This document provides biographical information on several 18th century English authors. It discusses Daniel Defoe's works including Robinson Crusoe and Moll Flanders. It also summarizes Tobias Smollett's novels The Adventures of Roderick Random and The Expedition of Humphry Clinker. Finally, it briefly outlines Laurence Sterne's novel Tristram Shandy, considered one of the first modern novels.

1. M.KARTHICK M.A.,M.Phil.,NET
Secondary Grade Teacher
E-Mail: sharkykarthick@gmail.com
Whats app business: 9080404006

2.  Pioneer of economic journalism
 Early works:
 Essay on Projects
 Practical proposals for the establishment of society
 proposals for reforming the banking system and
insurance etc.,
 The True-Born Englishman (1701)
 First Literary Success
 Defended the foreign born king William III
 Described English people as “a race uncertain and uneven derived from
all the nations under heaven
 A Verse Satire.

3.  Subtitled: Proposals for the establishment of the church
 Satire on Anglican Tories and the Parliament
 Inspired by Swift’s Modest Proposal
 Published article in The Review later he edited
Mercator a trade journal.
 At the age of 56, ventured into fiction by A True
Apparition of One Mrs. Veal (1706)

4.  Robinson Crusoe (1719)
 The Farther Adventures of Robinson Crusoe (1719)
 The Serious Reflection of Robinson Crusoe (1720)
 Memoirs of Cavalier (1720)
 Captain Singleton (1720)
 A journal Plague Year (1722)
 Moll Flanders (1722)
 Roxana or The Fortunate Mistress (1724)

5.  Robinson Crusoe
 Captain's Widow
 Xury, A servant on the ship on which young Crusoe is
a slave
 the Captain of the Ship The captain of the ship that
rescues young Crusoe and Xury; this man befriends
young Crusoe and offers him money and guidance.
They reunite after Crusoe's 35 years on the island.
 Friday A "savage" whom Crusoe rescues from certain
death at the hands of cannibals. Friday is handsome,
intelligent, brave, and loyal, none of which are
qualities usually associated with "savages." He serves
Crusoe faithfully throughout his life.

6.  The narrative describes the life of the Englishman,
Singleton, stolen from a well-to-do family as a child
and raised by Gypsies, eventually making his way to
sea. The former half of the book concerns Singleton's
crossing of Africa, the latter half concerning his life as
a pirate in the Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea

7.  Captain Bob Singleton
 William Walters, a Quaker
 Captain Wilmot
 Captain Avery

8. Moll Flanders
The narrator and protagonist of the novel, who actually
goes by a number of names during the course of her
lifetime
Moll's Mother
A convicted felon, Moll's mother was transported to the
American colonies soon after her daughter was born.
The Nurse
The Elder Brother
Robert
 The Draper
Moll's second husband, a tradesman with the manners
of a gentleman

9.  The Plantation Owner
A man who marries Moll under the deception that she has
a great fortune. Later she learns that he is her half
brother.
The Gentleman
The Banker
 Jemy
Also called James and my Lancashire husband

10.  Full title:
The Fortunes and Misfortunes of the Famous Moll
Flanders Who was born in Newgate, and during a life of
continu'd Variety for Threescore Years, besides her
Childhood, was Twelve Years a Whore, five times a Wife
(whereof once to her brother) Twelve Years a Thief, Eight
Years a Transported Felon in Virginia, at last grew Rich,
liv'd Honest and died a Penitent

11.  Colonel Jack (1722)
 A Journal of the Plague Year (1722)
 Realistic account of The Great plague (1665)

12. •First novel – A Political Romance (1759)
•Explores a squabble between a church-lawyer, an archibishop and a dean
•The novel was supressed and burned
• TRISTRAM SHANDY (1759)
•Full Title: The Life and Opinions of Tristriam Shandy, Gentleman
•First two volumes – (1759) totally 11 volumes.
•Comical, moral and sentimental treatment.
•Treats sex as absurd and sad.
•Yorick, a village parson and the close friend of Shandy- representation of
Sterene himself
•Refuses to narrate the story properly- focusus on minor characters
•HOBBY HORSES- Influence of John Locke’s- Empiricism-Human Lonliness.

13.  Dr.Johnson, Samuel Richardson and Oliver Goldsmith
condemn the anarchaic narration in Tristram Shandy.
 Russian Formalist-example-literariness and
defamiliarization
 The most typical novel in western literature- Victor
Shklovsky
 Parody of the novel- Anti novel
 Seven month tour of France- A Sentimental Journey
through Fran

14.  Bertrand Russell in his book The Principles of
Mathematics to evidentiate the inner contradictions
 A historic site in Geneva, Ohio, called Shandy Hall, is part
of the Western Reserve Historical Society. The home was
named after the house described in Tristram Shandy.
 In Anthony Trollope's novel Barchester Towers, the
narrator speculates that the scheming clergyman, Mr Slope,
is descended from Dr Slop in Tristram Shandy (the extra
letter having been added for the sake of appearances). Slope
is also called "Obadiah", a reference to another character in
Sterne's novel.

15.  Russian writer Alexander Zhitinsky made multiple
references to Tristram Shandy in his novel The Flying
House, or Conversations with Milord (the "milord" of the
title being Sterne).
 C. S. Lewis refers to Tristram Shandy in the context of
trying to describe his interactions with his own father
 The text of Tristram Shandy uses the phrase "my father" at
the head of a paragraph fifty-one times
 Christopher Morley, Editor of the Saturday Review of
Literature, wrote a preface to the Limited Edition Club
issue of Sterne's classic. That preface appears in Morley's
book "Streamlines" published by Doubleday, Doran, in
1932, and is titled "Tristram Shandy".

16. Tristram Shandy
 Walter Shandy -Tristram's philosophically-minded
father
Elizabeth Shandy- (Mrs. Shandy)
Captain Toby Shandy (Uncle Toby)- Corporal Trim
Manservant and sidekick to Uncle Toby
Dr. Slop
Parson Yorick

17.  Famous for picaresque novels
 The Adventures of Rodrick Random (1748)
 The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle (1751)
 The Expedition of Humphry Clinker (1771)
 Influenced Charles Dickens

18.  partially based on Smollett's experience as a naval-
surgeon’s mate in the Royal Navy, especially during
the Battle of Cartagena de Indias in 1741.
 Preface- Smollett acknowledges the connections of his
novel to the two satirical picaresque works he
translated into English: Miguel de Cervantes' Don
Quixote (1605–15) and Alain-René Lesage's Gil
Blas (1715–47)

19.  tells the story of an egotistical man who experiences luck
and misfortunes in the height of 18th-century European
society.
 Peregrine's detailed life experience provides a scope for
Smollett's satire on human cruelty, stupidity, and greed
 The novel also contains a lengthy independent story called
The Memoirs of a Lady of Quality, written by Frances
Vane, Viscountess Vane.
 Trunnion- inspired Charles Dickens to create the
character of Wemmick in Great Expectations

20.  Commodore Trunnion – a famous comic character
 GB Shaw got his plot for Pygmalion
 The Life and Adventures of Launcelot Greaves (1760)
Written in prison
Imitation of Cerventes
Lancelot and Timothy Squire – Don Quixote and Sancho
Panza

21.  The setting, amidst the high-society spa towns, inns,
and seaside resorts of the 18th century, provides his
characters with many opportunities
for satirical observations on English and Scottish life,
manners, and politics.
 The author's travels in Scotland, France, and Italy
influenced his novel.
 Inspired Charles Dickens

22.  Roderick "Rory" Random The hero and narrator, son of
a Scottish gentleman and a lower-class woman.
 Hugh Strap- companion
 Narcissa A gentlewoman
 Tom BowlingRandom's maternal uncle, he is a sailor
who attempts to support Random as best as he can
between voyages.

23.  George Orwell, writing in the Tribune in 1944, said
regarding the novels Roderick Random and Peregrine
Pickle: "Peregrine devotes himself for months at a time
to the elaborate and horribly cruel practical jokes in
which the eighteenth century delighted”
 Smollett often attains a truthfulness that more serious
novelists have missed

24.  The Governess, or The Little Female Academy (1749)
– for children
 The Adventures of David Simple (1744) – a Grand
success
 Subtitled: Containing an account of his travels through
the cities of London and Westminster in search of real
friend
 David Simple: Volume the last, In Which His History Is
Concluded (1753)

25. Jenney and her friends together- Mrs teachrum
Preface
The Beginning
The Life of Miss Jenny Peace
Monday
Barbarico and Benefico
Monday's Moral Lesson
Tuesday
The Life of Miss Sukey Jennett
The Life of Miss Dolly Friendly

26. Wednesday
The Story of Caelia and Chloe
The Life of Miss Lucy Sly
Thursday
Peggy Smith's Letter
The Life of Miss Patty Lockit
Friday
The Princess Hebe
Saturday
The Story of Hebe (cont.)
After the Story
Sunday
The Life of Miss Nanny Spruce
The Life of Miss Betty Ford

27. Thank You