The lesson will cover liquid,powder and paste detergent

1. DETERGENT

2.  Detergents are synthetic products that
facilitate the formation of foam,
 the emulsification of one liquid in another or
 the wetting down of a solid surface by a liquid.
INTRODUCTION DETERGENT

3. OBJECTIVES
• At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
• Define and use term related to detergent such as
1.SURFACTANTS
2.BUILDERS
3.ALKALIS/filler
4.ANTI-REDEPOSITION AGENTS
5.ENZYMES
6.BLEACHES
7.ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
8.FABRIC SOFTENERS
9.OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS
10.FOAM REGULATORS
12.CORROSION INHIBITORS
13.FRAGRANCES
14.PRESERVATIVES
15.HYDROTROPES
16.PROCESSING AIDS

4. OBJECTIVES
• Determine why and when the above term used
and their role in detergent
• Differentiate 3 types of detergent such as
Liquid, powder and Paste detergent
• Formulating your own different detergent
• make homemade process
• Quality control of detergent based on East
African and Rwandan standard

5. 1.SURFACTANTS
• Material helps to reduce the surface tension
of the washing solution
• reduce the adhesive force of the stains to the
clothes.
• In other word, it is to help to make it easier to
remove the stains from the clothes when
rubbing with hands or washing machine.

6. 1.1 Role of SURFACTANTS
• Multiple roles including perform three major
roles:
• penetrating and wetting fabric
• loosening soils
• emulsifying soils and keeping them
suspended in the wash solution

7. 1.2 Classes of detergents
• The three main classes being anionic, neutral,
and cationic detergents
1.2.1 Anionic surfactants
• Anionic surfactants are the most common
surfactants in detergents.
Examples: Linear alkyl sulfonates (LAS), alkyl aryl
sulfonates such as dodecylbenzene sulfonate
(DDBS), and alcohol ether sulfates such as sodium
lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) ungalon as per
commercial name.

8. 1.2.2. Non-ionic surfactants
• Non-ionic surfactants have a neutral (non-polar)
head group, and so are not deactivated by ions
(charged particles) in hard water.
• They are often used in conjunction with anionic
surfactants.
examples are alcohol ethoxylates.

9. 1.2.3 Cationic surfactants
• Cationic surfactants have a positively charged
polar head group.
• These surfactants are generally not the
primary cleaning agent, but are used in fabric
softeners and as mild antibacterial agents

10. To be continued

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