This document discusses the topic of design. It begins with an introduction that defines design as a plan or specification for constructing an object or system. It then discusses designing, noting that designers produce designs in their area of practice. The history of design is then covered, noting debates around what constitutes early design and the development of design history as an academic field. Finally, it discusses design education, highlighting some early institutions of design education in the 18th and 19th centuries.

1. DESIGN
Harsh Arora

2. INDEX
Introduction
Designing
History of Design
Design Education
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3. TOPIC ONE
Introduction

4. A design is a plan or specification for the construction of an object or
system or for the implementation of an activity or process or the result
of that plan or specification in the form of a prototype, product, or
process. The verb to design expresses the process of developing a
design. In some cases, the direct construction of an object without an
explicit prior plan (such as in craftwork, some engineering, coding, and
graphic design) may also be considered to be a design activity. The
design usually has to satisfy certain goals and constraints; may take
into account aesthetic, functional, economic, or socio-political
considerations; and is expected to interact with a certain environment.
Typical examples of designs include architectural and engineering
drawings, circuit diagrams, sewing patterns and less tangible artefacts
such as business process models.
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5. Cutlery designed by architect and designer Zaha
Hadid (2007). The slightly oblique end part of the fork
and the spoons, as well as the knife handle, are
examples of designing for both aesthetic form and
practical function.
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6. TOPIC TWO
Designing

7. People who produce designs are called designers.
The term 'designer' generally refers to someone who works professionally in one of
the various design areas.
Within the professions, the word 'designer' is generally qualified by the area of
practice (so one may be, for example, a fashion designer, a product designer, a web
designer, or an interior designer), but it can also designate others such as architects
and engineers (see below: Types of designing).
A designer's sequence of activities to produce a design is called a design process,
using design thinking and possibly design methods. The process of creating a design
can be brief (a quick sketch) or lengthy and complicated, involving considerable
research, negotiation, reflection, modeling, interactive adjustment, and re-design.
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8. TOPIC THREE
History of Design

9. 9
• Study of the history of design is complicated by varying
interpretations of what constitutes ‘designing’.
• Many design historians, such as John Heskett, start with the
Industrial Revolution and the development of mass production.
Others subscribe to conceptions of design that include pre-industrial
objects and artefacts, beginning their narratives of design in
prehistorical times.
• Originally situated within art history, the historical development of
the discipline of design history coalesced in the 1970s, as interested
academics worked to recognize design as a separate and legitimate
target for historical research.

10. TOPIC FOUR
Design Education

11. • Institutions for design education date back to the nineteenth
century.
• The Norwegian National Academy of Craft and Art Industry was
founded in 1818, followed by the United Kingdom's Government
School of Design (1837), Contrack in Sweden (1844), and
Rhode Island School of Design in the United States (1877).
• Design education covers the teaching of theory, knowledge and
values in the design of products, services and environments,
and focusses on the development of both particular and general
skills for designing.
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