, click LineColor in the left pane, select Gradient line in the LineColor pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Linear.Click the button next to Direction, and then click LinearDown (first row, second option from the left).Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list. Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops as follows:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Blue, Accent 1, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fifth option from the left). Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors clickBlack, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.Also in the FormatShape dialog box, click LineStyle in the left pane. In the LineStyle pane, in the Width box, enter 1.5pt.Also in the FormatShape dialog box, click TextBox in the left pane, and then do the following in the TextBox pane:Under Textlayout, in the Verticalalignment list, select Top. Under Internalmargin, in the Left box, enter 0.19โ.Under Internalmargin, in the Top box, enter 0.4โ.Under Internalmargin, in the Right box, enter 0.19โ.Under Internalmargin, in the Bottom box, enter 0.19โ.To reproduce the LEVEL 2 rectangle effects on this slide, do the following:On the slide, select the LEVEL 2 rectangle. On the Home tab, in the Font group, enter 24 in the Font Size box, click Character Spacing and then click Loose, and then click the arrow next to Font Color and click Purple, Accent 4, Lighter 40% (fourth row, eighth option from the left).On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the FormatShape dialog box launcher. In the FormatShape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Linear.Click the button next to Direction, and then click LinearDown (first row, second option from the left).Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops as follows:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left). Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors clickBlack, Background 1(first row, first option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 100%.Also in the FormatShape dialog box, click LineColor in the left pane, select Gradient line in the LineColor pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Linear.Click the button next to Direction, and then click LinearDown (first row, second option from the left).Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list. Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops as follows:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Purple, Accent 4, Lighter 40% (fourth row, eighth option from the left). Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors clickBlack, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.Also in the FormatShape dialog box, click LineStyle in the left pane. In the LineStyle pane, in the Width box, enter 1.5pt.Also in the FormatShape dialog box, click TextBox in the left pane, and then do the following in the TextBox pane:Under Textlayout, in the Verticalalignment list, select Top. Under Internalmargin, in the Left box, enter 0.19โ.Under Internalmargin, in the Top box, enter 0.4โ.Under Internalmargin, in the Right box, enter 0.19โ.Under Internalmargin, in the Bottom box, enter 0.19โ.To reproduce the LEVEL 3 rectangle effects on this slide, do the following:On the slide, select the LEVEL 3 rectangle. On the Home tab, in the Font group, enter 24 in the Font Size box, click Character Spacing and then click Loose, and then click the arrow next to Font Color and click Olive Green, Accent 3, Lighter 40% (fourth row, seventh option from the left).On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the FormatShape Dialog Box Launcher. In the FormatShape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list select Linear.Click the button next to Direction, and then clickLinearDown (first row, second option from the left).Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops as follows:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left). Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors clickBlack, Background 1(first row, first option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 100%.Also in the FormatShape dialog box, click LineColor in the left pane, select Gradient line in the LineColor pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Linear.Click the button next to Direction, and then click LinearDown (first row, second option from the left).Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list. Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops as follows:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Olive Green, Accent 3, Lighter 40% (fourth row, seventh option from the left). Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors clickBlack, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.Also in the FormatShape dialog box, click LineStyle in the left pane. In the LineStyle pane, in the Width box, enter 1.5pt.Also in the FormatShape dialog box, click TextBox in the left pane, and then do the following in the TextBox pane:Under Textlayout, in the Verticalalignment list, select Top. Under Internalmargin, in the Left box, enter 0.19โ.Under Internalmargin, in the Top box, enter 0.4โ.Under Internalmargin, in the Right box, enter 0.19โ.Under Internalmargin, in the Bottom box, enter 0.19โ.To reproduce the director rectangle effects on this slide, do the following:On the slide, select the director rectangle. Press the RIGHT ARROW key as needed to move the rectangle slightly off the right edge of the LEVEL 1 rectangle.On the Home tab, in the Font group, enter 23 in the FontSize box, and then click TextShadow. On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the FormatShape dialog box launcher. In the FormatShape dialog box, in the left pane, click Fill, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Linear.Click the button next to Direction, and then click LinearDown (first row, second option from the left).Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list. Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops as follows:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Blue, Accent 1, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fifth option from the left). Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors clickBlue , Accent 1, Darker 25% (fifth row, fifth option from the left). Also in the FormatShape dialog box, click LineColor in the left pane. In the LineColor pane, select Solidline, click the button next to Color, and then click Blue, Accent 1, Darker 25% (fifth row, fifth option from the left). Also in the FormatShape dialog box, click LineStyle in the left pane. In the LineStyle pane, in the Width box, enter 1 pt.Also in the FormatShape dialog box, click Shadow in the left pane. In the Shadow pane, click the button next to Presets, and then under Outer click OffsetCenter (second row, second option from the left).To reproduce the manager rectangle effects on this slide, do the following:Press and hold SHIFT, and then select the manager rectangles. Press the RIGHT ARROW key as needed to move the manager rectangles slightly off the right edge of the LEVEL 2 rectangle.On the Home tab, in the Font group, enter 23 pt in the FontSize box, and then click TextShadow. On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the FormatShape dialog box launcher. In the FormatShape dialog box, in the left pane, click Fill, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Linear.Click the button next to Direction, and then click LinearDown (first row, second option from the left).Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list. Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops as follows:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Purple, Accent 4, Lighter 40% (fourth row, eighth option from the left). Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors clickPurple , Accent 4, Darker 25% (fifth row, eighth option from the left). Also in the FormatShape dialog box, click LineColor in the left pane. In the LineColor pane, select Solidline, click the button next to Color, and then clickPurple, Accent 4, Darker 25% (fifth row, eighth option from the left).Also in the FormatShape dialog box, click LineStyle in the left pane. In the LineStyle pane, in the Width box, enter 1 pt. Also in the FormatShape dialog box, click Shadow in the left pane. In the Shadow pane, click the button next to Presets , and then under Outer click OffsetCenter (second row, second option from the left). To reproduce the employee rectangle effects on this slide, do the following:Press and hold SHIFT, and then select the employee rectangles. Press the RIGHT ARROW key as needed to move the employee rectangles slightly off the right edge of the LEVEL 3 rectangle.On the Home tab, in the Font group, enter 23 pt in the FontSize box, and then click TextShadow. On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the FormatShape dialog box launcher. In the FormatShape dialog box, in the left pane, click Fill, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Linear.Click the button next to Direction, and then click LinearDown (first row, second option from the left).Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list. Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops as follows:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Olive Green, Accent 3, Lighter 40% (fourth row, seventh option from the left). Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors clickOlive Green, Accent 3, Darker 25% (fifth row, seventh option from the left). Also in the FormatShape dialog box, click LineColor in the left pane. In the LineColor pane, select Solidline, click the button next to Color, and then clickPurple, Accent 4, Darker 25% (fifth row, eighth option from the left).Also in the FormatShape dialog box, click LineStyle in the left pane. In the LineStyle pane, in the Width box, enter 1 pt. Also in the FormatShape dialog box, click Shadow in the left pane. In the Shadow pane, click the button next to Presets , and then under Outer click OffsetCenter (second row, second option from the left). To vertically position the director, manager, and employee rectangles on the slide, do the following:Press and hold SHIFT, and then select the top three employee rectangles. Press the UP ARROW key as needed to move the rectangles up, just below the Level 3 text box.Select the MANAGER 1 rectangle. Press the UP ARROW key as needed to move this rectangle up slightly, to realign the connecting lines to the top three employee rectangles. Select the director rectangle. Press the UP ARROW key as needed to move this rectangle up slightly, to realign the connecting lines to the manager rectangles. To reproduce the line effects on this slide, do the following:Press and hold SHIFT, and then select all of the connecting lines. On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of theDrawing group, click the FormatShape dialog box launcher. In the FormatShape dialog box, in the left pane, click LineColor, select Solid line in the LineColor pane, and then do the following:Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors clickWhite, Text 1 (first row, second option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 80%. Also in the FormatShape dialog box, click LineStyle in the left pane. In the LineStyle pane, do the following:In the Width box, enter 2.5 pt.In the Dashtype list select RoundDot (second option from the top).To reproduce the animation effects for the rectangles on this slide, do the following:On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click CustomAnimation.On the slide, select the graphic. In the CustomAnimationtask pane, do the following:Click the arrow next to AddEffect, point to Entrance, and then click MoreEffects. In the AddEntranceEffect dialog box, under Moderate, click Descend.Under Modify: Descend, in the Speed list, select Fast. Also in the Custom Animation task pane, select the animation effect (descend effect). Click the arrow to the right of the effect, and then click EffectOptions. In the Descend dialog box, on the SmartArtAnimation tab, in the Group graphic list, select By level one by one. Also in the Custom Animation task pane, click the double arrow under the animation effect to expand the contents of the list of effects, and then do the following:Press and hold CTRL, and then select the first four animationeffects (descend effects). Under Modify: Descend, in the Start list, select WithPrevious.Select the first animation effect. Click the arrow to the right of the effect, and then click Timing. In the Descend dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 2.Select the second animation effect. ClickChange, point to Entrance, and then click MoreEffects. In the ChangeEntranceEffect dialog box, under Moderate, click RiseUp.Select the third animation effect, and then do the following: Click Change, point to Entrance, and then click MoreEffects. In the ChangeEntranceEffect dialog box, under Moderate,click RiseUp.Click the arrow to the right of the effect (rise up entrance effect), and then click Timing. In the RiseUp dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 0.5.Select the fourth animation effect, and then do the following:Click Change, point to Entrance, and then click MoreEffects. In the ChangeEntranceEffect dialog box, under Moderate, click RiseUp.Click the arrow to the right of the effect, and then click Timing. In the RiseUp dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 1. To reproduce the animation effects for the connecting lines on this slide, do the following:Press and hold CTRL, and then select the fifth and ninth animation effects (descend entrance effects) in the Custom Animation task pane. Click Change, point to Entrance, and then click MoreEffects. In the ChangeEntranceEffect dialog box, under Basic, click Wipe. Under Modify: Wipe, do the following:In the Start list, select OnClick. In the Direction list, select FromLeft.In the Speed list, select Fast.Press and hold CTRL, and then select the seventh and 11th animation effects (descend entrance effects). Click Change, point to Entrance, and then click MoreEffects. In the ChangeEntranceEffect dialog box, under Basic, click Wipe. Under Modify: Wipe, do the following:In the Start list, select With Previous.In the Direction list, select FromLeft.In the Speed list, select Fast.With the seventh and 11th animation effects still selected, click the arrow to the right of the eleventh effect (wipe entrance effect), and then click Timing. In the Wipe dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 0.5.Select the eighth animation effect (descend entrance effect). Click the arrow to the right of the effect, and then click Timing. In the Descend dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 0.5. Press and hold CTRL, and then select the 13th, 15th, and 17th animation effects (descend entrance effects). Click Change, point to Entrance, and then click MoreEffects. In the ChangeEntranceEffects dialog box, under Basic, click Wipe. Under Modify: Wipe, do the following:In the Start list, select WithPrevious.In the Direction list, select FromLeft.In the Speed list, select Fast.Select the 13th animation effect (wipe entrance effect). Click the arrow to the right of the effect, and then click Timing. In the Wipe dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 1. Select the 15th animation effect (wipe entrance effect). Click the arrow to the right of the effect, and then click Timing. In the Wipe dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 1.5. Select the 17th animation effect (wipe entrance effect). Click the arrow to the right of the effect and select Timing. In the Wipe dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box enter 2 seconds. Select the 12th, 14th, 16th, and 18th animation effects (descend entrance effects). Under Modify: Descend, in the Start list, select WithPrevious.
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