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TDD + JavaScript
Refactoring

Wolfram Kriesing, uxebu @wolframkriesing
Schedule
Intro Collect Dive in Crowd Start Solid
break
we hack
What did you take
away?
Reminder
Software
Craftsmanship
Apprentice
Journeyman
Master
no IFs
Refactoring
Design is hard.
The design of
reusable software
is especially hard.
Reusable software usually is the
result of many design iterations.
William F. Opdyke, 1992
it’sallaboutdesign
Books, papers
• „REFACTORING OBJECT-ORIENTED FRAMEWORKS“

William F. Opdyke, 1992

http://www.ai.univ-paris8.fr/~lysop/opdyke-thesis.pdf

• „Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code“

Martin Fowler, 1999

• „Working Effectively with Legacy Code“

Michael Feathers, 2004

• „31 Days of Refactoring“

http://lostechies.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/31DaysRefactoring.pdf

• „Subjective evaluation of software evolvability using code smells: An
empirical study“

http://www.soberit.hut.fi/~mmantyla/ESE_2006.pdf
http://www.testingeducation.org/pt/Refactoring-smells.pdf
Our software …
we plan first
over time …
https://www.flickr.com/photos/ronipothead/6294148752
it gets rusty …
we should …
improve design
after
code was written
Improve design
after
code was written
what?
isn’t it reverse?
Tennis
Let’s collect smells!
Where does it come
from?
smalltalk
- made it popular
- enables agility
get from the book:
- code smells
- refactoring techniques
Incremental Design
Improve structure all the time
was not possible with this tower, of course
https://www.flickr.com/photos/jessicabee/897482687/
Baby Steps
to
Stay Green
Refactoring in action
Refactoring in action
• monolithic

• >1 indention levels

• nested loops











• modular

• explicit function names

• tiny functions

• max. one level indent

• no nested loops

• composing
• transparent responsibilities
• separation of concerns
• possible reusability
• code structure
• no unmaintained comments
• transparent responsibilities
• separation of concerns
• possible reusability
• code structure
What are code
smells?
http://james.padolsey.com/javascript/jquery-code-smells/
$ prefixing
Artificial selectors
Inefficient jQuery usage
Hard-code dependencies
Chain explosion
No-caching
It’s all automatically detectable!
Explore
Stabilize
Commoditize
e.g. with esprima
:-)
Common
Code Smells
https://www.flickr.com/photos/awnisalan/352498081
Common
Code Smells
https://www.flickr.com/photos/awnisalan/352498081
1) Low-hanging fruit
Comments
• may be wrong

• they rot

• useless

• actual good (method) name
Long methods
• hard to read

• many contexts

• too many LOC

• too many statements

• define your own
Duplicated code
• duplicated bugs

• double the fixes

• more code to ship

• performance break
Bad names
Long parameter list
• too many responsibilities

• bad API

• hard to use

• hard to maintain

• points to design defects
Boolean trap
• intention not clear

• easy to understand wrong
Complexity
Inconsistent names
Dead code
many more …
Common
Code Smells
https://www.flickr.com/photos/awnisalan/352498081
1) Low-hanging fruit
2) Boomerang
Conditionals
Combinatorial Explosion
Type embedding
Data Clumps
sets of variables that are always together, get passed in, etc. => extract into class
avoid placing types in method names; it's not only redundant, but it forces you to
change the name if the type changes
You have lots of code that does almost the same thing
watch out for large conditional logic blocks

particularly blocks that tend to grow larger or change significantly over time
Feature envy
a method making more use of another class than the one it is in
Speculative Generality
write code to solve today's problems

and worry about tomorrow's problems when they actually materialize
Common
Code Smells
https://www.flickr.com/photos/awnisalan/352498081
1) Low-hanging fruit
2) Boomerang
3) In tests
Test smells
http://xunitpatterns.com/Test%20Smells.html
Obscure test
it is difficult to understand the test at a glance
Conditional test logic
• tests take too long to run

• make developers not run the tests

• leads to untested code

• demotivates continuous testing

• make code rot
Setup too complex
Unclear Act
Multiple asserts
No assert
Logic in test
Duplication in tests
Dependent tests
Modification of unit under test
General fixture
a setUp method contains code only used by some tests
Lazy test
using the same fixture for multiple tests
Test run war
test can only be run by one person at a time, due to use of same external ressource
JavaScript
Code Smells
https://www.flickr.com/photos/brian-fitzgerald/3334353375
?
Refactorings
http://refactoring.com/catalog/

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Day2 - Refactoring (Lecture SS 2015)