Definition and Types of Irrigation

1. IRRIGATION

3. What is irrigation?
1.Irrigation is an artificial application of
water to the soil
2.It is usually used to assist in growing
crops in dry areas and during periods of
inadequate rainfall

4. What is irrigation?
⚫IT IS A SCIENCE DEALING WITH
PLANNING , DESIGNING,
CONSTRUCTION, OPERATION AND
MAINTENANCE OF IRRIGATION
WORKS.

5. Percentage of Irrigation

6. PERFORM IRRIGATION
AND DRAINAGE
PRACTICES

7. ◦Agricultural irrigation is the application of
water to crops through artificial means.
Irrigation is primarily used in areas with
sporadic rainfall or potential drought
conditions to ensure that crop soil receives
adequate water for cultivation. The water
utilized in agricultural irrigation can come
from various sources, such as
groundwater, rivers, springs, lakes, wells,
or surface water.

8. BENEFITS OF
IRRIGATION

9. 1. Irrigation is insurance against drought.
2. It enables the growth of quick maturing
crops.
3. It is a guarantee to the quick germination
of seeds.
4. It is a means of securing early maturity
on most crops.
5. It increases the quality, attractive
appearance, and yield of crops.

10. TYPES OF SOIL AND
WHEN IRRIGATION IS
NEEDED

13. METHODS OF
IRRIGATION

14. 1. “Manual irrigation
◦is one of the most basic types of
agricultural irrigation. Farmers or
laborers use watering cans to saturate the
crops by hand. Since manual irrigation is
often time-consuming and physically
demanding, it tends to be used for small
farms or in poverty-stricken areas.”

18. 2. Surface irrigation
◦tended to be the most implemented irrigation
system for large-scale watering. In surface
irrigation, small canals are dug across the
entire length of the crop area and water is
poured at the top of the canals. Surface
irrigation uses no pumps or other mechanisms
and relies on gravity to distribute water across
crops through the canals.”

20. `

22. 3. “Sub-irrigation
◦is a method often used for vegetable crops
such as peppers or tomatoes. The method
applies water to crops from below the soil’s
surface. A pipe system is buried beneath
the roots of the crops and the water is
pumped upwards into the roots to ensure
the roots receive the correct water
amounts.

25. 4. “Center pivot irrigation
◦uses an automated system of sprinklers
that are attached to fixed towers in the
center of the crop area. The sprinklers
rotate in a circular motion to evenly
distribute water across the entire crop
area. Center pivot is often used in flat,
spacious crop areas.”

27. 5. Windmill irrigation
◦is done by a machine that
harnesses wind energy for a
purpose like grinding grain,
pumping water, or generating
electricity.

29. 6. Drip irrigation
◦is a system that delivers
water directly to the root zone
of a plant, where it seeps
slowly into the soil one drop
at a time.

31. 7. Irrigation by power machinery
◦is done when water pumps
are set in the source of
water. Water is then
delivered to the field through
a water hose.

33. CAUSES OF LOSS
OF IRRIGATION
WATER

34. 1. Over irrigation
◦A farmer should not use more water than
his crop needs. The amount of water
needed by crops varies with the crop,
and a farmer should ascertain what
amount is for each crop and how it is
best distributed among the different
times of application.

35. 2. Poor grading of land
◦When a piece of land to be irrigated is
not uniformly or properly graded, for
example, when certain spots are high
while others are low, or when there is
hardly any grade at all to allow
movement of water by gravity, there will
be loss of water.

36. 3. Seepage
◦is the horizontal passage of water
from an irrigation canal through
the surrounding ground. Loss of
water by seepage is prevented by
lining the canal properly with a
clay puddle.

37. 4. Deep percolation
◦Percolation is the vertical downward
movement of water. Water that sinks
much deeper than the roots of the
plants is wasted water. Skillful
cultivation should prevent much loss
of water due to deep percolation.

38. 6. Run-off at the ends of fields or
furrows
◦To avoid waste of water in the form
of runoffs, it is necessary to
supervise carefully the irrigation
work so that only enough water is
allowed to flow in the irrigation
furrows.

39. 7. Direct evaporation
◦This refers to the loss of water
from plant parts, soil surface,
and even from bodies of water
with the aid of sunlight.