The document discusses deploying a blockchain web application using Hyperledger Fabric. It begins by introducing key concepts like blockchain vocabulary, the difference between public and private blockchains, and the architecture of a Hyperledger Fabric solution. It then covers the components of a Hyperledger Fabric network, including peers, smart contracts, the ledger, and client applications. It provides an example of how a smart contract updates the world state and an example use case of an e-voting application on the blockchain.

1. Deploy a blockchain web-app
with Hyperledger Fabric
Horea Porutiu
Advisory Software Engineer, IBM
July 2019
Blockchain Architected
Blockchain Explored
Blockchain Solutions
Blockchain Composed
Next Steps
Blockchain Explained
IBM Blockchain Platform

2. 2
By a show of hands…
1. Understands how blockchains work?
2. Know what Hyperledger Fabric is?
3. Developed a smart contract?
4. Developed a dapp?
5. Deployed a network to production?
✋🏼
⛓

3. 3
What you will learn
1. Blockchain vocabulary 📖

4. 4
What you will learn
1. Blockchain vocabulary
2. A use-case of blockchain
📖
✅

5. 5
What you will learn
1. Blockchain vocabulary
2. A use-case of blockchain
3. Architecture behind a Hyperledger Fabric solution
📖
✅
🚧

6. 6
What you will learn
1. Blockchain vocabulary
2. A use-case of blockchain
3. Architecture behind a Hyperledger Fabric solution
4. Difference between the world state and the ledger
📖
✅
🚧
📒

7. 7
What you will learn
1. Blockchain vocabulary
2. A use-case of blockchain
3. Architecture behind a Hyperledger Fabric solution
4. Difference between the world state and the ledger
5. Difference between public and private blockchains
📖
✅
🚧
📒
🔓

8. 8
What you will learn
1. Blockchain vocabulary
2. A use-case of blockchain
3. Architecture behind a Hyperledger Fabric solution
4. Difference between the world state and the ledger
5. Difference between public and private blockchains
6. How a client application invokes a smart contract
📖
✅
🚧
📒
🔓
🏼

9. 9
Security: Public vs. private blockchains
•Bitcoin
•Users treated equally
•Identity is anonymous
Public blockchains

10. 10
Security: Public vs. private blockchains
•Bitcoin
•Users treated equally
•Identity is anonymous
Public blockchains Private blockchains
•Hyperledger Fabric,
Quorum
•Network members
known, transactions can
be secret

11. 11
Security: Public vs. private blockchains
• Identity management (anonymous vs. known)
•Bitcoin
•Users treated equally
•Identity is anonymous
Public blockchains Private blockchains
•Hyperledger Fabric,
Quorum
•Network members
known, transactions can
be secret

12. 12
Security: Public vs. private blockchains
• Identity management (anonymous vs. known)
• Most business use-cases require private, permissioned blockchains
– Network members know who they’re dealing with (KYC)
– Membership is controlled
•Bitcoin
•Users treated equally
•Identity is anonymous
Public blockchains Private blockchains
•Hyperledger Fabric,
Quorum
•Network members
known, transactions can
be secret

13. 13
A ledger often consists of two data structures
• Blockchain
o A linked list of blocks
o Each block describes a set of transactions
(e.g. the inputs to a smart contract invocation)
o Immutable – blocks cannot be tampered
block
txn txn txn
Blockchain

14. 14
A ledger often consists of two data structures
• Blockchain
o A linked list of blocks
o Each block describes a set of transactions
(e.g. the inputs to a smart contract invocation)
o Immutable – blocks cannot be tampered
• World State
o An ordinary database (e.g. key/value store)
o Stores the combined outputs of all transactions
o CAN deleteWorld state
block
txn txn txn
Blockchain

15. 15
Block detail (simplified)
-New blocks always added to the end
Block 16
Prev Block Hash:
57ec2fda71
Block Hash:
87ea2ffe94
Block Hash:
57ec2fda71
Block 15
Prev Block Hash:
d68b2f0a3b
Block 17
Prev Block Hash:
87ea2ffe94
Block Hash:
44bf2efe32
Transaction
Transaction
Transaction
Transaction
Transaction
Transaction
…
…

16. 16
Block detail (simplified)
-New blocks always added to the end
-Each block header includes a hash of the current block transactions
and the previous block’s transactions
Block 16
Prev Block Hash:
57ec2fda71
Block Hash:
87ea2ffe94
Block Hash:
57ec2fda71
Block 15
Prev Block Hash:
d68b2f0a3b
Block 17
Prev Block Hash:
87ea2ffe94
Block Hash:
44bf2efe32
Transaction
Transaction
Transaction
Transaction
Transaction
Transaction
…
…

17. 17
What is Hyperledger Fabric
• Platform for distributed ledger solutions
📒

18. 18
What is Hyperledger Fabric
• Platform for distributed ledger solutions
• Open Source
– Contributions by hundreds of engineers from tens of
organizations
📒
👨🏼💻👩🏼💻

19. 19
What is Hyperledger Fabric
• Platform for distributed ledger solutions
• Open Source
– Contributions by hundreds of engineers from tens of
organizations
• Features
– Smart Contracts (updates the ledger)
– Consensus (synch ledger across network)
– Privacy (channels)
🔒
📒
👨🏼💻👩🏼💻

20. 20
Blockchain
User
Membership
Services
Blockchain
Developer
Blockchain
Network
Operator
Blockchain
B2B transactions
access to logic
access to data
creates
applications
operates
accesses
security
certificates
Regulator
performs
oversight
Traditional
Data
Sources
Traditional
Processing
Platforms
R
U
D
O

Blockchain
Architect
A
designs
Actors in a blockchain solution

21. 21
The blockchain developer
Blockchain
Developer
D
f(abc);
Smart
Contract
Blockchain developers’ primary interests are…
Application

22. 22
Ledger
…
The blockchain developer
Blockchain
Developer
D
f(abc);
Smart
Contract
Blockchain developers’ primary interests are…
…and how they interact with the ledger and other systems of record:
Systems
IntegrationEvents
!
Traditional
Data
Sources
Traditional
Processing
Platforms
Application

23. 23
Components in a blockchain solution
Ledger List of transactions maintained by peers…

24. 24
Components in a blockchain solution
Smart
Contract
Ledger List of transactions maintained by peers
f(abc); Software running on peer, updates the world state
…

25. 25
Components in a blockchain solution
Smart
Contract
Peer
Network
Ledger List of transactions maintained by peers
f(abc); Software running on peer, updates the world state
…
Network which reaches consensus to add blocks

26. 26
Components in a blockchain solution
Membership
Smart
Contract
Peer
Network
Ledger List of transactions maintained by peers
f(abc); Software running on peer, updates the world state
…
E T
Network which reaches consensus to add blocks
Authenticates and manages identities on network

27. 27
Components in a blockchain solution
Membership
Smart
Contract
Events
Peer
Network
Ledger List of transactions maintained by peers
f(abc); Software running on peer, updates the world state
…
E T
Network which reaches consensus to add blocks
Authenticates and manages identities on network
Emits notifications of operations on network!

28. 28
Components in a blockchain solution
Membership
Smart
Contract
Systems
Management
Events
Peer
Network
Ledger List of transactions maintained by peers
f(abc); Software running on peer, updates the world state
…
E T
Network which reaches consensus to add blocks
Authenticates and manages identities on network
Emits notifications of operations on network
Enables us to create/monitor blockchain componentsi
!

29. 29
Components in a blockchain solution
Membership
Smart
Contract
Systems
Management
Events
Peer
Network
Wallet
Ledger List of transactions maintained by peers
f(abc); Software running on peer, updates the world state
…
E T
Network which reaches consensus to add blocks
Authenticates and manages identities on network
Emits notifications of operations on network
Enables us to create/monitor blockchain components
Securely manages a user’s credentials
i
!

30. 30
Components in a blockchain solution
Membership
Smart
Contract
Systems
Management
Events
Peer
Network
Wallet
Ledger List of transactions maintained by peers
f(abc); Software running on peer, updates the world state
…
E T
Network which reaches consensus to add blocks
Authenticates and manages identities on network
Emits notifications of operations on network
Enables us to create/monitor blockchain components
Securely manages a user’s credentials
i
Systems
Integration Integrate blockchain with eternal systems
!

31. 31
Smart Contracts
Smart Contracts contain the business logic deployed to peers

32. 32
Smart Contracts
Smart Contracts contain the business logic deployed to peers
• Interact with the world state through the Fabric shim interface

33. 33
Smart Contracts
Smart Contracts contain the business logic deployed to peers
• Interact with the world state through the Fabric shim interface
• Language support for:
– Golang
– Node.js
– Java

34. 34
Smart Contracts
Smart Contracts contain the business logic deployed to peers
• Interact with the world state through the Fabric shim interface
• Language support for:
– Golang
– Node.js
– Java
Smart
ContractPeer
Client
Application
SDK
Invoke()
Admin
Install
Instantiate
Init()

35. 35
Client Application
Client applications use Fabric SDK to:
• Connects over channels to peer and
orderer nodes
• Provide public / private keys ! Events
Channels
Client
Application SDK
🔑

36. 36
Client Application
Client applications use Fabric SDK to:
• Connects over channels to peer and
orderer nodes
• Provide public / private keys
Connection Profile
• Network end-points and connection
parameters
• The gateway to submit transactions to
a Hyperledger Fabric network
! Events
Channels
Client
Application SDK
Local MSP
• Connection Parms
• Credential Store
• Channels
• Organisations
• Orderers
• Peers
• CAs
Connection Profile
🔑

37. 37
Blockchain
developer
Smart
Contract
submitsdevelops
develops
recorded
accesses
event
emits
emits
D
Ledger
‘get’, ‘put’,
‘delete’
Client
Application
SDK
!
!
World state
block
txn txn txn
Blockchain
Peer
event
How applications interact with the ledger

38. 38
Sample blockchain use-case: e-voting

39. 39
Components in an e-voting blockchain solution
Ledger The ledger containing history of submitted votes…

40. 40
Components in an e-voting blockchain solution
Smart
Contract
Ledger The ledger containing history of submitted votes
f(abc);
voterContract. Registers voters & submits votes
…

41. 41
Components in an e-voting blockchain solution
Smart
Contract
Peer
Network
Ledger The ledger containing history of submitted votes
f(abc);
voterContract. Registers voters & submits votes
…
The peers which run the voterContract

42. 42
Components in an e-voting blockchain solution
Membership
Smart
Contract
Peer
Network
Ledger The ledger containing history of submitted votes
f(abc);
voterContract. Registers voters & submits votes
…
E T
The peers which run the voterContract
Public and private key for each registered voter

43. 43
Components in an e-voting blockchain solution
Membership
Smart
Contract
Events
Peer
Network
Ledger The ledger containing history of submitted votes
f(abc);
voterContract. Registers voters & submits votes
…
E T
The peers which run the voterContract
Public and private key for each registered voter
Emit events to when a transaction is complete!

44. 44
Components in an e-voting blockchain solution
Membership
Smart
Contract
Systems
Management
Events
Peer
Network
Ledger The ledger containing history of submitted votes
f(abc);
voterContract. Registers voters & submits votes
…
E T
The peers which run the voterContract
Public and private key for each registered voter
Emit events to when a transaction is complete
VSCode extension to manage nodes & networki
!

45. 45
Components in an e-voting blockchain solution
Membership
Smart
Contract
Systems
Management
Events
Peer
Network
Wallet
Ledger The ledger containing history of submitted votes
f(abc);
voterContract. Registers voters & submits votes
…
E T
The peers which run the voterContract
Public and private key for each registered voter
Emit events to when a transaction is complete
VSCode extension to manage nodes & network
Stores our voter’s public/private keys and certs
i
!

46. 46
Components in an e-voting blockchain solution
Membership
Smart
Contract
Systems
Management
Events
Peer
Network
Wallet
Ledger The ledger containing history of submitted votes
f(abc);
voterContract. Registers voters & submits votes
…
E T
The peers which run the voterContract
Public and private key for each registered voter
Emit events to when a transaction is complete
VSCode extension to manage nodes & network
Stores our voter’s public/private keys and certs
i
Systems
Integration An API to validate voter registration (DMV API)
!

47. 47
App Architecture

48. Concepts and Components
Considerations for the Developer,
Operator and Architect

49. 49
Working with the ledger example: a change of
ownership transaction
World state
Transaction input - sent from application
invoke(voterContract, castVote,
2020election, 123123123, democrat)
txn txn txn
Application
f(abc);
Smart
Contract

50. 50
Working with the ledger example: a change of
ownership transaction
World state
Transaction input - sent from application
invoke(voterContract, castVote,
2020election, 123123123, democrat)
Smart contract implementation
castVote(ctx, args) {
args.democrat.count++
}
txn txn txn
Application
f(abc);
Smart
Contract

51. 51
Working with the ledger example: a change of
ownership transaction
World state
Transaction input - sent from application
invoke(voterContract, castVote,
2020election, 123123123, democrat)
democrat.count = 1
voterId.castBallot = true
World state: new contents
Smart contract implementation
castVote(ctx, args) {
args.democrat.count++
}
txn txn txn
Application
f(abc);
Smart
Contract

52. 52
Working with the ledger example: a change of
ownership transaction
World state
Transaction input - sent from application
invoke(voterContract, castVote,
2020election, 123123123, democrat)
democrat.count = 1
voterId.castBallot = true
World state: new contents
Smart contract implementation
castVote(ctx, args) {
args.democrat.count++
}
txn txn txnDemocrat.co
unt = 1
Application
f(abc);
Smart
Contract

53. 53
Working with the ledger example: a change of
ownership transaction
World state
Transaction input - sent from application
invoke(voterContract, castVote,
2020election, 123123123, democrat)
democrat.count = 1
voterId.castBallot = true
World state: new contents
Smart contract implementation
castVote(ctx, args) {
args.democrat.count++
}
txn txn txnDemocrat.co
unt = 1
“Invoke, voterContract,
castVote, 2020election,
123123123, democrat”
Application
f(abc);
Smart
Contract

54. 54
E-voting Demo

55. 55
What we learned
1. Blockchain vocabulary
2. A use-case of blockchain
3. Architecture behind a Hyperledger Fabric solution
4. Difference between the world state and the ledger
5. Difference between public and private blockchains
6. How a client application invokes a smart contract
📖
✅
🚧
📒
🔓
🏼

56. 56
Contact
Questions⁉️: horea.porutiu@ibm.com
Twitter: @horeaporutiu
YouTube🎥: horeaporutiu

57. Rate today’s session
Session page on conference website O’Reilly Events App