1) Decolonization occurred for several reasons including the desire for independence from colonial powers, the emergence of national identities, loss of prestige among colonial powers, and growing international opposition to colonialism. 2) India gained independence from Britain in 1947 through non-violent movements led by Gandhi. 3) Many Asian and African colonies also fought for and gained independence after World War 2, encouraged by the success of Asian independence movements. African countries now also sought freedom from colonial rule.