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Process in Criminal Investigations:
Supplement
Prof. David Opderbeck
Seton Hall University Law School
© 2016-2019 David W. Opderbeck
Creative Commons Attribution / Share-Alike
Tracing an Email
 View the email header
Tracing an Email
Tracing an Email
Tracing an Email
Tracing an Email
Tracing an Email
Tracing an Email
 View the email header
 Using a header tool
Tracing an Email
Tracing an Email
 View the email header
 Using a header tool
 Reverse IP Lookup
 WhoIs Lookup
Tracing an Email
Tracing an Email
Tracing an Email
Tracing an Email
Comprehensive Drug Testing Case
 Facts / Background
 BALCO baseball steroids investigation, grand
jury subpoena and search warrants for
records and samples at a testing company
 Motions to quash, eventual appeal to Ninth
Circuit en banc
Comprehensive Drug Testing Case
 “The pressing need of law enforcement for
broad authorization to examine electronic
records . . . creates a serious risk that
every warrant for electronic information will
become, in effect, a general warrant,
rendering the Fourth Amendment
irrelevant.”
 “Seizure of, for example, Google’s email servers to
look for a few incriminating messages could jeopardize
the privacy of millions.”
Comprehensive Drug Testing Case
 Kozinkski concurrence: details procedures
courts should require in warrants and
subpoenas for computer information
 Bea concurring in part: Kozinski’s
procedures are advisory
 Callahan concurring in part: Kozinski’s
procedures are not joined by a majority of
the en banc court and aren’t binding;
further they are overbroad and
unreasonably restrictive
Scale of Requests (Google)
SRC = Google Transparency Report
Scale of Requests (Google)
SRC = Google Transparency Report
Scale of Requests (Google)
SRC = Google Transparency Report
Scale of Requests (Microsoft)
IMG SRC = https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/corporate-responsibility/lerr
Scale of Requests (Microsoft)
IMG SRC = https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/corporate-responsibility/lerr
Scale of Requests (Facebook)
IMG SRC = https://transparency.facebook.com/government-data-requests
Scale of Requests (Facebook)
IMG SRC = https://transparency.facebook.com/government-data-requests
Scale of Requests (Facebook)
IMG SRC = https://transparency.facebook.com/government-data-requests
(Jan – June 2018)
Google Privacy Policy
We will share personal information with companies, organizations or
individuals outside of Google if we have a good-faith belief that access,
use, preservation or disclosure of the information is reasonably necessary
to:
meet any applicable law, regulation, legal process or enforceable
governmental request.
enforce applicable Terms of Service, including investigation of potential
violations.
detect, prevent, or otherwise address fraud, security or technical issues.
protect against harm to the rights, property or safety of Google, our
users or the public as required or permitted by law.
SCA Extraterritoriality
 U.S. v. Microsoft and the CLOUD Act
 “A [service provider] shall comply with the
obligations of this chapter to preserve,
backup, or disclose the contents of a wire or
electronic communication and any record or
other information pertaining to a customer or
subscriber within such provider’s
possession, custody, or control, regardless
of whether such communication, record, or
other information is located within or outside
of the United States.”
Updates: SCA Extraterritoriality
IMG SRC = https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cloud/library/cl-cloudstorage/
Updates: SCA Extraterritoriality
IMG SRC = https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cloud/library/cl-cloudstorage/
Carpenter v. U.S. (2018)
Carpenter v. U.S. (2018)
 Roberts Majority
 Third party doctrine does not apply to historic cell site
information: “seismic shifts in digital technology” make
tracking much easier
 Warrant with probable cause required
Carpenter v. U.S. (2018)
 Kennedy dissent (with Thomas and Alito)
 Third party doctrine should apply even though new
technology
 “A person’s movements are not particularly private.”
 Cell site records “disclose a person’s location only in a
generalized area.”
 Cell phones also make committing crimes easier
Carpenter v. U.S. (2018)
 Alito dissent, with Thomas
 Leave the third party doctrine intact and let Congress
address any particular issues
 Gorsuch dissent
 Fourth Amendment ties to a property interest and the third
party doctrine should be overturned entirely

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Cybersecurity Skills: Email Tracing and Legal Process

  • 1. Process in Criminal Investigations: Supplement Prof. David Opderbeck Seton Hall University Law School © 2016-2019 David W. Opderbeck Creative Commons Attribution / Share-Alike
  • 2. Tracing an Email  View the email header
  • 8. Tracing an Email  View the email header  Using a header tool
  • 10. Tracing an Email  View the email header  Using a header tool  Reverse IP Lookup  WhoIs Lookup
  • 15. Comprehensive Drug Testing Case  Facts / Background  BALCO baseball steroids investigation, grand jury subpoena and search warrants for records and samples at a testing company  Motions to quash, eventual appeal to Ninth Circuit en banc
  • 16. Comprehensive Drug Testing Case  “The pressing need of law enforcement for broad authorization to examine electronic records . . . creates a serious risk that every warrant for electronic information will become, in effect, a general warrant, rendering the Fourth Amendment irrelevant.”  “Seizure of, for example, Google’s email servers to look for a few incriminating messages could jeopardize the privacy of millions.”
  • 17. Comprehensive Drug Testing Case  Kozinkski concurrence: details procedures courts should require in warrants and subpoenas for computer information  Bea concurring in part: Kozinski’s procedures are advisory  Callahan concurring in part: Kozinski’s procedures are not joined by a majority of the en banc court and aren’t binding; further they are overbroad and unreasonably restrictive
  • 18. Scale of Requests (Google) SRC = Google Transparency Report
  • 19. Scale of Requests (Google) SRC = Google Transparency Report
  • 20. Scale of Requests (Google) SRC = Google Transparency Report
  • 21. Scale of Requests (Microsoft) IMG SRC = https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/corporate-responsibility/lerr
  • 22. Scale of Requests (Microsoft) IMG SRC = https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/corporate-responsibility/lerr
  • 23. Scale of Requests (Facebook) IMG SRC = https://transparency.facebook.com/government-data-requests
  • 24. Scale of Requests (Facebook) IMG SRC = https://transparency.facebook.com/government-data-requests
  • 25. Scale of Requests (Facebook) IMG SRC = https://transparency.facebook.com/government-data-requests (Jan – June 2018)
  • 26. Google Privacy Policy We will share personal information with companies, organizations or individuals outside of Google if we have a good-faith belief that access, use, preservation or disclosure of the information is reasonably necessary to: meet any applicable law, regulation, legal process or enforceable governmental request. enforce applicable Terms of Service, including investigation of potential violations. detect, prevent, or otherwise address fraud, security or technical issues. protect against harm to the rights, property or safety of Google, our users or the public as required or permitted by law.
  • 27. SCA Extraterritoriality  U.S. v. Microsoft and the CLOUD Act  “A [service provider] shall comply with the obligations of this chapter to preserve, backup, or disclose the contents of a wire or electronic communication and any record or other information pertaining to a customer or subscriber within such provider’s possession, custody, or control, regardless of whether such communication, record, or other information is located within or outside of the United States.”
  • 28. Updates: SCA Extraterritoriality IMG SRC = https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cloud/library/cl-cloudstorage/
  • 29. Updates: SCA Extraterritoriality IMG SRC = https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cloud/library/cl-cloudstorage/
  • 31. Carpenter v. U.S. (2018)  Roberts Majority  Third party doctrine does not apply to historic cell site information: “seismic shifts in digital technology” make tracking much easier  Warrant with probable cause required
  • 32. Carpenter v. U.S. (2018)  Kennedy dissent (with Thomas and Alito)  Third party doctrine should apply even though new technology  “A person’s movements are not particularly private.”  Cell site records “disclose a person’s location only in a generalized area.”  Cell phones also make committing crimes easier
  • 33. Carpenter v. U.S. (2018)  Alito dissent, with Thomas  Leave the third party doctrine intact and let Congress address any particular issues  Gorsuch dissent  Fourth Amendment ties to a property interest and the third party doctrine should be overturned entirely