effect of human hair on mechanical properties of concrete

1. Defense Presentation
MSc Research
Tentative Topic:
EFFECT OF HUMAN HAIR FIBER ON
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE
Supervisor:
Dr. Ayub Elahi
Professor CivilEngineeringDepartment, UET Taxila
Presented by:
Muhammad Waqas 2K20-MSC-STR-10
Universityof Engineering and Technology Taxila
Department of Civil Engineering

2. Presentation Contents
1. Introduction
2. Problem Statement
3. Literature Review
4. Aim & Objectives
5. Experimental Work
6. Results and Discussions
7. Conclusion
8. References
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3. 1. Introduction
4
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 Concrete is the most commonly used construction material which is the
backbone of construction industry. It has low tensile strength and
ductility. It has little resistance to cracking. it possesses low tensile
strength, less ductility and micro cracks.
 All structural members of building have been made by this like
foundations, beams, slabs, columns and roofs adding fiber in concrete,
properties of concrete can either be increased or decreased like
compressive strength and tensile strength
 its high durability, ingredients are easily available, resistant against
water and wind, it can be cast in any desired shape and is also
economical material and low maintenance cost

4. 1. Introduction
4
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 For improving the strength and different properties, In this project,
human hair is used as fiber in concrete. The purpose of using human
hair fiber is for the control of cracks, an increase in tensile strength and
it increases the mechanical properties of concrete.
 During the experimental work the ratios of human hair were 0%, 1%,
2% and 3%, the length was 20mm to 60mm and the curing time was 28
days.
 After testing, the remarkable increment is noted in the properties of the
concrete. The optimum value of human hair is 2%. Because higher
compressive, flexural and splitting tensile strength were noted there.

5. 1. Introduction
4
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 But by adding human hair the workability of concrete is reduced. This
study is found that by using human hair not just mechanical properties
are increased same as physical properties also enhanced especially
micro-cracks are diminished.
 Human hairs are used as a fiber reinforcing material in concrete, to
analyze it some important tests were done, compressive strength,
flexural strength and cracking control to economies concrete and to
reduce environmental problems created by the decomposition of hair.
 The hairs needed for the preparation of concrete cubes were collected
from salons and beauty parlors. It needs treatment before to be added
in the concrete specimens because hairs are not clean hairs can be of
dyed, colored,

6. 1. Introduction
4
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 Fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) is concrete containing fibrous material
which increases its structural integrity. It contains short discrete fiber
that are uniformly distributed and randomly oriented.
 The principle of the fiber concrete or fiber cement has been around
since ancient world. Romans and Egyptians put straw or hair into the
building material and improved the mechanical properties through these
additions.
 It reinforces the mortar and prevents the spalling of concrete. The
properties like high tensile strength, unique chemical composition,
thermal insulation Etc makes it suitable to be used as a reinforcing
material.

7. 1. Introduction
 These type of defects can be minimized by the addition of human hair fiber
to concrete. Hence the mechanical properties like compressive strength,
split tensile strength, flexural strength are enhanced by the use of human
hair fiber to concrete.
 Concrete is one of the most consumed human-made materials in the world.
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8. 02
Literature Review
This portion clearly explains the previous
literature review
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9. 2. Literature Review
(Jain D. and Kothari A.2012) They found at 1% the incremental was remarkable
compressive strength was increased 10% and the flexural strength was 3.2%
increased. At 1.5% the compressive strength was 22% increased and the flexural
(Dr. Sinan abdulkhaleq yaseen,2013) hair fiber (HHF) as reinforced material in
cementitious material. Tests were carried to study the influence of fiber content
on the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength and load
deflection was presented for two w/c ratios (0.6 and 0.7).
(S. I. Adedokun, S. O. Ajamu and H.T. Adertinto 2016) The workability was
increased, slump value from 17 to 25mm and compaction factor was also
improved from 0.86 to 0.9. And the noticing point was the compressive strength
was increased at 2% and beyond this, the strength decreased by increasing hair.
(Achal, Abhishek, Siddharth, & Anant,2016) The average increment of
compressive strength of human hair fiber reinforcement was 9% and the
flexural strength was 6.5%. And the development of the crack was
reduced
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10. 2. Literature Review
(Hummaira, Tayyaba, Muhammad Asim, & Reena, 2018) Hair was increased and
workability was reduced. The compressive strength was also improved by adding
hair and at 1.5% the highest value of compressive strength was 5% of plain
concrete.
(Ajna M, Adarsh M V, Alphy J, and George M V, 2017), During practical
work, the quantity of human hair used 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% by the
weight of cement. And the Indian standard was followed for all the tests
works except water absorption test. The experiments were performed,
Compressive strength, flexural strength, rebound hammer, ultrasonic plus
velocity, water absorption, sulphate attack and acid attack tests were
performed for the deep study of the human hair fiber. The hair used in this
project has the length of 60mm, aspect ratio 500-600mm and tensile
strength was 380Mpa
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11. 2. Literature Review
(G. Sreevani, and Smt. B. Ajitha (2017)) has done a study on the fiber
reinforcement concrete by using human hair For this comprehensively study
cubes, cylinders and beams were opted to cast by using 0.5%, 1% and
1.5% percentages of hair by the weight of cement. Samples were left for 3,
7 and 28 days for the curing. M-20 plain cement concrete decided for
comparison with FRC. The length of hair was 3.5cm and the water-cement
ratio was 0.5 selected. Compressive, flexural and split tensile tests were
performed and workability was checked by slump test and compaction
factor ratio
(Khawar A., Hikmatullah j, M. Waqas, Arslan S, and Faiza K, (2019) have researched
improvement of structural concrete by using human hair. In this experimental
works different weight of hair were used by the weight of cement e.g. 65, 130, 195
and 260gms. For checking the mechanical properties splitting tensile and
compressive strength were performed. Slump cone, compaction factor and water
permeability of concrete tests were also done in this research. Samples were
cured for 14 and 28 days. University of Engineering and Technology Taxila

12. 2. Literature Review
(T. Naveen K, Komershetty G, Jinna Aditya, Kuppala k, and V. Raja Mahender
(2015) Concrete mix design for this project has used M40. The quantity of
hair added to concrete were 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3% by weight of Portland
cement. The age of curing for this work were 7, 14 and 28 days. And the
tests were compressive strength, flexural and split tensile strength of
concrete were performed. The length of the hair was 60mm and the aspect
ratio was 500-600.
(Geeta Battam (2018)) has given a review of the recent innovation of fiber
reinforced concrete by using human hair. The procedure of this study was to read
the recent research papers of researcher and compare their results and make
conclusion own result on it. This study also revealed the conclusion the same as
other research. Human hair adds in concrete not just control the pollution and it
also follows all requirements of sustainable development. Without harming the
thing of future people try to use waste and produced the best consequences and
human hair is the best example of this. Because human hair is a renewable
resource, cheap cost and fully bio-degradable
University of Engineering and Technology Taxila

13. 2. Literature Review
(Ramya.T and Tamilmuthan.B (2017) had done experimental work on fiber
reinforcement concrete. Human hair was used as a fiber in reinforced
concrete. Because of its higher modulus of elasticity hair was used in
concrete at the percentages of 0%, 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% by the weight of
cement. The length of hair was 6 to 50mm and M 35 of concrete mix design
was selected. The ratio of the ingredients of concrete were 1:1.46:2.58 and
the water-cement ratio was 45%. The workability and compressive strength
test were performed. The Indian standards were chosen for casting and
testing. The tests performed and it was observed that the workability
increased by increasing the ratio of human hair in concrete, it was strange
as compare to others but this time mix design was also changed. The
increased in compressive strength at 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% were 1.34, 1.48
and 2.67 N/mm2. Through this experimental work, it found that by
increasing hair the cracks were also reduced and increased strengths and
the workability of the concrete.
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14. 03
Problem Statement
This portion clearly explains the problem
statement of the project.
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15. 3. Problem Statement
17
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Supplementary
Cementing Material (Silica Fume)& Fibers on the fresh and hardened
properties of self compacting concrete.
Environmental friendly, sustainable & economic concrete.
Comparison of OPC, & fibers reinforced self compacting concrete.
University of Engineering and Technology Taxila
This study is to investigate the effect of human hair Fibers on the
mechanical properties of concrete. Environmental friendly, sustainable
& economic concrete. For improving the strength and different
properties, In this project, human hair is used as fiber in concrete. The
purpose of using human hair fiber is for the control of cracks, an
increase in tensile strength and it increases the mechanical properties of
concrete. But by adding human hair the workability of concrete is
reduced. This study is found that by using human hair not just
mechanical properties are increased same as physical properties also
enhanced especially micro-cracks are diminished.

16. 04
Aim & Objectives
Objectives and scope regarding the project are
clearly defined here.
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17. 4. Aim & Objectives
19
 To determine the workability of fresh concrete by using slump and
compaction factor . .
 To evaluate the strengths of harder concrete for conventional and HHFRC
by applying the compressive, flexural and splitting tensile strength tests.
 To compare the results of conventional and HHFRC
 This study tries to combine both the above mentioned aspects i.e.
incorporating the natural human hair as fiber reinforcement in concrete and
to check the enhancement in its long term properties.
 This study is of interest to clients, concrete manufacturers, concrete additive
manufacturers and designers specifiers who need to know what effect
human hair as a fiber additives have upon the final compressive strength,
split tensile strength and flexural strength.
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18. 05
Experimental Work
This portion is related all about experimental
work Specimens Casting & Specimens Testing
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19. 5.1 Material properties
Binding material
 In this research Ordinary Portland Cement were used.
 The physical & chemical properties of all binding materials are shown in the
Table 2.
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20. 5.1 Material properties
Binding material
Chemicals SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 MnO MgO CaO Na2O K2O P2O3 LOI
OPC 17.4 - 10.2 3.6 - 1.8 62.3 0.9 1.4 0.9
Table 2 All binder chemical properties
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21. 5.1 Material properties
Binding material
Table 3 Cement properties
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Physical Properties Results
Normal Consistency % 36
VICAT Initial settling time (min) 90
VICAT Final settling time (min) 145
Specific Gravity 2.92
Le-Chatelier Expansion (mm) 1.58
Compressive Strength at 28th Day (MPA) 40.0

22. 5.1 Material properties
The properties of human hair are given
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 The hair thread has a highly organized
cylindrical structure, formed by inert cells of
keratin, following a very precise and pre-
defined design
 In terms of raw elements, on an average,
hair is composed of 50.65% carbon, 20.85%
oxygen, 17.14% nitrogen, 6.36% hydrogen,
and 5.0% sulphurs.
Property Value
Hair diameter 80 to 150μm
Hair length 20mm to 60mm
Aspect ratio 300-600
Tensile strength of
human hair fiber
350Mpa
Ultimate tensile
strength
51%
Table 4 properties of human hair .

23. 5.1 Material properties
Aggregates
 Naturally available sand was used as a fine aggregate (FA) & coarse aggregate
(CA) of crushed Margalla Hills was used. The physical & chemical properties of
both fine & coarse aggregate are shown in the Table 5 .
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24. 5.1 Material properties
Properties of fine & coarse aggregate
FA CA
Specific gravity 2.63 2.68
Water absorption (%) 1.20 1
Loose density (Kg/m3) - 1411.57
Ronded density (Kg/m3) - 1549.88
Fineness modulus 2.85 7.2
Table 5 Physical properties of FA & CA
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25. 5.1 Materials
a b
d e
Figure 1. Ingredients used in the mixes (a)OPC, (b) HHF, (d) CA, (e) FA
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26. 5. Experimental Work
5.2. General
 Simple cube and cylinder and beam will be casting for Mechanical
properties.
 Simple cube will be casting for Compressive strength.
 Simple cylinder will be casting for Split Tensile Test.
 Simple beam will be casting for Flexural Strength test.
 Mechanical properties will be investigated.
 Investigation the different Mechanical Properties and compare different
grade 1.2.4 and 1.1.5.3 Results of different mechanical properties of
concrete .
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Fig.2 Cylinders and cores samples During casting and remolding at concrete lab UET Taxila

27. 5. Experimental Work
5.3. Tests to be performed
Specimens were cast and cured for 28days and used two ratio different ratio
of concrete 1.2.4 and 1.1.5.3 After casting and curing the specimens were
tested to determine fresh and hardened properties such as proposed below:
1. Slump Flow
2. Compaction factor test
3. Water Absorption
4. Density of concrete
5. Compressive strength
6. Split Tensile Test
7. Flexural Strength test
8. Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete
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28. 5. Experimental Work
5.5. Tests for Fresh Properties
 Workability by using slump test
 Compaction factor test
5.6. Mechanical Properties
 Compression test performed on cube
 Split Tensile test performed on cylinder
 Flexural Strength test performed on beam
 Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete
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29. 06
Results & discussions
This portion provides results & discussions
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30. Calculations and Results
Workability Test
The values of slump cone test
Sr .#1 Hair Slump Value
(1:1.5:3)
(mm)
% (Workability)
1 0 28mm
2 1 25mm
3 2 23mm
4 3 22mm

31. Analysis
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0% 1% 2% 3%
Slump
value
(mm)
Percentages of Hair
Slump value 1:1.5:3 (mm)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 1% 2% 3%
Slump
value
(mm)
Percentages of Hair
Slump value 1:1.5:3(mm)

32. Calculations and Results
Workability Test
The values of slump cone test
Sr .#1 Hair Slump Value
(1:2:4)
(mm)
% (Workability)
1 0 50mm
2 1 35mm
3 2 30mm
4 3 25mm

33. Analysis
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0% 1% 2% 3%
Slump
value
(mm)
Percentages of Hair
Slump value 1:2:4 (mm)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 1% 2% 3%
Slump
value
(mm)
Percentages of Hair
Slump value1:2:4 (mm)

34. Calculations and Results
Workability Test
The values of slump cone test
Sr .#1 Hair Slump Value
(1:1.5:3)
(mm)
Slump Value
(1:2:4)
(mm)
% (Workability) (Workability)
1 0 28mm 50mm
2 1 25mm 35mm
3 2 23mm 30mm
4 3 22mm 25mm

35. Analysis
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0% 1% 2% 3%
Slump
value
(mm)
Percentages of Hair
Slump value (mm)
M20
M15
Column1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 1% 2% 3%
Slump
value
(mm)
Percentages of Hair
Slump value (mm)
M20
M15

36. Calculations and Results
Workability Test
The values of compaction factor
Sr .#1 Hair compaction factor (1:1.5:3)
(mm)
% (Workability)
1 0 0.88
2 1 0.90
3 2 0.91
4 3 0.93

37. Analysis
0.85
0.86
0.87
0.88
0.89
0.9
0.91
0.92
0.93
0.94
0% 1% 2% 3%
compaction
factor
Percentages of Hair
compaction factor 1:1.5:3 (mm)
0.85
0.86
0.87
0.88
0.89
0.9
0.91
0.92
0.93
0.94
0 1% 2% 3%
compaction
factor
Percentages of Hair
compaction factor 1:1.5:3(mm)

38. Calculations and Results
Workability Test
The values of compaction factor
Sr .#1 Hair compaction factor (1:2:4)
(mm)
% (Workability)
1 0 0.84
2 1 0.83
3 2 0.80
4 3 0.79

39. Analysis
0.76
0.77
0.78
0.79
0.8
0.81
0.82
0.83
0.84
0.85
0% 1% 2% 3%
compaction
factor
(mm)
Percentages of Hair
compaction factor 1:2:4 (mm)
0.76
0.77
0.78
0.79
0.8
0.81
0.82
0.83
0.84
0.85
0 1% 2% 3%
compaction
factor
(mm)
Percentages of Hair
compaction factor 1:2:4 (mm)

40. Calculations and Results
Workability Test
The values of compaction factor
Sr .#1 Hair compaction factor
(1:1.5:3)
(mm)
compaction factor (1:2:4)
(mm)
% (Workability) (Workability)
1 0 0.88 0.84
2 1 0.90 0.83
3 2 0.91 0.80
4 3 0.93 0.79

41. Analysis
0.7
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
0% 1% 2% 3%
compaction
factor
(mm)
Percentages of Hair
compaction factor (mm)
M20
M15
Column1
0.7
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
0 1% 2% 3%
compaction
factor
(mm)
Percentages of Hair
compaction factor (mm)
M20
M15

42. Calculations and Results
Standard values for compaction factor
Standard values for compaction factor
Sr .#1 Degree of workability compaction factor
1 Very low 0.78
2 Low 0.85
3 Medium 0.92
4 High 0.95
5 very High Not application

43. Calculations and Results
The values of Water Absorption Test
The values of Water Absorption
Sr .#1 Hair Water Absorption
(1:1.5:3)
(%)
Water Absorption (1:2:4)
(%)
% (Percentage) (Percentage)
1 0 2.5 2.7
2 1 2.7 2.85
3 2 2.86 2.99
4 3 3.05 3.14

44. Analysis
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
0% 1% 2% 3%
Water
Absorption
(%)
Percentages of Hair
Water Absorption (%)
M20
M15
Column1
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
0 1% 2% 3%
Water
Absorption
(%)
Percentages of Hair
Water Absorption (%)
M20
M15

45. Calculations and Results
The values of Density
The values of Density (kg/m3)
Sr .#1 Hair Density (kg/m3)
(1:1.5:3)
Density (kg/m3)
(1:2:4)
% (kg/m3) (kg/m3)
1 0 2425 2460
2 1 2405 2440
3 2 2390 2410
4 3 2370 2395

46. Analysis
2320
2340
2360
2380
2400
2420
2440
2460
2480
0% 1% 2% 3%
Density
(kg/m3)
Percentages of Hair
M20
M15
Column1
2320
2340
2360
2380
2400
2420
2440
2460
2480
0 1% 2% 3%
Density
(kg/m3)
Percentages of Hair
Density (kg/m3)
M20
M15

47. Calculations and Results
Compressive Strength Test
Formula: Compressive Strength =P/A
The values of compressive Strength
Sr .#1 Hair Compressive
Strength
(1:1.5:3)
(N/mm2)
% 28 days
1 0 22.44
2 1 22.88
3 2 23.78
4 3 22.67

48. Analysis
21.5
22
22.5
23
23.5
24
0% 1% 2% 3%
Compressive
Strength
(1:1.5:3)
(N/mm2)
Percentages of Hair
Compressive Strength (1:1.5:3) (N/mm2)
21.5
22
22.5
23
23.5
24
0 1% 2% 3%
Compressive
Strength
(1:1.5:3)
(N/mm2)
Percentages of Hair
Compressive Strength (1:1.5:3) (N/mm2)

49. Calculations and Results
Compressive Strength Test
Formula: Compressive Strength =P/A
The values of compressive Strength
Sr .#1 Hair Compressive Strength
(1:2:4)
(N/mm2)
% 28 days
1 0 24.45
2 1 24.88
3 2 25.78
4 3 24.66

50. Analysis
23.5
24
24.5
25
25.5
26
0% 1% 2% 3%
Compressive
Strength
(1:2:4)
(N/mm2)
Percentages of Hair
Compressive Strength (1:2:4) (N/mm2)
23.5
24
24.5
25
25.5
26
0 1% 2% 3%
Compressive
Strength
(1:2:4)
(N/mm2)
Percentages of Hair
Compressive Strength (1:2:4) (N/mm2)

51. Calculations and Results
Compressive Strength Test
Formula: Compressive Strength =P/A
The values of compressive Strength
Sr .#1 Hair Compressive Strength
(1:2:4)
(N/mm2)
Compressive
Strength
(1:1.5:3)
(N/mm2)
% 28 days 28 days
1 0 24.45 22.44
2 1 24.88 22.88
3 2 25.78 23.78
4 3 24.66 22.67

52. Analysis
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
0% 1% 2% 3%
Compressive
Strength
(N/mm2)
Percentages of Hair
Compressive Strength (N/mm2)
M20
M15
Column1
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
0 1% 2% 3%
Compressive
Strength
(N/mm2)
Percentages of Hair
Compressive Strength (N/mm2)
M20
M15

53. Calculations and Results
Modulus of elasticity
The values of Modulus of elasticity
Sr .#1 Hair Modulus of elasticity
(1:2:4)
(GPA)
Modulus of elasticity
(1:1.5:3)
(GPA)
% 28 days 28 days
1 0 24.72 23.68
2 1 24.94 23.92
3 2 25.38 24.38
4 3 24.82 23.80

54. Analysis
22.5
23
23.5
24
24.5
25
25.5
26
0% 1% 2% 3%
Modulus
of
elasticity
Percentages of Hair
Modulus of elasticity
M20
M15
Column1
22.5
23
23.5
24
24.5
25
25.5
26
0 1% 2% 3%
Modulus
of
elasticity
Percentages of Hair
Modulus of elasticity
M20
M15

55. Calculations and Results
Splitting Tensile Strength Test
Formula: =2P/лLD
The values of Splitting Tensile Strength
Sr .#1 Hair Splitting Tensile
Strength
(1:1.5:3)
(N/mm2)
% 28 days
1 0 2.59
2 1 2.68
3 2 2.76
4 3 2.62

56. Analysis
2.5
2.55
2.6
2.65
2.7
2.75
2.8
0% 1% 2% 3%
Splitting
Tensile
Strength
(1:1.5:3)
(N/mm2)
Percentages of Hair
Splitting Tensile Strength (1:1.5:3)(N/mm2)
2.5
2.55
2.6
2.65
2.7
2.75
2.8
0 1% 2% 3%
Splitting
Tensile
Strength
(1:1.5:3)
(N/mm2)
Percentages of Hair
Splitting Tensile Strength (1:1.5:3) (N/mm2)

57. Calculations and Results
Splitting Tensile Strength Test
Formula: =2P/лLD
The values of Splitting Tensile Strength
Sr .#1 Hair Splitting Tensile
Strength
(1:1.5:3)
(N/mm2)
% 28 days
1 0 2.59
2 1 2.68
3 2 2.76
4 3 2.62

58. Analysis
2.5
2.55
2.6
2.65
2.7
2.75
2.8
0% 1% 2% 3%
Splitting
Tensile
Strength
(1:1.5:3)
(N/mm2)
Percentages of Hair
Splitting Tensile Strength (1:1.5:3)(N/mm2)
2.5
2.55
2.6
2.65
2.7
2.75
2.8
0 1% 2% 3%
Splitting
Tensile
Strength
(1:1.5:3)
(N/mm2)
Percentages of Hair
Splitting Tensile Strength (1:1.5:3) (N/mm2)

59. Calculations and Results
Splitting Tensile Strength Test
Formula: =2P/лLD
The values of Splitting Tensile Strength
Sr .#1 Hair Splitting Tensile Strength
(1:2:4)
(N/mm2)
% 28 days
1 0 3.11
2 1 3.46
3 2 3.53
4 3 3.32

60. Analysis
2.5
2.55
2.6
2.65
2.7
2.75
2.8
0% 1% 2% 3%
Splitting
Tensile
Strength
(1:2:4)
(N/mm2)
Percentages of Hair
Splitting Tensile Strength (1:2:4)(N/mm2)
2.5
2.55
2.6
2.65
2.7
2.75
2.8
0 1% 2% 3%
Splitting
Tensile
Strength
(1:2:4)
(N/mm2)
Percentages of Hair
Splitting Tensile Strength (1:2:4) (N/mm2)

61. Calculations and Results
Splitting Tensile Strength Test
Formula: =2P/лLD
The values of Splitting Tensile Strength
Sr .#1 Hair Splitting Tensile Strength
(1:2:4)
(N/mm2)
Splitting Tensile
Strength
(1:1.5:3)
(N/mm2)
% 28 days 28 days
1 0 3.11 2.59
2 1 3.46 2.68
3 2 3.53 2.76
4 3 3.32 2.62

62. Analysis
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
0% 1% 2% 3%
Splitting
Tensile
Strength
(N/mm2)
Percentages of Hair
Splitting Tensile Strength (N/mm2)
M20
M15
Column1
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
0 1% 2% 3%
Splitting
Tensile
Strength
(N/mm2)
Percentages of Hair
Splitting Tensile Strength (N/mm2)

63. Calculations and Results
Flexural Strength Test
Formula: R =PL/bd2
The values of Flexural Strength
Sr .#1 Hair Flexural Strength
(1:1.5:3)
(N/mm2)
% 28 days
1 0 4.44
2 1 4.53
3 2 4.72
4 3 4.68

64. Analysis
4.3
4.35
4.4
4.45
4.5
4.55
4.6
4.65
4.7
4.75
0% 1% 2% 3%
Flexural
Strength
(1:1.5:3)
(N/mm2)
Percentages of Hair
Flexural Strength (1:1.5:3)(N/mm2)
4.3
4.35
4.4
4.45
4.5
4.55
4.6
4.65
4.7
4.75
0 1% 2% 3%
Flexural
Strength
(1:1.5:3
(N/mm2)
Percentages of Hair
Flexural Strength (1:1.5:3) (N/mm2)

65. Calculations and Results
Flexural Strength Test
Formula: R =PL/bd2
The values of Flexural Strength
Sr .#1 Hair Flexural Strength
(1:2:4)
(N/mm2)
% 28 days
1 0 3.47
2 1 3.73
3 2 3.87
4 3 3.71

66. Analysis
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
0% 1% 2% 3%
Flexural
Strength
(1:2:4)
(N/mm2)
Percentages of Hair
Flexural Strength (1:2:4)(N/mm2)
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
0 1% 2% 3%
Flexural
Strength
(1:2:4)
(N/mm2)
Percentages of Hair
Flexural Strength (1:2:4) (N/mm2)

67. Calculations and Results
Flexural Strength Test
Formula: R =PL/bd2
The values of Flexural Strength
Sr .#1 Hair Flexural Strength
(1:2:4)
(N/mm2)
Flexural Strength
(1:1.5:3)
(N/mm2)
% 28 days 28 days
1 0 3.47 4.44
2 1 3.73 4.53
3 2 3.87 4.72
4 3 3.71 4.68

68. Analysis
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
0% 1% 2% 3%
Slump
Flexural
Strength
(N/mm2)
Percentages of Hair
Slump Flexural Strength (N/mm2)
M20
M15
Column1
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
0 1% 2% 3%
Slump
Flexural
Strength
(N/mm2)
Percentages of Hair
Slump Flexural Strength (N/mm2)
M20
M15

69. Conclusion
This portion provides conclusions
University of Engineering and Technology Taxila
07

70. 7. Conclusion
University of Engineering and Technology Taxila
It has become pertinent to source for alternative concrete technology to preserve the
natural material sources. This study presented sustainable composite development
based on a n use of human hair as fiber in concrete. The following under listed
conclusions were drawn from the study:
1. Workability of concrete containing no fiber was higher than that of the fire
reinforced mixture. This was as a result of gripping effect by the network of fibers.
As the proportion of hair increased, then there was a subsequent drop in
workability values.
2. The maximum density was noted by 2425 kg/m3 at 0% of human hair by 1:1.5:3
ratio, and minimum density was observed by 2370 kg/m3 at 3% of human hair
and maximum density was noted by 2465 kg/m3 at 0% of human hair by 1:2:4
ratio, and minimum density was observed by 2395 kg/m3 at 3% of human hair
and minimum water absorption was noted as 2.5 % at 0% of human hair by
1:1.5:3 ratio after 28 days and minimum water absorption was noted as 2.7 % at
0% of human hair by 1:2:4 ratio after 28 days

71. 7. Conclusion
University of Engineering and Technology Taxila
3. There was an increase in compressive strength observed by 1.96% at 1%, and 5.9%
at 2% and 1.02% at 3% of the human hair fiber, by 1:1.5:3 ratio and optimize value is
achieve at 2 % of human hair and increase in compressive strength observed by
1.75% at 1%, and 5.43% at 2% and 0.85% at 3% the human hair fiber, by 1:2:4 ratio
and optimize value is achieve at 2 % of human hair and compressive strength of
1:1.5:3 ratio is more then 1:2:4.
4. There was an increase in Modulus of Elasticity observed by 1.01%at 1%, and 2.95%
at 2% and 0.5% at 3% of the human hair fiber, by 1:1.5:3 ratio and optimize value is
achieve at 2 % of human hair and increase in Modulus of Elasticity observed by0.88%
at 1%, and 2.66% at 2% and 0.40% at 3% the human hair fiber, by 1:2:4 ratio and
optimize value is achieve at 2 % of human hair hair and Modulus of Elasticity of
1:1.5:3 ratio is more then 1:2:4.

72. 7. Conclusion
University of Engineering and Technology Taxila
5. There was an increase in Splitting Tensile strength observed by 3.47% at 1%, 6.56%
at 2% and 1.15% at 3% of the human hair fiber, by 1:1.5:3 ratio and optimize value is
achieve at 2 % of human hair and increase in Splitting Tensile strength observed by
9.967% at 1%, 13% at 2% and 6.75% at 3% the human hair fiber, by 1:2:4 ratio and
optimize value is achieve at 2 % of human hair .
6. There was an increase in Flexural strength observed by2.02% at 1%, and 6.3% at
2% and 5.4% at 3% of the human hair fiber, by 1:1.5:3 ratio and optimize value is
achieve at 3 % of human hair and increase in Flexural strength observed by 7% at
1%, 11.5% at 2% and 6.6% at 3% the human hair fiber, by 1:2:4 ratio and optimize
value is achieve at 2 % of human hair

73. 8. Recommendation
University of Engineering and Technology Taxila
1. The constant size of human hair is changed to variable size. For checking the
physical and mechanical properties of concrete how small fiber is it works.
2. The study of the admixture who help for uniform mixing and increase the more
strength of the concrete. Nevertheless, increase the workability up to the
standard value.
3. The use of other natural fiber e.g. bamboo seed, jute and use of animal hair on
different grades as fiber in concrete.
4. Other concrete tests are also performed to check the behavior of human hair e.g.
Rebound hammer test, Sulphate attack test and Acid attack test.

74. 9. References
1. D., J., & A., K. (2012, januray 25). Hair Fiber Reinforcement Concrete. Research
journal of recent science, 1(15 Jan 2012), 128-133. Retrieved 6 10, 2020, from
www.isca.in
2. S., I. A., S., O. A., & H., T. A. (2016, July 30). Effect of Synthetic Hair Fiber Additions
on the Strength Characteristics of Concrete . USEP: Journal of Research
Information in Civil Engineering, Vol.13,N0.2,2016(2016), 928-939. Retrieved May
3, 2020, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305725122
3. Achal, A., Abhishek, S., Siddharth, P., & Anant, B. (2016, May). A Concept of
Improving Strength of Concrete using Human Hair as fiber Reinforcement.
International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,, Vol.5(Issue 5), 8624-8630.
doi:10.15680/IJIRSET.2016.0505257
4. K. Aarthi a, *. K. (2019). Durability studies on fiber reinforced concrete with
sustainable wastes. Arabian Journal for Science and, 1-15. Retrieved from
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-019-04117-w
University of Engineering and Technology Taxila

75. 9. References
5. Hummaira, K., Tayyaba, L. M., Muhammad, S. A., Muhammad Asim, & Reena, M.
M. (2019, April 13). Human hair as a Fiber Reinforced Concrete for Enhancement
of Tensile Strength of the Concrete. Mehran University Research Journal of
Engineering & Technology, Vol. 39, No. 1, 63-70,(January 2020), 63-70.
doi:10.22581/muet1982.2001.07
6. Majumdar A.J., Fibre cement and concrete - a review, Garston: Building Research
Establishment, (1975)
7. Balaguru Perumalsamy N., Shah Sarendra P., Fibre Reinforced cement composites,
McGraw Hill International Editions (1992)
8. Neville A.M., Properties of Concrete, (2005)
9. Pickering,K.L.Properties and Performance of Natural Fibre Composites. Woodhead
Publishing in Materials.2008
10. Falkner, T.W. Falkner, Fibre Reinforced Concrete, Printed from: The technical
advisor, June 1993.
University of Engineering and Technology Taxila

76. Thank You
University of Engineering and Technology Taxila
Thank you