Dasar Ultrasonografi Abdomen.pdf
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Ultrasound uses transducers with different frequencies to produce images from the reflection of sound waves. The position and planes of the transducer and artifacts in the images provide important medical information. Key aspects of ultrasound exams include the machine controls, linear and convex transducers, imaging planes, echogenicity, patient positioning, and artifacts like acoustic shadows and posterior sound transmission that indicate structures behind reflective or absorptive tissues.
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Ultrasound uses high-frequency sound waves to produce images of the inside of the body. It has several medical uses including scanning fetuses, viewing organs for abnormalities, and guiding procedures. During an exam, gel is applied and a transducer sends pulses into the body. The echoes are converted into images that can evaluate things like blood flow, organ size, and gallstones. Different transducer types exist for various applications. Ultrasound is safe, non-invasive, and does not use ionizing radiation. Artifacts can occur and need to be distinguished from actual anatomy. Overall, ultrasound provides information to diagnose a variety of conditions.
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This document provides information about ultrasound imaging, including:
- Ultrasound uses high-frequency sound waves to produce images of the inside of the body without radiation.
- It is widely used due to its availability, low cost, speed, and ability to image in real-time.
- Common uses include imaging organs like the heart, liver, kidneys, and monitoring fetal development.
- The procedure involves a transducer sending sound waves into the body and receiving echoes to produce images.
Basics of Ultrasound
Ultrasound uses high-frequency sound waves to produce images of the inside of the body in real-time without using radiation. It is widely used due to its availability, low cost, speed, and ability to show internal structures and blood flow. Common uses include examining organs like the heart, liver, and kidneys, as well as guiding procedures, imaging breasts and blood vessels, and assessing fetal development in pregnancies. The procedure works by a transducer sending sound waves into the body and receiving echoes to create images based on the return signal.
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Ultrasound uses sound waves that are reflected or absorbed by tissues to produce images. The document discusses several key aspects of ultrasound including:
1. The principle of how an electric current causes crystals in the transducer to vibrate and produce ultrasound waves.
2. Common applications like exams of the carotid arteries, abdomen, and pregnant women. Patient positioning and different planes (transverse, sagittal) are described.
3. How tissues appear on ultrasound based on their density and how they reflect or absorb sound waves (anechoic, hyperechoic, etc.). Artifacts like acoustic shadows and posterior transmission are discussed.
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- Common uses include imaging organs like the heart, liver, kidneys, and monitoring fetal development.
- The procedure involves a transducer sending sound waves into the body and receiving echoes to produce images.
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- 1. Dasar Ultrasonografi Abdomen H F Wulandari
- 2. Objective • Ultrasound machine • Transducers • Frequency • Echogenicity • Patients position • Planes • Artifact
- 6. Depth
- 7. Focus
- 8. Gain
- 10. Zoom
- 12. Transducers
- 14. Frequency Convex • 3-5 MHZ • 1-5 MHz Linear • 7-11 MHz
- 15. Echogenicity
- 17. PLANES
- 18. Longitudinal = Sagital Axial = transversal
- 20. Longitudinal scan Transversal scan http://www.simtics.com/Catalog/Procedure/BUST
- 22. Transversal plane • The top of the ultrasound image is the anterior side and the bottom is the posterior side. • Left on the image is actually right and vice versa. The body is seen from below
- 24. Sagittal plane • The top of the ultrasound image is the anterior side and the bottom is the posterior side. • Right on the image is towards the feet (= caudal) and left is towards the head (= cranial).
- 26. ARTIFACTS
- 27. Artifacts • Ultrasound examinations associated with a diversity of ultrasound artifacts and can be encountered during the examination. • Two important artifacts : – Acoustic shadow and – Posterior sound transmission. • Even though these are artifacts, they are valuable in practice
- 28. Acoustic shadow • Is caused by two different phenomena, total reflection or absorption. • Total reflection occurs on the boundary surface between gas/tissue because of the large difference in density between gas and tissue. • Total absorption occurs when the sound waves are absorbed by calcareous structures (= including stones, bone).
- 29. Acoustic shadow • Sound waves are (virtually) all reflected/absorbed; • No sound waves reach the area behind these structures, making this part of the ultrasound image entirely anechogenic (= black). This is termed acoustic shadow
- 34. Posterior sound transmission • These phenomena occur when sound waves move through an anechogenic structure, usually a cyst.
- 37. Cyst vs Solid