The document discusses the critical issues of cybercrime and information security in the digital age, highlighting various types of cyber threats such as phishing, malware, and cyber extortion. It emphasizes the importance of implementing robust cybersecurity measures, incident response planning, and continuous monitoring to protect sensitive data and maintain business continuity. Furthermore, it distinguishes between cybersecurity and information security, outlining the skills, technologies, and threats associated with each.

1. CYBER CRIME
AND
INFORMATION
SECURITY

2. INTRODUCTION TO
CYBER CRIME AND
INFORMATION SECURITY
Cybercrime and information security are critical issues in our digital age.
Malicious actors seek to exploit vulnerabilities to steal data, disrupt
systems, and cause harm. Understanding cyber threats and developing
robust security measures are essential to protect individuals,
organizations, and societies.
Cybercrime can be carried out by individuals or organizations. Some
cybercriminals are organized, use advanced techniques and are highly
technically skilled. Others are novice hackers.

3. a. Email and internet fraud.
b. Identity fraud (where personal information is stolen and used).
c. Theft of financial or card payment data.
d. Theft and sale of corporate data.
e. Cyber extortion (demanding money to prevent a threatened
attack).
f. Ransom ware attacks (a type of cyber extortion).
g. Crypto jacking (where hackers mine crypto currency using
resources they do not own).
h. Cyber espionage (where hackers access government or company
data).
i. Interfering with systems in a way that compromises a network.
j. Infringing copyright.
k. Illegal gambling.
l. Selling illegal items online.
TYPES OF CYBER CRIME

4. UNDERSTANDING CYBER
THREATS AND
VULNERABILITIES
1 Phishing Attacks
Fraudulent emails or messages designed to trick users into revealing sensitive information or
installing malware.
2 Malware Threats
Malicious software that can steal data, encrypt files for ransom, or gain unauthorized access
to systems.
3 Unpatched Vulnerabilities
Software flaws that can be exploited by attackers if not promptly addressed with security
updates.
4 Social Engineering
Manipulative tactics used to deceive individuals into compromising their security measures.

5. PHISHING AND SOCIAL ENGINEERING ATTACKS
Phishing Scams
Attackers create fake emails,
websites, or messages to trick
victims into revealing sensitive
information or installing malware.
Social Engineering Tactics
Manipulative techniques used to
exploit human psychology and gain
unauthorized access to systems or
data.
Protecting Against Phishing
Educating users, implementing
email filtering, and promoting a
culture of cybersecurity awareness
are crucial to mitigating these
attacks.

6. MALWARE AND RANSOMWARE THREATS
Viruses
Malware that can replicate and spread to infect other systems, disrupting operations and stealing data.
Trojans
Malware that disguises itself as legitimate software, allowing attackers to gain
unauthorized access to systems.
Ransomware
Malware that encrypts files and demands a ransom payment to restore access, causing
significant data loss and disruption.
Spyware
Malware that secretly monitors user activities and steals sensitive information, such as

7. PROTECTING AGAINST CYBER ATTACKS
Cybersecurity Best Practices
Implementing strong access controls, regular software updates, and comprehensive backup
strategies are essential to safeguard against cyber threats.
Employee Security Training
Educating employees on recognizing and reporting suspicious activities can significantly
reduce the risk of successful cyber attacks.
Incident Response Planning
Developing and regularly testing incident response and disaster recovery plans can help
organizations effectively mitigate the impact of a breach.
Continuous Monitoring
Deploying security monitoring solutions and conducting regular security assessments can help
identify and address vulnerabilities in a timely manner.

8. IMPORTANCE OF CYBERSECURITY
MEASURES
1 Protect Data
Cybersecurity measures safeguard sensitive information, such as personal,
financial, and intellectual property data, from unauthorized access and misuse.
2 Ensure Business Continuity
Effective cybersecurity practices help organizations maintain operational
capabilities and minimize the impact of cyber incidents on their daily operations.
3 Build Trust and Reputation
A strong cybersecurity posture contributes to the trust and credibility of an
organization, which is crucial for maintaining customer and stakeholder
confidence.

9. INCIDENT RESPONSE AND
DISASTER RECOVERY
Detection
Identify and investigate potential security incidents through monitoring and
alert systems.
Containment
Quickly isolate and mitigate the impact of a security breach to prevent
further damage.
Eradication
Eliminate the root cause of the incident and remove any remaining traces
of the attack.
Recovery
Restore normal operations, recover lost data, and implement measures to
prevent future incidents.

10. REGULATORY COMPLIANCE AND
INDUSTRY STANDARDS
GDPR General Data Protection Regulation, a
European Union law that sets strict
requirements for the handling of
personal data.
HIPAA
Health Insurance Portability and
Accountability Act, a US law that
establishes security and privacy
standards for healthcare data.
PCI DSS Payment Card Industry Data Security
Standard, a set of requirements for
organizations that handle credit card
transactions.
NIST Cybersecurity Framework
A comprehensive guide for
organizations to manage and reduce
cybersecurity risks.

11. EMERGING TRENDS IN CYBERSECURITY
Cloud Security
Securing data and applications in
cloud computing environments as
organizations increasingly migrate
to the cloud.
IoT Security
Addressing the unique security
challenges posed by the
proliferation of internet-connected
devices, such as smart home
appliances and industrial systems.
Artificial Intelligence and
Machine Learning
Leveraging advanced analytics and
automated decision-making to
enhance threat detection, incident
response, and security operations.

12. Information security is the practice of protecting information
by mitigating information risks. It involves protecting
information systems and the information processed, stored,
and transmitted by these systems from unauthorized access,
use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction. This
includes the protection of personal information, financial
information, and sensitive or confidential information stored
in both digital and physical forms. Effective information
security requires a comprehensive and multi-disciplinary
approach, involving people, processes, and technology.
INFORMATION SECURITY

13. PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION SECURITY
CONFIDENTIALITY : means information is not disclosed to
unauthorized individuals, entities and process. For example if we say
I have a password for my Gmail account but someone saw while I
was doing a login into Gmail account. In that case my password has
been compromised and Confidentiality has been breached.
INTEGRITY : means maintaining accuracy and completeness of data.
This means data cannot be edited in an unauthorized way. For
example if an employee leaves an organization then in that case data
for that employee in all departments like accounts, should be
updated to reflect status to JOB LEFT so that data is complete and
accurate and in addition to this only authorized person should be
allowed to edit employee data.
AVAILABILITY : means information must be available when needed.
For example if one needs to access information of a particular
employee to check whether employee has outstanded the number
of leaves, in that case it requires collaboration from different
organizational teams like network operations, development
operations, incident response and policy/change
management. Denial of service attack is one of the factor that can
hamper the availability of information.

14. PARAMETERS CYBER SECURITY INFORMATION SECURITY
BASIC DEFINITION
It is the practice of protecting the data from outside the
resource on the internet.
It is all about protecting information from unauthorized
users, access, and data modification or removal in order
to provide confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
PROTECT
It is about the ability to protect the use of cyberspace
from cyber attacks.
It deals with the protection of data from any form of
threat.
SCOPE Cyber security to protect anything in the cyber realm.
Information security is for information irrespective of
the realm.
THREAT Cyber security deals with the danger in cyberspace.
Information security deals with the protection of data
from any form of threat.
ATTACKS
Cybersecurity strikes against Cyber crimes, cyber frauds,
and law enforcement.
Information security strikes against unauthorized access,
disclosure modification, and disruption.
PROFESSIONALS
Cyber security professionals deal with the prevention of
active threats or Advanced Persistent threats (APT).
Information security professionals are the foundation of
data security and security professionals associated with
it are responsible for policies, processes, and
organizational roles and responsibilities that assure
confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CYBER CRIME AND
INFORMATION SECURITY

15. DEALS WITH
It deals with threats that may or may not exist in the
cyber realm such as protecting your social media
account, personal information, etc.
It deals with information Assets and integrity,
confidentiality, and availability.
DEFENCE Acts as first line of defence. Comes into play when security is breached.
THREATS
Primarily deals with digital threats, such as hacking,
malware, and phishing
Addresses a wider range of threats, including physical
theft, espionage, and human error
GOAL
Protects against unauthorized access, use, disclosure,
disruption, modification, or destruction of digital
information
Protects the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of
all types of information, regardless of the medium in
which it is stored
TECHNOLOGIES
Relies on a variety of technologies, such as firewalls,
antivirus software, and intrusion detection systems
Uses a range of technologies, including encryption,
access controls, and data loss prevention tools
SKILLS REQUIRED
Requires specialized knowledge of computer systems
and networks, as well as programming and software
development skills
Requires knowledge of risk management, compliance,
legal and regulatory issues, as well as technical
knowledge
FOCUS ON DATA
Emphasizes protecting the data itself, regardless of
where it is stored or how it is transmitted
Emphasizes the protection of information assets, which
includes data but also other information such as
intellectual property, trade secrets, and confidential
customer information
THREAT LANDSCAPE
Deals with constantly evolving threats, such as new
forms of malware and emerging cybercrime
techniques
Deals with a wide range of threats, including physical
security breaches, insider threats, and social
engineering attacks

16. Conclusion
Cybercrime and information security threats continue to evolve, making it crucial for individuals and organizations
to stay vigilant and proactive in their cybersecurity efforts. By understanding the latest threats, implementing robust
security measures, and staying informed on emerging trends, we can collectively work to create a safer and more
secure digital landscape.