This document contains a series of questions and explanations about topics in human geography from Chapter 9 of the 10th edition of the textbook "The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography". The questions cover topics such as changes in economic sectors in more and less developed countries, Rostow's model of economic development stages, approaches to development, factors used in calculating development indices, foreign debt, structural adjustment programs, and the role and functions of the World Trade Organization.

1. The Cultural Landscape:
An Introduction to Human
Geography
10th Edition
Classroom Response System
Questions
Chapter 9
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2. 09-01 Regarding sector employment in MDCs and LDCs
over the last 100 years, it is true that:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
the primary sector has increased in MDCs.
the tertiary sector has decreased in MDCs.
the primary sector has trended slightly lower in LDCs.
the tertiary sector has increased in LDCs.
the secondary sector has decreased in LDCs.
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3. 09-01 Regarding sector employment in MDCs and LDCs
over the last 100 years, it is true that:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
the primary sector has increased in MDCs.
the tertiary sector has decreased in MDCs.
the primary sector has trended slightly lower in LDCs.
the tertiary sector has increased in LDCs.
the secondary sector has decreased in LDCs.
Explanation: Changes in agriculture and mining, e.g.,
engineered seeds, machinery, and irrigation, have begun to
displace LDC workers from the primary sector.
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4. 09-01
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5. 09-02 According to Rostow’s development model, a
country with a lot of heavy industry that uses modern
technology is in
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
stage 1, traditional society.
stage 2, preconditions to takeoff.
stage 3, takeoff.
stage 4, drive to maturity.
stage 5, age of mass consumption.
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6. 09-02 According to Rostow’s development model, a
country with a lot of heavy industry that uses modern
technology is in
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
stage 1, traditional society.
stage 2, preconditions to takeoff.
stage 3, takeoff.
stage 4, drive to maturity.
stage 5, age of mass consumption.
Explanation: Heavy industry is the hallmark of Rostow’s
fourth stage.
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7. 09-03 The self-sufficiency approach to development
A. has been supported by the United States.
B. relies on free trade with more developed countries.
C. has been the preferred approach for economic
development over the last two decades.
D. frequently suffers from inefficiency.
E. relies on market forces with little guidance from
government.
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8. 09-03 The self-sufficiency approach to development
A. has been supported by the United States.
B. relies on free trade with more developed countries.
C. has been the preferred approach for economic
development over the last two decades.
D. frequently suffers from inefficiency.
E. relies on market forces with little guidance from
government.
Explanation: Economies seeking self-sufficiency often
suffer from the related problems of large bureaucracies and
inefficiency.
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9. 09-04 Which of the following is among the factors
considered when calculating a country’s Human
Development Index score?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
average affluence rate
crude birth rate
literacy rate
sulfate emissions per capita
telephones per capita
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10. 09-04 Which of the following is among the factors
considered when calculating a country’s Human
Development Index score?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
average affluence rate
crude birth rate
literacy rate
sulfate emissions per capita
telephones per capita
Explanation: A country’s HDI score is based on four
factors: GDP, literacy, education, and life expectancy.
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11. 09-04
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12. 09-05 Foreign debt as a percentage of income is highest in
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Africa.
East Asia.
Eastern Europe.
Middle East.
South America.
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13. 09-05 Foreign debt as a percentage of income is highest in
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Africa.
East Asia.
Eastern Europe.
Middle East.
South America.
Explanation: While South American countries have
accumulated the largest debts, the ratio of debt to annual
income is highest in Africa.
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14. 09-05
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15. 09-06 Which of the following is among the factors
considered when calculating a country’s Gender
Empowerment Measure?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
number of women in elite professional sports
balance of women to men working as real estate agents
media image fairness
number of women elected to government
access to family planning and abortion
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16. 09-06 Which of the following is among the factors
considered when calculating a country’s Gender
Empowerment Measure?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
number of women in elite professional sports
balance of women to men working as real estate agents
media image fairness
number of women elected to government
access to family planning and abortion
Explanation: GEM reflects women’s access to power and
decision making.
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17. 09-06
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18. 09-07 Structural adjustment programs
A. promote greater transparency in government
development planning and spending.
B. arrange for structural engineers to consult in LDCs.
C. are designed and implemented by community focus
groups.
D. have been criticized for spending scarce development
funds inefficient industries.
E. seek to align the interests of farmers and consumers
through fair trade labeling.
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19. 09-07 Structural adjustment programs
A. promote greater transparency in government
development planning and spending.
B. arrange for structural engineers to consult in LDCs.
C. are designed and implemented by community focus
groups.
D. have been criticized for spending scarce development
funds inefficient industries.
E. seek to align the interests of farmers and consumers
through fair trade labeling.
Explanation: The IMF, World Bank, and MDCs commonly
require structural adjustment programs before making or
adjusting loans.
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20. 09-08 In terms of economic sectors, Wal-Mart has an
effect on the
A. primary sector as one of the largest purchasers of
agricultural goods.
B. secondary sector because of the factories it owns
around the world.
C. secondary sector because of the way it manages its
farms, forests, and mines.
D. tertiary sector because of its recent expansion into steel
and auto production.
E. tertiary sector because it pays higher wages than other
service sector employers.
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21. 09-08 In terms of economic sectors, Wal-Mart has an
effect on the
A. primary sector as one of the largest purchasers of
agricultural goods.
B. secondary sector because of the factories it owns
around the world.
C. secondary sector because of the way it manages its
farms, forests, and mines.
D. tertiary sector because of its recent expansion into steel
and auto production.
E. tertiary sector because it pays higher wages than other
service sector employers.
Explanation: Wal-Mart, the second largest grocer in the
U.S., has an effect on all three economic sectors.
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22. 09-09 The Gender-Related Development Index is lowest in
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
East Asia.
Eastern Europe.
North America.
South America.
Sub-Saharan Africa.
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23. 09-09 The Gender-Related Development Index is lowest in
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
East Asia.
Eastern Europe.
North America.
South America.
Sub-Saharan Africa.
Explanation: Like HDI, GDI combines measures of
income, literacy, education, and life expectancy in order to
discern where women are treated as well as men.
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24. 09-09
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25. 09-10 All of the following statements about the World
Trade Organization are true, except
A. it promotes capitalist economic development.
B. its member states account for roughly 70 percent of
world trade.
C. it seeks to lower tariffs.
D. it adjudicates accusations of unfair trade practices.
E. critics charge it is anti-democratic and compromises
sovereignty.
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26. 09-10 All of the following statements about the World
Trade Organization are true, except
A. it promotes capitalist economic development.
B. its member states account for roughly 70 percent of
world trade.
C. it seeks to lower tariffs.
D. it adjudicates accusations of unfair trade practices.
E. critics charge it is anti-democratic and compromises
sovereignty.
Explanation: WTO members account for nearly 100% of
world trade.
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