Indian agriculture has its origins in the Indus Valley Civilization. Agriculture involves growing crops and raising livestock. India's main agricultural crops are rice and wheat. Agriculture makes up a quarter of India's economy and employs 60% of its workforce. There are two main types of agriculture in India - industrialized agriculture which uses industrial techniques to mass produce crops and livestock for sale, and subsistence agriculture where small family farms produce enough only for their own consumption. Farming systems vary across India's different regions depending on climate and geography. India is heavily dependent on its monsoon rains for agricultural production.

1. INDIAN AGRICULTURE

2. ORIGIN :
 The history of Agriculture in India dates back to Indus Valley
Civilization Era.
 Agri is from Latin ager ("a field"), and culture is from
Latin cultura, meaning "cultivation" in the strict sense of
"tillage of the soil."
 India's agriculture is composed of many crops, with the
foremost food staples being rice and wheat.
 The agriculture accounts for as much as a quarter of the Indian
economy and employs an estimated 60 percent of the labor
force.

3. AGRICULTURE TYPES:
 In recent history, agriculture has been the main source of
the food we consume on a daily basis.
 Agriculture is the term used to describe the act of growing
crops and raising livestock for human consumption and
use.
 Currently, agriculture is divided into two different types
 Industrialized agriculture
 Subsistence agriculture.

4. INDUSTRIALIZED AGRICULTURE:
 Industrialized agriculture is the type of agriculture where
large quantities of crops and livestock are produced through
industrialized techniques for the purpose of sale.
 The goal of industrialized agriculture is to increase crop yield.
SUBSISTENCE ARICULTURE:
 Subsistence agriculture is when a farmer lives on a small
amount of land and produces enough food to feed his or her
household and have a small cash crop.
 The goal of subsistence agriculture is to produce enough food
to ensure the survival of the individual family.

5.  Farming Systems in India are strategically utilized, according to the
locations where they are most suitable.
 The farming systems that significantly contribute to the domestic
GDP of India are subsistence farming, organic farming,
and industrial farming.
 Regions throughout India differ in types of farming they use; some
are based on horticulture, ley farming, agroforestry, and many
more.
 Due to India's geographical location, certain parts experience different
climates, thus affecting each region's agricultural productivity
differently.
 India is very dependent on its monsoon cycle for large crop yields.
FARMING SYSTEM IN INDIA:

6. PICTORIAL DESCRIPTION:

7. PRODUCTION METHODS:
Organic farming can be explained as an agricultural method wherein the following
techniques are used:
 Crop Rotation: A technique to grow various kinds of crops in the same area,
according to different seasons, in a sequential manner
 Green Manure: Refers to the dying plants that are uprooted and stuffed into the
soil in order to make them act as a nutrient for the soil to increase its quality
 Biological Pest Control: A method in which living organisms are used to
control pests, without or with limited use of chemicals
 Compost: Highly rich in nutrients, this is a recycled organic matter used as a
fertilizer in the agricultural farms

8. AGRICULRTURE PRODUCTION:
 India's food grain production increased marginally to 252.23 million tones in the
2015-16 crop year, as per the third advance estimates, despite setback due to
deficient rainfall and shortage of water in reservoirs.
 Production of rice, coarse cereals, pulses, oilseeds, sugarcane ,cotton and jute was
lower due to erratic rainfall during the 2015 monsoon season.
 As per the 3 rd advance estimates for 2015-16 total food grains production in the
country has been higher than that in the last year.
 Rice production during 2015-16 is estimated at 103.36 million tones, which is
lower by 2.12 million tones than its production of 105.48 million tones during
2014-15.

9. Salient Features of Agriculture:
There are certain salient features of agriculture in India. Some of these
are:
 Subsistence Agriculture
 Pressure of Population on Agriculture
 Mechanization of Farming
 Dependency upon Monsoon
 Importance of Animals
 Variety of Crops
 Predominance of Food Crops
 Seasonal Patterns

10. Problems Faced by the Agriculture Sector:
There are certain problems and challenges faced by the agriculture sector
in India. Some such problems are:
Stagnation in Production of Major Crops
Soil Exhaustion
Decrease in Fresh Ground Water
Agricultural Marketing
Lack of Storage Facilities
Costly Farm Inputs
Affect of Global Climate Change
 Farmer Suicides

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