The Czech Republic, with an area of 79,000 km² and a population of 10.4 million, was formed from the historical region of Bohemia and became independent in 1993. Its capital, Prague, is a cultural and economic hub, attracting 4.1 million international visitors annually, with a UNESCO-listed historic center. It operates as a parliamentary republic, with the president serving as a ceremonial head of state and a prime minister holding significant executive power.