IT IS AN ENGLISH LESSON THAT DEALS WITH HOW YOU CONSTRUCT AN EFFECTIVE PARAGRAPHS WITH TOPIC SENTENCES AND SUPPORTING DETAILS. AND ALSO IT COVER THE CHARACTERISTICS OF AN EFFECTIVE PARAGRAPHS AND ORGANIZING TECHNIQUES FOR YOU TO ORGANIZE YOU PARAGRAPHS VERY WELL. FINALLY, SIGNAL DEVICES, MAKES YOUR PARAGRAPHS MORE THOUGHTFUL.

1. 03 SEPTEMBER 2024
Presented by:
READING AND WRITHING
SKILLS
ENGLISH 2
With Topic
Sentences and
Supporting Details
Paragraphs
Developing
Effective

2. Table of
Contents
03 SEPTEMBER 2024
Presented by: Arhaida
Tamano
READING AND WRITHING
SKILLS
ENGLISH 2

3. Introducti
on

4. Introduction
Writing an essay is akin to constructing a
building. Just as monumental structures
like the Pyramids of Egypt or the Great Wall
of China were built brick by brick, a well-
written essay is crafted paragraph by
paragraph. Each paragraph must be
carefully planned and organized to
contribute to the overall structure and
coherence of the essay.

5. Paragrap
What is

6. Paragraph?
What is
A paragraph is a group of
sentences that deals with one
particular idea. Paragraphs are
defined by the point that they
support the controlling idea, and
not just by how long they are.

7. Paragraph?
What is
An effective Paragraph contains:
 Topic sentence
 Supporting sentences
 Logical Flow
 Concluding idea

8. Paragraph?
What is
Regular exercise provides numerous
benefits beyond physical health. Activities like
jogging, swimming, or cycling improve
cardiovascular health by strengthening the heart
and increasing blood circulation. Exercise also
enhances mental well-being by reducing anxiety
and depression, promotes better sleep, and boosts
energy levels through the release of endorphins. By
incorporating various forms of exercise into their
routine, individuals can experience a holistic
improvement in their quality of life. Regular exercise

9. Parts of a
Paragraph:
The Topic Sentences

10. Topic Sentence
A topic sentence is a sentence, or sometimes a
phrase that expresses the main idea of a text,
mostly a paragraph. It tells the reader the main idea of
the paragraph and indicates what the writer plans to
propose, argue, or explain. A good topic sentence is clear,
concise, and gives the reader a strong sense of the
paragraph’s purpose.
Parts of a Paragraph: The Topic
Sentences

11. Parts of a Paragraph: The Topic
Sentences
Regular exercise has numerous benefits for
both physical and mental health. Physically, it helps
to maintain a healthy weight, strengthens muscles
and bones, and improves cardiovascular health.
Mentally, exercise can reduce stress, anxiety, and
depression by releasing endorphins, which are natural
mood lifters. Additionally, regular physical activity can
improve sleep quality and boost overall energy levels,
making it easier to stay productive throughout the
day. Regular exercise is a simple yet powerful way to

12. Implied Topic Sentence
The main idea of a paragraph is not
directly stated in a single sentence
but instead is suggested through the
details, descriptions, or examples in
the paragraph.
Parts of a Paragraph: The Topic
Sentences

13. Parts of a Paragraph: The Topic
Sentences
Heaving herself up the stairs, Luella had to pause
for breath several times. She let out a wheeze as she
sat down heavily in the wooden rocking chair. Tao
approached her cautiously, as if she might crumble
at the slightest touch. He studied her face, like
parchment; stretched across the bones so finely he
could almost see right through the skin to the
decaying muscle underneath. Luella smiled a
toothless grin.

14. Parts of a
Paragraph:
The Supporting
Details

15. SUPPORTING DETAILS
Supporting details are the elements in a text that
give additional information to back up the main
idea. Their role is to make the main idea clearer,
more convincing, and more engaging.
Parts of a Paragraph:
The Supporting
Details

16. Parts of a Paragraph:The Supporting
Details
Regular exercise has numerous benefits for both
physical and mental health. Physically, it helps to
maintain a healthy weight, strengthens muscles and
bones, and improves cardiovascular health. Mentally,
exercise can reduce stress, anxiety, and depression by
releasing endorphins, which are natural mood lifters.
Additionally, regular physical activity can improve sleep
quality and boost overall energy levels, making it easier to
stay productive throughout the day. Regular exercise is a
simple yet powerful way to improve your health and
happiness.

17. Characteristics
of an Effective
Paragrap

18. Characteristics of an
Effective
Paragraph
1. Unity- ensure all sentences in the paragraph support the main
idea presented in the topic sentence.
2. Adequate Development- the paragraph should provide
enough information to fully explain or support the main idea.
This includes using specific details, examples, facts, and
explanations.
3. Coherence- the sentences should flow logically from one to
the next, making the paragraph easy to read and understand.
This can be achieved through the use of transition words and
phrases, as well as a logical order of ideas

19. Organizing
Techniques:

20. 3
2
1
Details of
paragraph can be
organized
according to:
Chronologic
al
Order
Spatial
Order
Emphatic
Order
Organizing Details of a
Paragraph:

21. 3
2
1
Details of
paragraph can be
organized
according to:
Chronological
Order Spatial
Order
Emphatic
Order
-Events are arranged
in order they occur.
-details are arranged to
emphasize certain points,
often starting with the least
important and ending with the
most important
-When the sentence
of a paragraph are
arranged according to
their location.
Organizing Details of a
Paragraph:

22. SIGNAL
DEVICES

23. SIGNAL DEVICES
1. Transitions: These are words or phrases that help connect
ideas within a paragraph, making the flow of thought smooth
and logical. Here are some types of transitions:
o Time: (e.g., first, immediately, afterward, before, at the same
time, after, earlier, simultaneously, finally, next, in the
meantime, later, eventually, then, meanwhile, now,
subsequently).
o Sequence: (e.g., moreover, furthermore, next, also, finally, last,
another, first, second, third, besides, additionally).
o Space: (e.g., above, next to, below, behind, beside).
o Illustration: (e.g., for instance, specifically, for example,
namely, in this case, to illustrate).

24. SIGNAL DEVICES
o Comparison: (e.g., similarly, also, in the same way, still, likewise, in
comparison, too).
o Contrast: (e.g., but, despite, however, even though, yet, on the other hand,
although, on the contrary, otherwise, conversely).
o Cause and Effect: (e.g., because, as a result, consequently, then, so,
since).
o Conclusion: (e.g., thus, therefore, in conclusion, in short).
2. Repetitions: Repeating key ideas or phrases helps reinforce the main
points and maintain continuity throughout the paragraph.
3. Synonyms: Using words with similar meanings to avoid redundancy and
keep the writing engaging.
4. Pronouns: Words like he, she, it, they that refer back to previously
mentioned nouns, helping to avoid redundancy and maintain coherence.
5. Parallelism: Using similar grammatical structures for related ideas, which
makes the writing more readable and rhythmic.

25. SIGNAL DEVICES
THANK YOU
FOR
LISTENING!