The Presentation is as per the syllabus of the subject ”Digital Communication” of B.E. VIth Semester of Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Maharashtra, India
Contents are
Digital Communication System
Line Coding
Scrambling
The Presentation is as per the syllabus of the subject ”Digital Communication” of B.E. VIth Semester of Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Maharashtra, India
Contents are
Digital Communication System
Line Coding
Scrambling
Data Communications (under graduate course) Lecture 5 of 5Randa Elanwar
Undergraduate course content:
Introduction: Types and sources of data, communication models, standards.
Data transmission: techniques, transmission media and characteristics.
Information theory: Information sources, information measure, entropy, source codes.
Line codes: characteristics, return-to-zero and non-return-to-zero signaling, bipolar alternate mark inversion, code (radix, redundancy and efficiency), important codes in current use, frequency spectra characteristics of common line codes, receiver clock synchronization, optical fiber systems, scramblers.
Modems: characteristics, modulation, equalization, control, V-standards.
Error Control: Transmission impairments, forward error control, linear block codes, feedback error control.
Introduction to Data Communication, Network, Protocols & standards and standards organizations - Line Configuration - Topology -Transmission mode - Classification of Network - OSI Model - Layers of OSI Model
Communication and networking for class 12.pptxnesia7885
Network and Communication refer to the interconnected systems and devices that enable the transfer of data and information between various endpoints. The main components of a network and communication system include hardware devices such as computers, routers, switches, and modems, and software protocols that govern the flow of data between these devices.
Introduction for telecommunication technology basic terms and concepts.
Referring the wikipedia, Slideshare and lecture note of Fudan university.
I got a reference documents from Google.
Digital Communication simply means devices communicating with each other in through digital signals. The signals are digitized and then the information is transferred through these digitized signals from source to destination.
But why Digital Communication or Digitization is needed?
Data Communications (under graduate course) Lecture 5 of 5Randa Elanwar
Undergraduate course content:
Introduction: Types and sources of data, communication models, standards.
Data transmission: techniques, transmission media and characteristics.
Information theory: Information sources, information measure, entropy, source codes.
Line codes: characteristics, return-to-zero and non-return-to-zero signaling, bipolar alternate mark inversion, code (radix, redundancy and efficiency), important codes in current use, frequency spectra characteristics of common line codes, receiver clock synchronization, optical fiber systems, scramblers.
Modems: characteristics, modulation, equalization, control, V-standards.
Error Control: Transmission impairments, forward error control, linear block codes, feedback error control.
Introduction to Data Communication, Network, Protocols & standards and standards organizations - Line Configuration - Topology -Transmission mode - Classification of Network - OSI Model - Layers of OSI Model
Communication and networking for class 12.pptxnesia7885
Network and Communication refer to the interconnected systems and devices that enable the transfer of data and information between various endpoints. The main components of a network and communication system include hardware devices such as computers, routers, switches, and modems, and software protocols that govern the flow of data between these devices.
Introduction for telecommunication technology basic terms and concepts.
Referring the wikipedia, Slideshare and lecture note of Fudan university.
I got a reference documents from Google.
Digital Communication simply means devices communicating with each other in through digital signals. The signals are digitized and then the information is transferred through these digitized signals from source to destination.
But why Digital Communication or Digitization is needed?
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
1. EC8501/DIGITAL COMMUNICATION
ROEVER ENGINEERING COLLEGE
ELAMBALUR, PERAMBALUR- 621 220
DEPARTMENTOFELECTRONICSANDCMMUNICATIONENGINEERING
Presented by
Mr.T.Azhagesvaran, AP (Sr.G)/ECE
Roever Engineering College
Perambalur
2. Communication Systems
.
EC 8501-DIGITAL COMMUNICATION
1. S. Haykin, “Digital Communications”, John Wiley, 2005
Communication Systems
⚫ Basic components:
⚫ Transmitter
⚫ Channel or medium
⚫ Receiver
⚫ Noise degrades or interferes with transmitted information.
4. Communication Systems
Communication Systems
Transmitter
⚫The transmitter is a collection of electronic components
and circuits that converts the electrical signal into a signal
suitable for transmission over a given medium.
⚫Transmitters are made up of oscillators, amplifiers, tuned
circuits and filters, modulators, frequency mixers, frequency
synthesizers, and other circuits.
5. Communication Systems
Communication Systems
Communication Channel
⚫The communication channel is the medium by which the
electronic signal is sent from one place to another.
⚫Types of media include
⚫ Electrical conductors
⚫ Optical media
⚫ Free space
⚫ System-specific media (e.g., water is the medium for sonar).
6. Communication Systems
Communication Systems
Receivers
⚫A receiver is a collection of electronic components and
circuits that accepts the transmitted message from the channel
and converts it back into a form understandable by humans.
⚫Receivers contain amplifiers, oscillators, mixers, tuned
circuits and filters, and a demodulator or detector that
recovers the original intelligence signal from the modulated
carrier.
8. Communication Systems
Communication Systems
Attenuation
⚫ Signal attenuation, or degradation, exists in all media of wireless
transmission. It is proportional to the square of the distance between the
transmitter and receiver.
Noise
⚫ Noise is random, undesirable electronic energy that enters the
communication system via the communicating medium and interferes
with the transmitted message.
9. Types of Electronic Communication
1. SIMPLEX
2. HALF-DUPLEX
3. FULL-DUPLEX
⚫ The simplest method of electronic communication is referred to as simplex.
⚫ This type of communication is one-way. Examples are:
⚫ Radio
⚫ TV broadcasting
⚫ Beeper (personal receiver)
1)Simplex Communication
10. Types of Electronic Communication
⚫ The form of two-way communication in which only one party transmits at a
time is known as half duplex. Examples are:
⚫ Police, military, etc. radio transmissions
⚫ Citizen band (CB)
⚫ Family radio
⚫ Amateur radio
2) Half Duplex Communication
11. Types of Electronic Communication
⚫ Most electronic communication is two-way and is referred to as
duplex.
⚫ When people can talk and listen simultaneously, it is called full duplex.
The telephone isan exampleof this typeof communication.
3) Full Duplex Communication
12. Basic Blocks of Digital Communication System
Information
Source
A / D
Converter
Source
Encoder
Channel
Encoder
Modulator
Information
Sink
D / A
Converter
Source
Decoder
Channel
Decoder
Demodulator
Channel
13. Basic Blocks of Digital Communication System
⚫ Information source
⚫ Analog Data: Microphone, speech signal, image, video etc…
⚫ Discrete (Digital) Data: keyboard, binary numbers, hex numbers, etc…
⚫ Analog to Digital Converter (A/D)
⚫ Sampling:
⚫ Converting continuous time signal to a digital signal
⚫ Quantization:
⚫ Converting the amplitude of the analog signal to a digital value
⚫ Coding:
⚫ Assigning a binary code to each finite amplitude in the analog signal
14. Basic Blocks of Digital Communication System
⚫ Source encoder
⚫ Represent the transmitted data more efficiently and remove redundant
information
Two types of encoding:
⚫ Lossless data compression (encoding)
⚫ Data can be recovered without any missing information
⚫ Lossy data compression (encoding)
⚫ Smaller size of data
⚫ Data removed in encoding can not be recovered again
15. Basic Blocks of Digital Communication System
⚫ Channel encoder:
⚫ To control the noise and to detect and correct the errors that can occur in
the transmitted data due the noise.
⚫ Modulator:
⚫ Represent the data in a form to make it compatible with the channel
⚫ Carrier signal “high frequency signal”
⚫ Demodulator:
⚫ Removes the carrier signal and reverse the process of the Modulator
16. Basic Blocks of Digital Communication System
⚫ Channel decoder:
⚫ Detects and corrects the errors in the signal gained from the channel
⚫ Source decoder:
⚫ Decompresses the data into it’s original format.
⚫ Digital toAnalog Converter:
⚫ Reverses the operation of theA/D
⚫ Needs techniques & knowledge quantization, and coding methods.
⚫ Information Sink
⚫ The User
17. Why shouldwe use digital communication?
⚫ Ease of regeneration
⚫ Pulses “ 0 , 1”
⚫ Easy to use repeaters
⚫ Noise immunity
⚫ Better noise handling when using repeaters that repeats the original
signal
⚫ Easy to differentiate between the values “either 0 or 1” High
Bandwidth
⚫ High BW
⚫ Ease of Transmission
⚫ Less errors Faster Better productivity
18. Why shouldwe use digital communication?
⚫ Ease of multiplexing
⚫ Transmitting several signals simultaneously
⚫ Use of modern technology
⚫ Less cost !
⚫ Ease of encryption
⚫ Security and privacy guarantee
⚫ Handles most of the encryption techniques
19. Types of Transmission
1)Baseband Transmission
⚫ Baseband information can be sent directly and unmodified over the
medium or can be used to modulate a carrier for transmission over
the medium.
⚫ In telephone or intercom systems, the voice is placed on
the wires and transmitted.
⚫ In some computer networks, the digital signals are applied
directly to coaxial or twisted-paircables for transmission.
20. Types of Transmission
2) Broadband Transmission
⚫ A carrier is a high frequency signal that is modulated by audio, video, or
data.
⚫ A radio-frequency (RF) wave is an electromagnetic signal that is able to
travel long distances through space.
21. Difference between Analog Communication and Digital Communication
S.No. ANALOG COMMUNICATION DIGITAL COMMUNICATION
01.
In analog communication analog signal is used for
information transmission.
In digital communication digital signal is used for
information transmission.
02.
Analog communication uses analog signal whose
amplitude varies continuously with time from 0 to
100.
Digital communication uses digital signal whose
amplitude is of two levels either Low i.e., 0 or either
High i.e., 1.
03.
It gets affected by noise highly during
transmission through communication channel.
It gets affected by noise less during transmission
through communication channel.
04.
In analog communication only limited number of
channels can be broadcasted simultaneously.
It can broadcast large number of channels
simultaneously.
05.
In analog communication error Probability is
high.
In digital communication error Probability is low.
06. In analog communication noise immunity is poor. In digital communication noise immunity is good.
22. Difference between Analog Communication and Digital Communication
07. In analog communication coding is not possible.
In digital communication coding is possible. Different
coding techniques can be used to detect and correct
errors.
08.
Separating out noise and signal in analog
communication is not possible.
Separating out noise and signal in digital
communication is possible.
09.
Analog communication system is having complex
hardware and less flexible.
Digital communication system is having less complex
hardware and more flexible.
10.
In analog communication for multiplexing Frequency
Division Multiplexing (FDM) is used.
In Digital communication for multiplexing Time
Division Multiplexing (TDM) is used.
11. Analog communication system is low cost. Digital communication system is high cost.
23. Difference between Analog Communication and Digital Communication
12. It requires low bandwidth. It requires high bandwidth.
13. Power consumption is high. Power consumption is low.
14. It is less portable. Portability is high.
15.
No privacy or privacy is low, so it is not highly
secured.
Privacy is high, so it is highly secured.
16. Not assures an accurate data transmission. It assures a more accurate data transmission.
17. Synchronization problem is hard. Synchronization problem is easier.
24. UNIT-I- INFORMATION THEORY
Discrete Memoryless source, Information, Entropy,
Information - Discrete Memoryless channels –
Mutual
Binary
Symmetric Channel, Channel Capacity - Hartley - Shannon law -
Source coding theorem - Shannon - Fano & Huffmancodes