Prosthodontics involves the diagnosis, treatment, and maintenance of patients with missing or deficient teeth using biocompatible substitutes. It has branches including fixed and removable prosthodontics. A fixed partial denture is a partial denture that is securely attached to abutment teeth, roots, or implants to provide primary support. It is used when one or two adjacent teeth are missing and the patient's health and oral hygiene allows for placement. Common fixed prosthodontic items include crowns, inlays, onlays, abutments, pontics, and connectors. Materials may include metals, ceramics, or composites depending on the specific needs of the patient.
The document provides an introduction to fixed prosthodontics, which involves the permanent cementation of prostheses to replace missing teeth. It discusses the indications for and contraindications to fixed prosthodontics, as well as common types of cast restorations like inlays, onlays, crowns, bridges and veneers. The document also outlines the steps involved in crown fabrication, including tooth preparation, impressions, temporization, model casting, wax-up, investing, casting, adjustment and cementation. Tooth preparations and various build-up options are described.
- Dental crowns are restorations that cover and encase teeth. They are used to rebuild broken or decayed teeth, strengthen teeth, or improve cosmetic appearance.
- The process of making a crown typically takes two appointments - the tooth is prepared, an impression is made, and a temporary crown is placed at the first visit. At the second visit, the permanent crown is cemented.
- Studies show that crowns with shoulder finish lines have better marginal fit than those with chamfer finish lines. However, crowns with chamfer finish lines have greater fracture strength. The type of finish line used depends on the clinical situation and required strength.
- Dental crowns are restorations that cover and encase teeth. They are used to rebuild broken or decayed teeth, strengthen teeth, or improve cosmetic appearance.
- The process of making a crown typically takes two appointments - the tooth is prepared, an impression is made, and a temporary crown is placed at the first visit. At the second visit, the permanent crown is cemented.
- Studies have shown that crowns with shoulder finish lines have better marginal fit than those with chamfer finish lines. However, crowns with chamfer finish lines have greater fracture strength. The type of finish line used depends on the specific tooth and restoration.
Inlays and onlays. / implant dentistry course/ implant dentistry courseIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Inlays and onlays / implant dentistry course/ implant dentistry courseIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
This document provides an overview of post and core restorations for endodontically treated teeth. It discusses the history and evolution of post systems from the 18th century use of metal posts to modern fiber-reinforced posts. The key components of a post and core restoration are described, including the post, core, and final crown. Guidelines for evaluating a tooth for post placement are outlined, considering endodontic, periodontal, restorative, esthetic, and radiographic factors. The rationale and indications for using posts to retain cores and provide retention, protection and marginal integrity are explained. Contraindications include abnormal root anatomy and extensive caries.
Prosthodontics involves the diagnosis, treatment, and maintenance of patients with missing or deficient teeth using biocompatible substitutes. It has branches including fixed and removable prosthodontics. A fixed partial denture is a partial denture that is securely attached to abutment teeth, roots, or implants to provide primary support. It is used when one or two adjacent teeth are missing and the patient's health and oral hygiene allows for placement. Common fixed prosthodontic items include crowns, inlays, onlays, abutments, pontics, and connectors. Materials may include metals, ceramics, or composites depending on the specific needs of the patient.
The document provides an introduction to fixed prosthodontics, which involves the permanent cementation of prostheses to replace missing teeth. It discusses the indications for and contraindications to fixed prosthodontics, as well as common types of cast restorations like inlays, onlays, crowns, bridges and veneers. The document also outlines the steps involved in crown fabrication, including tooth preparation, impressions, temporization, model casting, wax-up, investing, casting, adjustment and cementation. Tooth preparations and various build-up options are described.
- Dental crowns are restorations that cover and encase teeth. They are used to rebuild broken or decayed teeth, strengthen teeth, or improve cosmetic appearance.
- The process of making a crown typically takes two appointments - the tooth is prepared, an impression is made, and a temporary crown is placed at the first visit. At the second visit, the permanent crown is cemented.
- Studies show that crowns with shoulder finish lines have better marginal fit than those with chamfer finish lines. However, crowns with chamfer finish lines have greater fracture strength. The type of finish line used depends on the clinical situation and required strength.
- Dental crowns are restorations that cover and encase teeth. They are used to rebuild broken or decayed teeth, strengthen teeth, or improve cosmetic appearance.
- The process of making a crown typically takes two appointments - the tooth is prepared, an impression is made, and a temporary crown is placed at the first visit. At the second visit, the permanent crown is cemented.
- Studies have shown that crowns with shoulder finish lines have better marginal fit than those with chamfer finish lines. However, crowns with chamfer finish lines have greater fracture strength. The type of finish line used depends on the specific tooth and restoration.
Inlays and onlays. / implant dentistry course/ implant dentistry courseIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Inlays and onlays / implant dentistry course/ implant dentistry courseIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
This document provides an overview of post and core restorations for endodontically treated teeth. It discusses the history and evolution of post systems from the 18th century use of metal posts to modern fiber-reinforced posts. The key components of a post and core restoration are described, including the post, core, and final crown. Guidelines for evaluating a tooth for post placement are outlined, considering endodontic, periodontal, restorative, esthetic, and radiographic factors. The rationale and indications for using posts to retain cores and provide retention, protection and marginal integrity are explained. Contraindications include abnormal root anatomy and extensive caries.
Prosthodontics is the dental specialty pertaining to the diagnosis, treatment planning, rehabilitation, and maintenance of patients with missing or deficient teeth using substitutes. It includes fixed and removable prostheses. A fixed partial denture is a partial denture that is securely attached to abutment teeth, roots, or implants to replace one or more missing teeth. Successful treatment requires attention to patient assessment, diagnosis, treatment planning, operative skills, and follow-up care.
1. There are several materials used for replacing teeth in dentures including acrylic resin, porcelain, metals, and combinations. Acrylic resin teeth are lighter and can be modified more easily but wear down faster. Porcelain teeth have better aesthetics but are more difficult to modify.
2. Teeth can be attached to denture bases using an intermediate layer of acrylic resin, or facings can be cemented to metal backings. New developments allow for direct chemical bonding of acrylic resin teeth to metal frameworks.
3. Tube teeth and metal posts can be used for single tooth replacements when space is limited, though they are not as strong. Reinforced acrylic pontics are a better option
Implant Crowns | Implant Prosthetics by Dr.Rajat Sachdeva | ZIRCONIA CROWN RE...Dr. Rajat Sachdeva
Based on retention cement retained Implants crown with having greater resistance to fracture easy fabrication, easy access in patient with limited mouth opening , fairly simple technique, but also have some cons like flow of excess cement below gums causes inflammations of bone loss in some patient, retrieval is challenging, implants failure.
Screw-retained with an access hole on the surface for connecting to the implants through fixation screw. They do not require, cement. easy retrievability. cons like screws may loosen up and require tightening and esthetic and strength may get compromised and more expensive, Gold Crowns, all Ceramics, full Contour Zirconia, layered Zirconia, Emax, PFM Crown.
This document provides information about stainless steel crowns (SSCs), including their history, objectives, indications, contraindications, types, composition, clinical procedure, and references. Some key points:
- SSCs were first described in the 1950s and became commonly used in the 1960s to restore primary and permanent teeth.
- Objectives are to achieve a biologically compatible restoration that maintains tooth form and function.
- Indications include restoring teeth after pulpotomy/pulpectomy, with large/deep caries, or when 3+ surfaces need restoration.
- Clinical procedure involves evaluating occlusion, selecting correct crown size, tooth preparation to provide space and remove caries, and cementing the crown
Endodontically treated teeth ppt - a detailnitinsippy
This document discusses post and core procedures for endodontically treated teeth. It covers objectives, historical background, diagnosis and treatment planning considerations, indications for post and cores, methodology including post length, diameter and design. Factors like ferrule effect and different types of posts like custom cast, prefabricated metal, carbon fiber, glass fiber, and ceramic posts are described. Complications with post and core failures are also mentioned.
Advanced treatment of post & core - A presentationnitinsippy
The document discusses post and core procedures for endodontically treated teeth. It covers objectives, historical background, diagnosis and treatment planning considerations, indications for posts, post length, diameter and design factors. Types of posts discussed include custom cast posts, prefabricated metal posts, carbon fiber posts, glass fiber reinforced posts, and ceramic posts. Key factors in determining the need for and type of post include remaining tooth structure, root length and morphology. Ferrule effect and its role in improving restoration prognosis is also summarized.
Dental crowns and bridges restore the form and function of your teeth. Don’t loose confidence, there are solutions to cure these problems. These restorations are simple and provide excellent aesthetic results.
POST ENDODONTIC RESTORATION(Dr SAICHARAN)MINDS MAHE
- Non-vital teeth require careful treatment planning and restoration to strengthen teeth and prevent fracture under stress.
- Key factors to consider include the amount of remaining tooth structure, the tooth's position and function, and esthetic needs. Teeth with little structure left require dowels, cores and crowns for reinforcement.
- Dowels provide retention for cores within root canals. Ideal dowels are retentive, protect remaining tooth structure and roots, and allow for strong bonding of cores and crowns.
- Cores build up coronal structure for crowns. Different materials include cast cores, amalgam, composite resin and glass ionomers, each with strengths and weaknesses for retention, bond strength
This document discusses semi-permanent crowns used in pediatric dentistry. It begins by introducing the author and defining semi-permanent crowns. It then covers the indications and contraindications for full coverage restorations. Five different types of crowns are described in detail: 1) preformed metal crowns, 2) stainless steel crowns with composite facings, 3) composite crowns, 4) preveneered stainless steel crowns, and 5) zirconia crowns. The conclusion reiterates that various crown options exist for restoring carious primary teeth, each with their own advantages and disadvantages.
This document discusses overdentures, which are complete or partial dentures constructed over existing teeth, roots, or implants to provide additional support, stability, and retention. It describes different types of overdentures including tooth-supported and implant-supported overdentures. Various techniques for constructing tooth-supported overdentures are presented, including different ways of preparing and covering abutment teeth. Indications and contraindications for overdentures are also outlined.
Rationale of post endodontic restoration /certified fixed orthodontic cours...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
This document discusses post and core procedures for endodontically treated teeth. It covers objectives, indications, considerations for post length, diameter and design. Ideal post length is 1-2 mm shorter than the root and diameter should allow at least 1 mm of dentin surrounding the post. A ferrule is important to improve structural integrity. Post types discussed include custom cast metal posts, prefabricated metal posts like stainless steel and titanium, and non-metal options like carbon fiber, fiber-reinforced and zirconia posts. Fiber posts are more esthetic and flexible but have less strength than metal or zirconia posts. Proper diagnosis and treatment planning is required to select the best post and core for
Esthetic crowns in pediatric dentistry.pptxgahanamuthamma
Esthetic crowns are used in pediatric dentistry to restore teeth damaged by decay in a way that preserves function and improves appearance. There are various types of crowns including strip crowns made of composite, pre-veneered stainless steel crowns, polycarbonate crowns, and ceramic crowns. Indications include extensive decay, fractures, discoloration or pulp therapy. Contraindications include non-restorable teeth. Placement involves tooth preparation and selection of an appropriately sized crown, which is then bonded or cemented onto the prepared tooth.
One of the objectives in complete denture prosthetics is to produce a harmonious appearance of the denture when in the patient’s mouth.
A denture usually perceived as esthetics when the teeth and bases are in harmony with the facial musculature as well as the size & shape of the head.
The selection of artificial teeth & their arrangement to meet esthetic requirements demand artistic skill in addition to scientific knowledge.
The document discusses the use of stainless steel crowns in restorative pediatric dentistry, including their history, indications and contraindications, comparison to other restoration methods, and the Hall technique involving placement of stainless steel crowns. Stainless steel crowns provide durable restorations for primary teeth with extensive decay and have survival times over 40 months, making them an economical option despite initial higher costs compared to other materials like glass ionomer cement. Case examples are presented to illustrate when stainless steel crowns are suitable or not suitable for carious primary molars.
Metal ceramic crowns are a traditional type of crown often used for bridges and multiple crowns. They consist of a metal interior fused to a porcelain exterior. While considered strong and durable, they are thicker than other crowns and can show the dark metal through the gumline or porcelain over time. They also have a risk of chipping. The process of creating a metal ceramic crown involves shaping the tooth, taking an impression, creating a metal framework, adding porcelain, and cementing the final crown. All ceramic crowns have become more popular due to their superior aesthetics.
This document provides information on tooth preparation for full veneer crowns. It begins with an introduction stating that tooth preparation is an important phase that everything following, like vitality, health, esthetics, and longevity depend on. It then discusses the history of crowns dating back to 300-400 BC and developments over time. Principles of tooth preparation according to Rosenstiel and Shillingburg are outlined focusing on biologic factors, mechanical retention and resistance form, esthetics, and the periodontium. Terminologies are defined. The different crowns types - complete cast metal, anterior/posterior metal-ceramic, porcelain jacket, and all-ceramic crowns are described along with their indications, advantages, disadvantages
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Prosthodontics is the dental specialty pertaining to the diagnosis, treatment planning, rehabilitation, and maintenance of patients with missing or deficient teeth using substitutes. It includes fixed and removable prostheses. A fixed partial denture is a partial denture that is securely attached to abutment teeth, roots, or implants to replace one or more missing teeth. Successful treatment requires attention to patient assessment, diagnosis, treatment planning, operative skills, and follow-up care.
1. There are several materials used for replacing teeth in dentures including acrylic resin, porcelain, metals, and combinations. Acrylic resin teeth are lighter and can be modified more easily but wear down faster. Porcelain teeth have better aesthetics but are more difficult to modify.
2. Teeth can be attached to denture bases using an intermediate layer of acrylic resin, or facings can be cemented to metal backings. New developments allow for direct chemical bonding of acrylic resin teeth to metal frameworks.
3. Tube teeth and metal posts can be used for single tooth replacements when space is limited, though they are not as strong. Reinforced acrylic pontics are a better option
Implant Crowns | Implant Prosthetics by Dr.Rajat Sachdeva | ZIRCONIA CROWN RE...Dr. Rajat Sachdeva
Based on retention cement retained Implants crown with having greater resistance to fracture easy fabrication, easy access in patient with limited mouth opening , fairly simple technique, but also have some cons like flow of excess cement below gums causes inflammations of bone loss in some patient, retrieval is challenging, implants failure.
Screw-retained with an access hole on the surface for connecting to the implants through fixation screw. They do not require, cement. easy retrievability. cons like screws may loosen up and require tightening and esthetic and strength may get compromised and more expensive, Gold Crowns, all Ceramics, full Contour Zirconia, layered Zirconia, Emax, PFM Crown.
This document provides information about stainless steel crowns (SSCs), including their history, objectives, indications, contraindications, types, composition, clinical procedure, and references. Some key points:
- SSCs were first described in the 1950s and became commonly used in the 1960s to restore primary and permanent teeth.
- Objectives are to achieve a biologically compatible restoration that maintains tooth form and function.
- Indications include restoring teeth after pulpotomy/pulpectomy, with large/deep caries, or when 3+ surfaces need restoration.
- Clinical procedure involves evaluating occlusion, selecting correct crown size, tooth preparation to provide space and remove caries, and cementing the crown
Endodontically treated teeth ppt - a detailnitinsippy
This document discusses post and core procedures for endodontically treated teeth. It covers objectives, historical background, diagnosis and treatment planning considerations, indications for post and cores, methodology including post length, diameter and design. Factors like ferrule effect and different types of posts like custom cast, prefabricated metal, carbon fiber, glass fiber, and ceramic posts are described. Complications with post and core failures are also mentioned.
Advanced treatment of post & core - A presentationnitinsippy
The document discusses post and core procedures for endodontically treated teeth. It covers objectives, historical background, diagnosis and treatment planning considerations, indications for posts, post length, diameter and design factors. Types of posts discussed include custom cast posts, prefabricated metal posts, carbon fiber posts, glass fiber reinforced posts, and ceramic posts. Key factors in determining the need for and type of post include remaining tooth structure, root length and morphology. Ferrule effect and its role in improving restoration prognosis is also summarized.
Dental crowns and bridges restore the form and function of your teeth. Don’t loose confidence, there are solutions to cure these problems. These restorations are simple and provide excellent aesthetic results.
POST ENDODONTIC RESTORATION(Dr SAICHARAN)MINDS MAHE
- Non-vital teeth require careful treatment planning and restoration to strengthen teeth and prevent fracture under stress.
- Key factors to consider include the amount of remaining tooth structure, the tooth's position and function, and esthetic needs. Teeth with little structure left require dowels, cores and crowns for reinforcement.
- Dowels provide retention for cores within root canals. Ideal dowels are retentive, protect remaining tooth structure and roots, and allow for strong bonding of cores and crowns.
- Cores build up coronal structure for crowns. Different materials include cast cores, amalgam, composite resin and glass ionomers, each with strengths and weaknesses for retention, bond strength
This document discusses semi-permanent crowns used in pediatric dentistry. It begins by introducing the author and defining semi-permanent crowns. It then covers the indications and contraindications for full coverage restorations. Five different types of crowns are described in detail: 1) preformed metal crowns, 2) stainless steel crowns with composite facings, 3) composite crowns, 4) preveneered stainless steel crowns, and 5) zirconia crowns. The conclusion reiterates that various crown options exist for restoring carious primary teeth, each with their own advantages and disadvantages.
This document discusses overdentures, which are complete or partial dentures constructed over existing teeth, roots, or implants to provide additional support, stability, and retention. It describes different types of overdentures including tooth-supported and implant-supported overdentures. Various techniques for constructing tooth-supported overdentures are presented, including different ways of preparing and covering abutment teeth. Indications and contraindications for overdentures are also outlined.
Rationale of post endodontic restoration /certified fixed orthodontic cours...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
This document discusses post and core procedures for endodontically treated teeth. It covers objectives, indications, considerations for post length, diameter and design. Ideal post length is 1-2 mm shorter than the root and diameter should allow at least 1 mm of dentin surrounding the post. A ferrule is important to improve structural integrity. Post types discussed include custom cast metal posts, prefabricated metal posts like stainless steel and titanium, and non-metal options like carbon fiber, fiber-reinforced and zirconia posts. Fiber posts are more esthetic and flexible but have less strength than metal or zirconia posts. Proper diagnosis and treatment planning is required to select the best post and core for
Esthetic crowns in pediatric dentistry.pptxgahanamuthamma
Esthetic crowns are used in pediatric dentistry to restore teeth damaged by decay in a way that preserves function and improves appearance. There are various types of crowns including strip crowns made of composite, pre-veneered stainless steel crowns, polycarbonate crowns, and ceramic crowns. Indications include extensive decay, fractures, discoloration or pulp therapy. Contraindications include non-restorable teeth. Placement involves tooth preparation and selection of an appropriately sized crown, which is then bonded or cemented onto the prepared tooth.
One of the objectives in complete denture prosthetics is to produce a harmonious appearance of the denture when in the patient’s mouth.
A denture usually perceived as esthetics when the teeth and bases are in harmony with the facial musculature as well as the size & shape of the head.
The selection of artificial teeth & their arrangement to meet esthetic requirements demand artistic skill in addition to scientific knowledge.
The document discusses the use of stainless steel crowns in restorative pediatric dentistry, including their history, indications and contraindications, comparison to other restoration methods, and the Hall technique involving placement of stainless steel crowns. Stainless steel crowns provide durable restorations for primary teeth with extensive decay and have survival times over 40 months, making them an economical option despite initial higher costs compared to other materials like glass ionomer cement. Case examples are presented to illustrate when stainless steel crowns are suitable or not suitable for carious primary molars.
Metal ceramic crowns are a traditional type of crown often used for bridges and multiple crowns. They consist of a metal interior fused to a porcelain exterior. While considered strong and durable, they are thicker than other crowns and can show the dark metal through the gumline or porcelain over time. They also have a risk of chipping. The process of creating a metal ceramic crown involves shaping the tooth, taking an impression, creating a metal framework, adding porcelain, and cementing the final crown. All ceramic crowns have become more popular due to their superior aesthetics.
This document provides information on tooth preparation for full veneer crowns. It begins with an introduction stating that tooth preparation is an important phase that everything following, like vitality, health, esthetics, and longevity depend on. It then discusses the history of crowns dating back to 300-400 BC and developments over time. Principles of tooth preparation according to Rosenstiel and Shillingburg are outlined focusing on biologic factors, mechanical retention and resistance form, esthetics, and the periodontium. Terminologies are defined. The different crowns types - complete cast metal, anterior/posterior metal-ceramic, porcelain jacket, and all-ceramic crowns are described along with their indications, advantages, disadvantages
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
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For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
The chapter Lifelines of National Economy in Class 10 Geography focuses on the various modes of transportation and communication that play a vital role in the economic development of a country. These lifelines are crucial for the movement of goods, services, and people, thereby connecting different regions and promoting economic activities.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
2. Restoration are the various ways a dentist can replace or
“restore” missing teeth or missing parts of tooth structure.
WHAT IS DENTAL RESTORATION???
When
are
they
used or
placed
?????
Tooth with carious
lesion
(Cavity)
Used for cosmetic
reasons to correct
aesthetic concerns
To replace missing or
damaged tooth
To repair a broken
or cracked tooth
Any treatment whose goal is
to restore the function,
integrity and morphology of
missing tooth structure
resulting from- caries or
trauma
3. RESTORATIONS SEEN ON
RADIOGRAPH
Metallic and Non-metallic
Metallic- Amalgam, gold, stainless steel, chrome, post and core and porcelain-fused-to-metal
(PFM) restoration.
Non-metallic- Composite resin, porcelain crowns, bridges and acrylic restorations.
All dental images should be evaluated while patient is still present.
Number of dental materials look very similar on x-ray; therefore, a clinical exam of the
patient is needed to gain information necessary to verify what is being seen on the x-ray.
4. AMALGAM RESTORATIONS
Common restorative material.
Mixture is made of: Silver, mercury, tin.
Inexpensive.
Less aesthetic material.
Absorbs most of the x-ray beams before they reach the receptor.
Radio opaque (light or white) on dental x-ray.
6. Amalgam overhangs
Extensions of amalgam beyond the
crown of the tooth into
interproximal region.
It is result of improper placement
of the amalgam restoration.
Material extends beyond the
surface.
Disrupts the natural cleansing
contour of tooth.
Easily seen on radiograph.
Traps food and bacteria therefore
contributes to bone loss.
Must be removed.
7. Amalgam fragments and amalgam tattoos
Sometimes when the
amalgam restoration is being
placed- particles fall off and
get embedded into the
adjacent soft tissue.
Soft tissue may discolor
overtime- this discoloration
is called “amalgam tattoo”.
Particles embedded in soft
tissue can be seen on
radiograph.
8. GOLD RESTORATIONS
Not easily distinguished from other metallic restorations on dental x-ray.
Radiopaque with smooth contours and regular borders seen on radiograph.
Large radiopaque restoration with smooth borders are seen on radiograph- is
most likely made of gold.
Smooth contours and regular border.
Gold restorations may include: crowns, bridges, gold foil, gold inlays and
onlays.
13. STAINLESS STEEL RESTORATIONS
Are prefabricated.
Used as a temporary restoration material.
Are thin and donot absorb x-ray radiation, as much as amalgam or gold.
Not as densely radiopaque as amalgam or gold.
Not contoured well near CEJ.
Appear thin or see through on dental x-ray.
Donot appear to fit the tooth well.
15. PORCELAIN RESTORATIONS
Appear radiopaque ; vary in radiographic appearance depending upon whether
restoration is all porcelain or PFM style restoration.
All porcelain crowns and bridges: slightly radiopaque with thin radiopaque line
outlining the prepared tooth; the thin line is the dental cement or adhesive
material; Porcelain is a specific type of ceramic.
When someone refers to a ceramic crown- the material is almost definitely
porcelain.
18. Appearance of composite resin material varies on radiograph
depending upon the materials used (which company manufactured
the resin).
Some manufacturers add radiopaque particles to distinguish the
composite resin from a carious lesion.
19. SOME OTHER MATERIALS
BASE MATERIALS:
Includes zinc phosphate cement and zinc eugenol paste.
Used as cavity liners to protect the pulp. (placed in the floor of the
prep)
Afterwards- restorative material is placed over (on top of) based
material.
Appears radiopaque.
21. When large part of the tooth’s crown is lost.
Due to- progression of dental decay or tooth trauma.
Required when inadequate amount of sound tooth tissue left to
retain a conventional crown.
Tooth must have had root canal treatment.
Purpose of the core: Improve crown retention.
Purpose of the post: retain the core.
Cont….
23. • Restores normal shape, size and function of tooth.
• Can make the tooth stronger or improve the looks.
• If the cavity is too large for a filling and large
fracture.
Crown
(cover or cap)
• Parts: abutment and pontic tooth.
• Abutment teeth: two or more crowns that go over the
natural teeth.
• Pontic tooth: a false tooth. Made from gold, alloys.
Porcelain or a combination.
Bridge (closes a gap created
by one or more missing
teeth, supported by natural
teeth or implants.)
• Thin tooth colored shells.
• Attached to the facial surface of teeth to improve
their appearance.
• Made from porcelain or resin composite material.
• Permanently bonded to teeth
Veneer
26. TYPES OF BRIDGES
Traditional bridge
Most common type of dental bridge
because of their strength and durability.
These involve two dental crowns on
either side of the gap and one, two, or
three prosthetic teeth that are suspended
in the gap. The crowns are anchored to
the two teeth on either side of the gap to
keep the bridge secured.
27. Cantilever bridge
This type of dental bridge is
made up of only one dental
crown and can replace up to
three missing teeth.
It isn’t as strong as a traditional
dental bridge.
28. Maryland bridge
Instead of dental crowns, Maryland
dental bridges have wings on either
side of the prosthetic teeth.
Weakest type of dental bridge, but
patients often choose this option
because the process of placing the
bridge takes less time, is less invasive,
and less painful than the other types
of bridges.
29. Implant supported bridge
Many dentists recommend and prefer
implant-supported dental bridges over
all other choices. Mainly because they
are the most supportive and longest-
lasting dental bridge option.
Unlike the other options, implant-
supported dental bridges utilize dental
implants instead of crowns. The
implants are inserted into the jawbone
through the gums and cause the
jawbone to regrow.
This type of dental bridge will likely
last more than 25 years.