The document discusses principles of contrast and emphasis in design. Contrast uses opposing qualities like black/white or organic/geometric placed next to each other to make one stand out. High contrast makes a work more vibrant while low contrast is more subtle. Emphasis guides the viewer's eye to the area of interest through techniques like isolation, leading lines, contrast in value, large size, central placement, framing, depth of field, or having no clear focal point. These principles help designers determine where to direct a viewer's attention in a work.