This document discusses consumer behavior and the factors that influence consumer purchasing decisions. It covers cultural, social, personal, psychological factors as well as the stages of the consumer decision process including need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, and the final purchase decision. The key factors discussed are cultural influences like social class, reference groups, and family influence. Personal factors covered include occupation, lifestyle, personality and motivation. Psychological concepts like perception, learning, beliefs and attitudes are also examined.
A complete presentation on Consumer Buying Behavior for MBA and BBA students to study importance and features of consumer buying behavior, Buying roles, factors affecting buying decisions and Buying process,
The document discusses consumer markets and consumer buyer behavior. It defines consumer markets as individuals and households who buy goods and services for personal use. It then presents a model of consumer behavior that is influenced by cultural, social, personal and psychological factors. These factors shape how consumers perceive marketing stimuli and influence their purchase decisions. The stages in the consumer decision process are also described.
The document discusses consumer behavior and the factors that influence consumer decision making. It describes the buying decision process and the various internal and external factors that shape consumer motivation, perception, learning and attitudes. These include cultural, social, personal and psychological characteristics as well as the consumer's decision making process of problem recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision and post-purchase behavior.
This document discusses consumer behavior and how understanding consumers is essential for business success. It explains that studying consumer behavior involves asking the right questions to analyze who consumers are, what they buy, and why they make purchases. Key factors that influence consumer behavior are discussed such as cultural, social, personal, and psychological characteristics. The document also outlines the consumer purchase process and different types of buying decisions.
Consumer Behaviour and Retail Operations discusses key concepts in consumer behaviour and how they relate to retail operations. It defines consumer behaviour and explains why studying it is important for retailers. It describes the needs, wants, and demands that drive the consumer purchase process. It also summarizes models of consumer decision making, the factors that influence consumption, and segmentation strategies used by retailers. Overall, the document provides an overview of theoretical frameworks for understanding consumer motivation and decision making in a retail context.
1. The document discusses consumer behavior and factors that influence consumer decisions. It covers concepts like value sought by consumers, models of consumer behavior, and the consumer decision process.
2. Key factors discussed include personal factors like demographics and psychographics, and socio-cultural factors like culture and social influences. The stages of consumer decision making are also outlined.
3. Consumer adoption of new products is segmented into five categories ranging from innovators to laggards, defined by their openness to new products and influence on others.
MADE BY:
My Lovely Group Studied In Sindh University Jamshoro, Mirpurkhas Campus.
By this Presentation your concept will clear easily.
Comment plz if u like :)
This document discusses consumer behavior and the factors that influence consumer purchasing decisions. It covers cultural, social, personal, psychological factors as well as the stages of the consumer decision process including need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, and the final purchase decision. The key factors discussed are cultural influences like social class, reference groups, and family influence. Personal factors covered include occupation, lifestyle, personality and motivation. Psychological concepts like perception, learning, beliefs and attitudes are also examined.
A complete presentation on Consumer Buying Behavior for MBA and BBA students to study importance and features of consumer buying behavior, Buying roles, factors affecting buying decisions and Buying process,
The document discusses consumer markets and consumer buyer behavior. It defines consumer markets as individuals and households who buy goods and services for personal use. It then presents a model of consumer behavior that is influenced by cultural, social, personal and psychological factors. These factors shape how consumers perceive marketing stimuli and influence their purchase decisions. The stages in the consumer decision process are also described.
The document discusses consumer behavior and the factors that influence consumer decision making. It describes the buying decision process and the various internal and external factors that shape consumer motivation, perception, learning and attitudes. These include cultural, social, personal and psychological characteristics as well as the consumer's decision making process of problem recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision and post-purchase behavior.
This document discusses consumer behavior and how understanding consumers is essential for business success. It explains that studying consumer behavior involves asking the right questions to analyze who consumers are, what they buy, and why they make purchases. Key factors that influence consumer behavior are discussed such as cultural, social, personal, and psychological characteristics. The document also outlines the consumer purchase process and different types of buying decisions.
Consumer Behaviour and Retail Operations discusses key concepts in consumer behaviour and how they relate to retail operations. It defines consumer behaviour and explains why studying it is important for retailers. It describes the needs, wants, and demands that drive the consumer purchase process. It also summarizes models of consumer decision making, the factors that influence consumption, and segmentation strategies used by retailers. Overall, the document provides an overview of theoretical frameworks for understanding consumer motivation and decision making in a retail context.
1. The document discusses consumer behavior and factors that influence consumer decisions. It covers concepts like value sought by consumers, models of consumer behavior, and the consumer decision process.
2. Key factors discussed include personal factors like demographics and psychographics, and socio-cultural factors like culture and social influences. The stages of consumer decision making are also outlined.
3. Consumer adoption of new products is segmented into five categories ranging from innovators to laggards, defined by their openness to new products and influence on others.
MADE BY:
My Lovely Group Studied In Sindh University Jamshoro, Mirpurkhas Campus.
By this Presentation your concept will clear easily.
Comment plz if u like :)
This document discusses consumer behavior and motivation. It defines key terms like consumer, customer, and gatekeeper. It explains that consumer demand is driven by needs and wants. Consumer demand changes due to economic, market, and product factors. Products have a life cycle with stages like introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. Marketers analyze consumer profiles using demographics like age, gender, and psychographics like beliefs to understand motivations. Theories like Maslow's hierarchy of needs are discussed to explain what motivates consumer purchases.
The document discusses various topics related to consumer behavior, including key concepts like motivation, perception, and the consumer decision-making process. It describes factors that influence consumer behavior such as culture, social class, and the stages of adopting new products. Various consumer behavior theories are also summarized, including those proposed by Freud, Maslow and others relating to psychological motivations and needs.
Consumer behaviour is the study of how consumers make decisions to spend their available resources (time, money, effort) on consumption-related items. It examines how emotions, attitudes and preferences affect buying behavior. Understanding consumer behaviour is important for marketers to design effective strategies. The document discusses the consumer decision process, factors that influence consumer behaviour like culture and marketing activities, and how segmentation and targeting are used to develop marketing strategies tailored for specific consumer groups.
This document discusses consumer behavior and the factors that influence consumer decision making. It outlines several models of consumer behavior, including economic, psychological, learning, input-output, and sociological models. It also covers organizational buying behavior, the characteristics of business markets, types of buying situations, and the organizational buying process. The key stages in consumer decision making are identified as need recognition, information search, evaluating alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase behavior. Cultural, social, personal, and psychological factors all shape consumer choices.
This document provides an introduction to consumer behaviour. It discusses that consumer behaviour involves how consumers acquire, consume and dispose of products based on internal and external factors. It outlines the consumer decision making process which involves problem recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase, and post-purchase evaluation. It also discusses how marketers analyze consumer behaviour through understanding the consumer, competition, company and market conditions in order to segment markets and develop effective marketing strategies.
This document discusses consumer behavior and related topics. It defines consumer behavior and outlines the consumer buying process. It also discusses the 4 main factors that influence consumer behavior: social factors, personal factors, psychological factors, and cultural factors. Additionally, it examines different types of buying behavior, service encounters, and the various buying roles that individuals can play.
This document summarizes a study on the apparel consumer behavior of college management students in India. It begins with an abstract that outlines the purpose of studying important demographic, psychological and socio-economic factors that influence apparel purchasing among these students. It then describes how the study was conducted through a literature review and questionnaire. The expected outcome is to understand the relationship between demographic variables and consumer behavior to help apparel companies better target and market to different student segments.
This document provides an overview of a course on consumer behaviour. It defines consumer behaviour and discusses the meaning and dimensions of consumer behaviour, which include psychology, sociology, social psychology, and cultural anthropology. It also outlines the stages of the consumer decision making process, types of consumer choices, attitudes, experiential choices, and the influence of the social environment. Finally, it discusses applications of understanding consumer behaviour, such as analysing market opportunities, selecting target markets, determining the appropriate marketing mix, and using consumer insights for social and non-profit marketing.
The document discusses factors that influence consumer buyer behavior, including cultural, social, personal, and psychological factors. It outlines models of consumer behavior, such as the 7 O's framework that examines occupants, objects, objectives, organizations, operations, occasions, and outlets. It also summarizes the consumer decision process, which involves need recognition, information search, alternative evaluation, purchase decision, and post-purchase behavior. Key influences on adoption of new products are also outlined.
Consumer Behavior and Marketing ResearchNagendra Babu
The document discusses factors that influence consumer behavior. There are four main types of factors: cultural factors, social factors, personal factors, and psychological factors. Cultural factors include culture, subcultures, and social classes that shape a person's values and preferences. Social factors encompass reference groups like family, friends, and social roles/status that provide social influence. Personal factors relate to demographics like age and lifestyle as well as income that impact purchasing power. Psychological factors refer to personality, self-concept, and motivations that underlie consumer decision making. Understanding how these various factors intersect is important for marketers to effectively target and influence consumers.
The document discusses the roles involved in buying decisions and the consumer buying process. It identifies five main roles: initiator, influencer, decider, buyer, and user. It then explains each role and outlines the three stages of the consumer buying process: input, process, and output. Finally, it provides a brief introduction to consumer behavior and defines it as how individuals make spending decisions to satisfy needs through searching for, using, evaluating, and disposing of products and services.
The document summarizes key concepts around understanding customer behavior and the marketing concept. It discusses how businesses should focus on understanding customer needs and wants in order to satisfy them through their products and services. It outlines Maslow's hierarchy of needs and describes the customer buying process, including need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase evaluation.
The document discusses various topics related to consumer behavior including the difference between consumer and organizational buying, factors that influence consumer behavior, and the importance of understanding consumer behavior for marketing and public policy decisions. It provides definitions of key terms, describes the consumer decision making process, and explains how knowledge of consumer behavior can benefit companies, regulators, and social marketing programs.
PM Ch 3 Analyzing Consumer & Business Market.pptxetebarkhmichale
Introduction
In life, there are universal laws that govern everything we do. These laws are so perfect that if you were to align yourself with them, you could have so much prosperity that it would be coming out of your ears. This is because God created the universe in the image and likeness of him. It is failure to follow the universal laws that causes one to fail. The laws that were created consisted of the following: ·
Law of Gratitude: The Law of Gratitude states that you must show gratitude for what you have. By having gratitude, you speed your growth and success faster than you normally would. This is because if you appreciate the things you have, even if they are small things, you are open to receiving more.
Law of Attraction: The Law of Attraction states that if you focus your attention on something long enough you will get it. It all starts in the mind. You think of something and when you think of it, you manifest that in your life. This could be a mental picture of a check or actual cash, but you think about it with an image.
Law of Karma: the Law of Karma states that if you go out and do something bad, it will come back to you with something bad. If you do well for others, good things happen to you. The principle here is to know you can create good or bad through your actions. There will always be an effect no matter what.
Law of Love: the Law of Love states that love is more than emotion or feeling; it is energy. It has substance and can be felt. Love is also considered acceptance of oneself or others. This means that no matter what you do in life if you do not approach or leave the situation out of love, it won't work.
Law of Allowing: The Law of Allowing states that for us to get what we want, we must be receptive to it. We can't merely say to the Universe that we want something if we don't allow ourselves to receive it. This will defeat our purpose for wanting it in the first place.
Law of Vibration: the Law of Vibration states that if you wish on something and use your thoughts to visualize it, you are halfway there to get it. To complete the cycle you must use the Law of Vibration to feel part of what you want. Do this and you'll have anything you want in life.
For everything to function properly there has to be structure. Without structure, our world, or universe, would be in utter chaos. Successful people understand universal laws and apply them daily. They may not acknowledge that to you, but they do follow the laws. There is a higher power and this higher power controls the universe and what we get out of it. People who know this, but wish to direct their own lives, follow the reasons. Successful people don't sit around and say "I'll try," they say yes and act on it.
Chapter - 1
The Law of Attraction
The law of attraction is the most powerful force in the universe. If you work against it, it can only bring you pain and misery. Successful people know this but have kept it hidden from the lower class for centuries because
This document discusses consumer behavior and the factors that influence it. It defines consumer behavior as the actions and decisions of individuals when selecting and disposing of products. Key factors that influence consumer behavior include marketing mix factors like product, price, place and promotion as well as personal, psychological, social and cultural factors. The stages of the consumer buying decision process are also outlined as need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase behavior.
The document discusses the concept of buyer behavior and the factors that influence it, including cultural factors like culture and subculture, social factors like reference groups and family, and personal factors like age, occupation, and lifestyle. It also examines psychological factors affecting buyer behavior such as perception, motivation, beliefs, and attitudes. Understanding these influences on buyer behavior is important for marketers to better target customers and develop effective marketing strategies.
1) Consumer buyer behavior refers to how individuals and households purchase goods and services for personal use. Cultural, social, personal, and psychological factors influence consumer buying decisions.
2) The consumer buying process involves need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase behavior. Marketers seek to understand how and why consumers make decisions at each stage.
3) Cultural factors like culture, subculture, and social class shape consumer values and preferences. Personal factors such as age, life stage, occupation, economic situation, lifestyle, personality, and self-concept also impact buying decisions.
This document discusses consumer buying behavior and the factors that influence it. It covers the decision making process and stages consumers go through, from need recognition to post-purchase evaluation. The four main factors that influence consumer behavior are cultural, social, personal and psychological factors. It also outlines different types of buying behaviors and provides a model of the consumer decision journey.
Consumer behavior all material Prepared by karventhan karventhanps
The document outlines Mahatma Gandhi's philosophy on customer service. It states that a customer is the most important visitor and the purpose of a business. A business depends on customers, not the other way around, and customers should be served with respect rather than as a favor.
At Techbox Square, in Singapore, we're not just creative web designers and developers, we're the driving force behind your brand identity. Contact us today.
This document discusses consumer behavior and motivation. It defines key terms like consumer, customer, and gatekeeper. It explains that consumer demand is driven by needs and wants. Consumer demand changes due to economic, market, and product factors. Products have a life cycle with stages like introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. Marketers analyze consumer profiles using demographics like age, gender, and psychographics like beliefs to understand motivations. Theories like Maslow's hierarchy of needs are discussed to explain what motivates consumer purchases.
The document discusses various topics related to consumer behavior, including key concepts like motivation, perception, and the consumer decision-making process. It describes factors that influence consumer behavior such as culture, social class, and the stages of adopting new products. Various consumer behavior theories are also summarized, including those proposed by Freud, Maslow and others relating to psychological motivations and needs.
Consumer behaviour is the study of how consumers make decisions to spend their available resources (time, money, effort) on consumption-related items. It examines how emotions, attitudes and preferences affect buying behavior. Understanding consumer behaviour is important for marketers to design effective strategies. The document discusses the consumer decision process, factors that influence consumer behaviour like culture and marketing activities, and how segmentation and targeting are used to develop marketing strategies tailored for specific consumer groups.
This document discusses consumer behavior and the factors that influence consumer decision making. It outlines several models of consumer behavior, including economic, psychological, learning, input-output, and sociological models. It also covers organizational buying behavior, the characteristics of business markets, types of buying situations, and the organizational buying process. The key stages in consumer decision making are identified as need recognition, information search, evaluating alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase behavior. Cultural, social, personal, and psychological factors all shape consumer choices.
This document provides an introduction to consumer behaviour. It discusses that consumer behaviour involves how consumers acquire, consume and dispose of products based on internal and external factors. It outlines the consumer decision making process which involves problem recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase, and post-purchase evaluation. It also discusses how marketers analyze consumer behaviour through understanding the consumer, competition, company and market conditions in order to segment markets and develop effective marketing strategies.
This document discusses consumer behavior and related topics. It defines consumer behavior and outlines the consumer buying process. It also discusses the 4 main factors that influence consumer behavior: social factors, personal factors, psychological factors, and cultural factors. Additionally, it examines different types of buying behavior, service encounters, and the various buying roles that individuals can play.
This document summarizes a study on the apparel consumer behavior of college management students in India. It begins with an abstract that outlines the purpose of studying important demographic, psychological and socio-economic factors that influence apparel purchasing among these students. It then describes how the study was conducted through a literature review and questionnaire. The expected outcome is to understand the relationship between demographic variables and consumer behavior to help apparel companies better target and market to different student segments.
This document provides an overview of a course on consumer behaviour. It defines consumer behaviour and discusses the meaning and dimensions of consumer behaviour, which include psychology, sociology, social psychology, and cultural anthropology. It also outlines the stages of the consumer decision making process, types of consumer choices, attitudes, experiential choices, and the influence of the social environment. Finally, it discusses applications of understanding consumer behaviour, such as analysing market opportunities, selecting target markets, determining the appropriate marketing mix, and using consumer insights for social and non-profit marketing.
The document discusses factors that influence consumer buyer behavior, including cultural, social, personal, and psychological factors. It outlines models of consumer behavior, such as the 7 O's framework that examines occupants, objects, objectives, organizations, operations, occasions, and outlets. It also summarizes the consumer decision process, which involves need recognition, information search, alternative evaluation, purchase decision, and post-purchase behavior. Key influences on adoption of new products are also outlined.
Consumer Behavior and Marketing ResearchNagendra Babu
The document discusses factors that influence consumer behavior. There are four main types of factors: cultural factors, social factors, personal factors, and psychological factors. Cultural factors include culture, subcultures, and social classes that shape a person's values and preferences. Social factors encompass reference groups like family, friends, and social roles/status that provide social influence. Personal factors relate to demographics like age and lifestyle as well as income that impact purchasing power. Psychological factors refer to personality, self-concept, and motivations that underlie consumer decision making. Understanding how these various factors intersect is important for marketers to effectively target and influence consumers.
The document discusses the roles involved in buying decisions and the consumer buying process. It identifies five main roles: initiator, influencer, decider, buyer, and user. It then explains each role and outlines the three stages of the consumer buying process: input, process, and output. Finally, it provides a brief introduction to consumer behavior and defines it as how individuals make spending decisions to satisfy needs through searching for, using, evaluating, and disposing of products and services.
The document summarizes key concepts around understanding customer behavior and the marketing concept. It discusses how businesses should focus on understanding customer needs and wants in order to satisfy them through their products and services. It outlines Maslow's hierarchy of needs and describes the customer buying process, including need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase evaluation.
The document discusses various topics related to consumer behavior including the difference between consumer and organizational buying, factors that influence consumer behavior, and the importance of understanding consumer behavior for marketing and public policy decisions. It provides definitions of key terms, describes the consumer decision making process, and explains how knowledge of consumer behavior can benefit companies, regulators, and social marketing programs.
PM Ch 3 Analyzing Consumer & Business Market.pptxetebarkhmichale
Introduction
In life, there are universal laws that govern everything we do. These laws are so perfect that if you were to align yourself with them, you could have so much prosperity that it would be coming out of your ears. This is because God created the universe in the image and likeness of him. It is failure to follow the universal laws that causes one to fail. The laws that were created consisted of the following: ·
Law of Gratitude: The Law of Gratitude states that you must show gratitude for what you have. By having gratitude, you speed your growth and success faster than you normally would. This is because if you appreciate the things you have, even if they are small things, you are open to receiving more.
Law of Attraction: The Law of Attraction states that if you focus your attention on something long enough you will get it. It all starts in the mind. You think of something and when you think of it, you manifest that in your life. This could be a mental picture of a check or actual cash, but you think about it with an image.
Law of Karma: the Law of Karma states that if you go out and do something bad, it will come back to you with something bad. If you do well for others, good things happen to you. The principle here is to know you can create good or bad through your actions. There will always be an effect no matter what.
Law of Love: the Law of Love states that love is more than emotion or feeling; it is energy. It has substance and can be felt. Love is also considered acceptance of oneself or others. This means that no matter what you do in life if you do not approach or leave the situation out of love, it won't work.
Law of Allowing: The Law of Allowing states that for us to get what we want, we must be receptive to it. We can't merely say to the Universe that we want something if we don't allow ourselves to receive it. This will defeat our purpose for wanting it in the first place.
Law of Vibration: the Law of Vibration states that if you wish on something and use your thoughts to visualize it, you are halfway there to get it. To complete the cycle you must use the Law of Vibration to feel part of what you want. Do this and you'll have anything you want in life.
For everything to function properly there has to be structure. Without structure, our world, or universe, would be in utter chaos. Successful people understand universal laws and apply them daily. They may not acknowledge that to you, but they do follow the laws. There is a higher power and this higher power controls the universe and what we get out of it. People who know this, but wish to direct their own lives, follow the reasons. Successful people don't sit around and say "I'll try," they say yes and act on it.
Chapter - 1
The Law of Attraction
The law of attraction is the most powerful force in the universe. If you work against it, it can only bring you pain and misery. Successful people know this but have kept it hidden from the lower class for centuries because
This document discusses consumer behavior and the factors that influence it. It defines consumer behavior as the actions and decisions of individuals when selecting and disposing of products. Key factors that influence consumer behavior include marketing mix factors like product, price, place and promotion as well as personal, psychological, social and cultural factors. The stages of the consumer buying decision process are also outlined as need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase behavior.
The document discusses the concept of buyer behavior and the factors that influence it, including cultural factors like culture and subculture, social factors like reference groups and family, and personal factors like age, occupation, and lifestyle. It also examines psychological factors affecting buyer behavior such as perception, motivation, beliefs, and attitudes. Understanding these influences on buyer behavior is important for marketers to better target customers and develop effective marketing strategies.
1) Consumer buyer behavior refers to how individuals and households purchase goods and services for personal use. Cultural, social, personal, and psychological factors influence consumer buying decisions.
2) The consumer buying process involves need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase behavior. Marketers seek to understand how and why consumers make decisions at each stage.
3) Cultural factors like culture, subculture, and social class shape consumer values and preferences. Personal factors such as age, life stage, occupation, economic situation, lifestyle, personality, and self-concept also impact buying decisions.
This document discusses consumer buying behavior and the factors that influence it. It covers the decision making process and stages consumers go through, from need recognition to post-purchase evaluation. The four main factors that influence consumer behavior are cultural, social, personal and psychological factors. It also outlines different types of buying behaviors and provides a model of the consumer decision journey.
Consumer behavior all material Prepared by karventhan karventhanps
The document outlines Mahatma Gandhi's philosophy on customer service. It states that a customer is the most important visitor and the purpose of a business. A business depends on customers, not the other way around, and customers should be served with respect rather than as a favor.
Similar to Customer Analysis and Buying Behaviour (20)
At Techbox Square, in Singapore, we're not just creative web designers and developers, we're the driving force behind your brand identity. Contact us today.
Understanding User Needs and Satisfying ThemAggregage
https://www.productmanagementtoday.com/frs/26903918/understanding-user-needs-and-satisfying-them
We know we want to create products which our customers find to be valuable. Whether we label it as customer-centric or product-led depends on how long we've been doing product management. There are three challenges we face when doing this. The obvious challenge is figuring out what our users need; the non-obvious challenges are in creating a shared understanding of those needs and in sensing if what we're doing is meeting those needs.
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• Demonstrate the best approach to selection and prioritization of user-goals to address
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[To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
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Frameworks/Models included:
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Capgemini’s Digital Transformation Framework
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Design Thinking Framework
Business Model Canvas
Customer Journey Map
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Customer Analysis and Buying Behaviour
1. CUSTOMER ANALYSIS AND
BUYING BEHAVIOR
Dr. Kamal Kishor Pandey
Associate Professor
TMIMT-College of Management
Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad
2. UNDERSTANDING
CONSUMERS
Sergio Zyman, Former Chief Marketing Officer, Coca
Cola Company, says in his recent book “End of
Marketing” :“Consumers are, quite possibly, the only
thing worth thinking about…….Every thing that
happens to consumers and every thing that consumers
do should affect your marketing decisions……You
have to understand the whole environment in which
people live…….Anything that happens in that
environment is going to change what consumers do and
don’t do.”
3. STUDY OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR
Because markets are complex , we need to develop some
common framework for grasping a market’s essentials.
The marketer should approach the study of a new market
by asking 4 questions :
1. What does the market buy ? Objects of Purchase
2. Why does it buy ? Objectives of purchase
3. Who buys ? Organization of purchase
4. How does it buy ? Operations of purchasing
organization
( FOUR Os OF A MARKET )
4. 6 Os OF A MARKET
The 4 Os of a market (Objects, Objectives,
Organization and Operations) should be grasped
before one contemplates the 4 Ps of the marketing
mix.
Two further questions of a more descriptive nature
can also be asked of a market :
5.When does it buy ? Occasions for purchase
6. Where does it buy ? Outlets for purchase
5. CONSUMER MARKET
Consumer Market is the market for
products and services that are
purchased or hired by individuals and
households for personal (non-business)
use.
Consumer Products : Products
purchased for personal use.
6. BUYERS V/S CONSUMERS
Mother buying toys for kid
(Buyer – Mother, Actual user – Kid)
Marketers focus their promotion on both i.e.
buyers and the user (ultimate consumer)
For example Maggi and Rasna , both try to
influence the buyer and the user. Taste and
fun aspects for children (main users) and
time saving and economy for mothers
(actual buyers).
7. CLASSIFICATION OF
CONSUMER PRODUCTS
(A.) On the basis of their rate of consumption and
tangibility :
DURABLE GOODS (Tangible goods which normally
survive many uses, frequency of purchase is less e.g.
Refrigerator, T.V. etc.)
NON-DURABLE GOODS (Tangible goods normally are
consumed in one or few uses, frequency of purchase is
more e.g. Soap, Salt, Tooth paste, Shampoo etc.)
SERVICES (Intangibles, Activities, benefits or
satisfactions which are offered for sale e.g. hair cuts,
education, restaurants, airlines etc.)
8. A SIMPLE MODEL OF
CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR
A)
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
External Influences Consumer Decision
Making
Consumer Decisions
and Actions
9. BUYER BEHAVIOUR MODEL
Marketing
Stimuli
Other
Stimuli
Buyer’s
Characteristics
Buyer’s Decision
Process
Buyer’s Decisions
PRODUCT
PRICE
PLACE
PROMOTION
ECONOMICAL
GEOGRAP
HICAL
TECHNOLO
GICAL
CULTURAL
SOCIAL
PERSONAL
PSYCHOLOGICAL
PROBLEM
RECOGNITION
INFORMATION
SEARCH
EVALUATION
DECISION
POST
PURCHASE
BEHAVIOUR
PRODUCT CHOICE
BRAND CHOICE
DEALER CHOICE
PURCHASE TIME
PURCHASE AMOUNT
BUYER’S BLACK BOX
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
Inferences
11. (B.) SOCIAL FACTORS
REFERENCE GROUPS : ( PEOPLE AROUND US ) : Our
decision of purchase is not only influenced by our life style, our
personality and by other psychological factors but also by the
people around us, with whom we interact directly or indirectly
(influence our purchase decision), e.g. families, friends,
neighbors, colleagues, civic and professional organizations.
Aspiration Groups (want to belong to) – adoption of the opinions
and outlook of film stars, sports stars, pop stars etc.
Disassociate Groups (do not want to belong to) – whose values
and behavior an individual rejects, e.g. you may not like to follow
the brand choice of your neighbor or your relative etc.
12. SOCIAL FACTORS
(REFERENCE GROUPS)
The degree to which a reference group will affect a
purchase decision depends on an individuals
susceptibility to reference group influence and the
strength of his/her involvement with the group.
Reference group influence on products :
Strong Influence – Cars, Color T.V., Furniture,
Refrigerator etc.
Weak Influence – Tea, Coffee, Soap, Beer, Cig. etc.
13. PERSONAL FACTORS
LIFE CYCLE STAGE ***
(The family life cycle) families go through stages, each stage
creates different consumer demands :
Single / Bachelor stage (Young unmarried living away from
home)
Newly married
Full nest 1 (youngest child under 6)
Full nest 2 (youngest child over 6)
Full nest 3 (older married couples with dependent children)
Empty nest 1 (older married couples with no children living with
them, head still working)
Solitary survivor retired
Modernized life cycle includes divorced and no children
14. MASLOW’S THEORY OF
MOTIVATION
According to Abraham Maslow human needs are
arranged in a hierarchy, from the most pressing to the
least pressing.
People will try to satisfy their most important needs
first.
When a person succeeds in satisfying an important
need, that need will cease being a current motivator,
and the person will try o satisfy the next most
important need.
15. HIERARCHY OF HUMAN NEEDS
Physiological Needs
(hunger, thirst, shelter etc.)
Safety Needs
(security, protection)
Social Needs
(sense of belonging, love)
Esteem Needs
(self-esteem, recognition, status)
Self-
Actualization
Needs
(self development and
realization)
16. FIVE STAGE MODEL OF THE
CONSUMER BUYING PROCESS
Problem
recognition
Information
search
Evaluation of
alternatives
Purchase
decision
Post-purchase
behavior
17. References
Leon G. Schiffman and Leslie Lazar Kanuk, Consumer Behavior, 7th ed. (Upper Saddle
River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 2000).
Rebecca Piirto Heath, “The Frontiers of Psychographics,” American Demographics,
July 1996, pp. 38–43.
M. Joseph Sirgy, “Self-Concept in Consumer Behavior: A Critical Review,” Journal of
Consumer Research, December 1982, pp. 287–300.
Bernard Berelson and Gary A. Steiner, Human Behavior: An Inventory of Scientific
Findings (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1964), p. 88.
David Krech, Richard S. Crutchfield, and Egerton L. Ballachey, Individual in Society
(New York: McGraw-Hill, 1962), ch. 2.
Henry Assael, Consumer Behavior and Marketing Action (Boston: Kent, 1987), ch. 4.
Paul E. Green and Yoram Wind, Multiattribute Decisions in Marketing: A Measurement
Approach (Hinsdale, IL: Dryden, 1973), ch. 2.
Leigh McAlister, “Choosing Multiple Items from a Product Class,” Journal of
Consumer Research, December 1979, pp. 213–24.