Decision control
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Control structures control program execution flow and include sequence, selection, and repetition. Selection structures like if statements and switch statements choose alternative code paths based on conditions. If statements test a single condition while switch statements select an alternative based on the value of an expression. Logical operators like && and || are used to combine conditions. Nested if statements contain if statements within other if statements.
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A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance.pptx
A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance.pptx
Decision control
- 1. Control structures control the flow of execution in a program or function. There are three kinds of execution flow: – Sequence: • the execution of the program is sequential. – Selection: • A control structure which chooses alternative to execute. – Repetition: • A control structure which repeats a group of statements. Control Structures in C
- 2. A program may choose among alternative statements by testing the value of key variables. – e.g., if( your_grade > 60 ) printf(“you are passed!”); Condition is an expression that is either false (represented by 0) or true (represented by 1). – e.g., “your_grade > 60” is a condition. Conditions may contain relational or equality operators, and have the following forms. – variable relational-operator variable (or constant) – variable equality-operator variable (or constant) Conditions
- 3. Operator Meaning Type < Less than Relational > Greater than Relational <= Less than or equal to Relational >= Greater than or equal to Relational == Equal to Equality != Not equal to Equality Operators Used in Conditions
- 4. Operator Condition Meaning <= x <= 0 x less than or equal to 0 < Power < MAX_POW Power less than MAX_POW == mom_or_dad == ‘M’ mom_or_dad equal to ‘M’ != num != SETINEL num not equal to SETINEL Examples of Conditions
- 5. Logical Operators There are three kinds of logical operators. – &&: and – ||: or – !: not Logical expression is an expression which uses one or more logical operators, e.g., – (temperature > 90.0 && humidity > 0.90) – !(n <= 0 || n >= 100).
- 6. Op 1 Op 2 Op 1 && Op2 Op 1 || Op2 nonzero nonzero 1 1 nonzero 0 0 1 0 nonzero 0 1 0 0 0 0 Op 1 ! Op 1 nonzero 0 0 1 The Truth Table of Logical Operators
- 7. The if statement is the primary selection control structure. Syntax: if (condition) statement; else statement; An example of two alternatives: if ( rest_heart_rate > 56 ) printf(“Keep up your exercise program!n”); else printf(“Your heart is in excellent health!n”); An example of one alternative: if ( x != 0.0 ) product = product * x; The if Statement
- 8. Decision Decision Flowcharts of if Statements with (a) Two Alternatives and (b) One Alternative
- 9. Nested if statement is an if statement with another if statement as its true task or false task. e.g., if (road_status == ‘S’) else printf(“Drive carefully!n”); if (temp > 0) { printf(“Wet roads ahead!n”); }else{ printf(“Icy roads ahead!n”); } Nested if Statements
- 10. Another if statement Main if statement An Example for the Flowchart of Nested if Statements
- 11. If there are many alternatives, it is better to use the syntax of multiple-alternative decision. Syntax: if (condition1) statement1 else if (condition2) statement2 … else if (conditionn) statementn else statemente Multiple- Alternative Decisions
- 12. An Example of Multiple-Alternative Decisions
- 13. The switch statement is used to select one of several alternatives when the selection is based on the value of a single variable or an expression. switch (controlling expression) { case label1: statement1 break; case label2: statement2 break; … case labeln: statementn break; default: statementd; } If the result of this controlling expression matches label1, execute staement1 and then break this switch block. If the result matches none of all labels, execute t default statementd. The switch Statement
- 14. class is a char variable. Two or more cases can execute the same statement. An Example of a switch Statement with Type char Case Labels