The document introduces the concepts of democratization, defining it as the transition from an authoritarian to a democratic political system. It discusses the three stages of this process: transition, liberalization, and consolidation. Democratization involves removing the old regime, creating democratic institutions and procedures, and achieving acceptance of these changes. Successful democratization may not always lead to democratic consolidation, and there is a risk of returning to non-democratic rule or a hybrid system. Certain pre-conditions like wealth, education, civil society, and a homogeneous population can enable successful democratization. Transitions can occur through elite-controlled reform, negotiated changes, or popular uprisings that collapse authoritarianism.

1. Introduction to
Democratization

2. • Transitional Process
1. Transition
2. Liberalization
3. Consolidation

3. • Definition of
Democratization
1. transition to a more democratic political regime.
2. transition from an authoritarian regime to a full
democracy
3. transition from an authoritarian political system to a
semi-democracy
4. transition from a semi-authoritarian political system to
a democratic political system.

4. Democratization
- Political Science approach
Democratic transitions are the change from the original non-
democratic regime (dictatorship) to a democratic regime.
A successful transition to democracy involves
- removing the old non-democratic regime;
- creation of democratic institutions and
- establishment of democratic procedures.

5. Democratization
- Political Science approach
Democratic consolidation means stabilization of these
democratic institutions and procedures and achieving their
acceptance by all important actors in a given country
- political parties,
- the army,
- religious institutions,
- various important non-governmental organizations, etc

6.  It is important to be aware that
democratic transition may or may not end in
democratic consolidation.
Two Condition;
- a risk of returning to a non-democratic type of regime. -
a hybrid form of semi-authoritarianism.

7. • Pre-Conditions Necessary for Successful
Democratization
Wealth
Education
The Resource Curse
Civil Society
Middle Class
Social Equality
Culture
Homogenous Population

8. Types of Transitions
A top-down (elite-controlled) change from within government
(Examples: Spain, Hungary).
Negotiated reform of the regime and the government
(Examples: South Africa, Poland)
A bottom-up (people power) change:
Regime breakdown and the collapse of authoritarianism under
the pressure of mass protests (Examples: the Philippines,
Czechoslovakia).

9. Thank….