Space data comes from sensors on satellites and contains unique properties. It requires specialized processing techniques due to its large size. Data analytics and artificial intelligence are increasingly being used to analyze space data and extract useful information. For example, NASA uses AI to optimize data downloading from the Mars Express spacecraft to prevent data loss. In the future, AI may enable more autonomous spacecraft navigation and coordinated control of multiple spacecraft.

1. SPACE DATA ANALYSIS
M S PRASAD
AMITY UNIVERSITY NOIDA U.P

2. • SPACE Data : IS it a Big Data ?
Source of Data
• Unique Properties
• Processing Techniques
• Legacy Techniques
• Data Analytics
• AI Based data analysis

3. Space data – or big data from space – is a term used to describe the camera and sensor
information gathered by space-borne monitoring equipment (satellites),
and the process of extrapolating patterns from it using analytical software.
Big Data
“You can have data without information, but you cannot have information without data.”
“Without big data, you are blind and deaf in the middle of a freeway.”
“Big data is at the foundation of all the megatrends that are happening today, from social to mobile to
cloud to gaming.”
“There were 5 exabytes of information created between the dawn of civilization through 2003, but that
much information is now created every 2 days.”
“Hiding within those mounds of data is knowledge that could change the life of a patient, or change the
world.”
"​The amount of nonsense that can be packed into the term 'Big Data' doubles approximately every
two years."

4. Big Data driven analytical engines for their Curiosity Rover project. The
underlying technology was an open source program, called Elasticsearch, one
that also powers companies like Netflix and Goldman Sachs.
World’s largest radio telescope. Square Kilometer Array (SKA), has been estimated
to produce about 700 terabytes per second of data.

5. The future of farming will rely on big data to give farmers
new insights into how they can grow crops more efficiently
and sustainably.
There has long been a wealth of coastal information but
no easy way to analyse and make sense of it. Big data
analytics is changing that.
Space information network (SIN) is an integrated network
system of various space information platforms (e.g.,
satellites, stratospheric airships, manned or unmanned
aerial vehicles) to enable real-time sensing, collection,
transmission, and processing of various space
information, as well as to realize both global and localized
tailor-made systematized information services.

7. Spectrum Sharing between Sensors

8. FLOOD MONITORING
Flood extent monitoring and mapping with both optical
and radar-based payloads, making this solution robust to
all-weather and day-and-night conditions. Down to 5 days
monitoring frequency and on-demand high-resolution
mapping capabilities.
WILDFIRE RISK FORECASTING
More than ten thousand homes and hundreds of lives
have been lost to wildfires in recent years. This trend is
likelly to continue due to climate change. Wildfire risk
models can predict the likelihood and magnitude of
wildfires to occur. Such models can be used to simulate
wildfires, providing insights and risk metrics for wildfire-
prone zones.

9. HUMAN ACTIVITY ANALYTICS
Monitoring human activity provides valuable information
across several retail categories. Maps can be generated
for benchmarking human activity across several
commercial locations that can be used for real-estate
development, retail, tourism and recreation. The data is
available worlwide and is fully-anonymous.

11. CASE STUDY : MARS EXPRESS EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY 2004
The spacecraft generates huge volumes of
scientific data, which must be downloaded to Earth
at the right time and in the correct sequence,
otherwise data packets can be permanently lost
when the limited on-board memory is overwritten
by newly collected data.
Traditionally, data downloading was managed using human-operated scheduling software to
generate command sequences sent to Mars Express "This is tedious, time-consuming and never
really eliminated the occasional loss - forever - of valuable science data
MEXAR2 (MARS Express AI tool ) works by intelligently projecting which on-board data
packets might be later lost due to memory conflicts, optimising the data download schedule
and generating the commands needed to implement the download.

12. DEEP SPACE NAVIGATION
Spacecraft navigation :
•Orbit determination, or estimation and prediction of spacecraft position and velocity
•Flight path control, or firing a rocket engine or thruster to alter a spacecraft’s velocity

13. Future capabilities explored:
•Missions consisting of multiple spacecraft could require coordinated navigation.
•Missions in the New Frontiers and Discovery classes could require development of low-thrust and low-
energy mission design and navigation capabilities, as well as multiple-flyby trajectories.
•Future small-body sample-return and interior-characterization missions could require further reductions of
uncertainties in navigation delivery to small bodies by an order of magnitude.
•Missions that could need very high accuracy relative to their targets will require the continued development
and extension of the multi mission, autonomous, onboard navigation system (AutoNav) to be a complete
autonomous guidance, navigation, and control system, or AutoGNC.

14. Trend#1: Earth Observation Data Analytics
Trend#2: Space 4.0 and Industry 4.0
Machine Learning in Outer Space Data
Transmission
Machine Learning in Planet Data Analytics
Machine Learning in Space Navigation
Machine Learning in Rocket Landing