Presented a talk on Curbing Transplant Tourism and Organ Commercialisation at 19th Scientific Meeting of the Malaysia Society of Transplantation. Malaysia has implemented a few measures to curb such unethical practices which include policy to stop giving free immunosuppressive drugs to patients who underwent illegal overseas transplant through organ trading. Exploitation of the vulnarable groups in the society like the poor and executed prisoners violates the principles of medical ethics and irrespect human dignity. Number of unethical overseas transplant was oberved to have gone down over the years. #dermaorgan
Organ Donation.
Organ Donation gift of life.
importance of organ donation.
organ donors save life.
Donate life.
Be a hero be a donor.
organ donation in India.
.
HUMAN ORGAN TRANSPLANT:
Organ transplantation is often the only treatment for end state organ failure, such as liver and heart failure. Although end stage renal disease patients can be treated through other renal replacement therapies, kidney transplantation is generally accepted as the best treatment both for quality of life and cost effectiveness. Kidney transplantation is by far the most frequently carried out transplantation globally.
The legislation called the Transplantation of Human Organ Act (THO) was passed in India in 1994 to streamline organ donation and transplantation activities. Broadly, the act accepted brain death as a form of death and made the sale of organs a punishable offence. With the acceptance of brain death, it became possible to not only undertake kidney transplantations but also start other solid organ transplants like liver, heart, lungs, and pancreas.
This is a power point designed to present the profession of medical technology to high school students in order to give them an understanding of what a medical technologist does. It is to encourage and recruit future medical technologist into the field.
Recorded on December 19, 2012 - This webinar, presented in partnership by the Human Rights Legal Support Centre and Hamilton Community Legal Clinic, provides an overview of the Human Rights Code, highlighting the grounds and social areas which the Code applies to, exceptions to the Code, and remedies available under the Code. It acquaints listeners with the Human Rights System in Ontario and describes the Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario's process.
Watch this webinar at:
http://yourlegalrights.on.ca/webinar/discrimination-against-law-primer-human-rights-law-ontario
Human Organ transplantation is a surgical operation in which a failure or damaged organ in human body is removed and replaced with a functioning one. The donated organ may be from a deceased donor, a living donor or an animal.
Organs that can be transplanted are the heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, pancreas, intestine and thymus.
Tissues include bones, tendons, cornea, skin, heart valves, nerves and veins.
Worldwide, the kidneys are the most commonly transplanted organs, followed by the liver and then the heart.
Part of the 2019 European equity crowdfunding campaign hosted on https://www.aescuvest.eu/projects/surge-on-medical/
Visit www.surge-on.eu for more information
Euthanasia, also known as assisted suicide, physician-assisted suicide (dying) , doctor-assisted dying (suicide) , and more loosely termed mercy killing, basically means to take a deliberate action with the express intention of ending a life to relieve intractable (persistent, unstoppable) suffering.
Our experience with Bombay Blood Groupsankalpindia
Sankalp India Foundation(r)'s experience with management of Bombay Blood Group shared at the 2nd Annual Conference of Indian Society of Transfusion Medicine, Bangalore on 15th September 2013. Visit www.sankalpindia.net / www.bombaybloodgroup.org
Optingin vs opting out - Malaysian Thoracic Society Dr Hirman Ismail
ABSTRACT
Lung transplant – opting in vs. opting out
Hirman Ismail MD (UKM) MPH (Nottingham)
Transplantation Unit, Medical Development Division
There are many strategies that have been widely discussed and implemented in many countries to increase donor pool and organ transplantation rate. These include among others strengthening central and local organisational structure, establish good transplant/ donor coordinator network, raising public awareness, addressing professional awareness and competencies, incentive (to donor, staff & medical institution), establish mechanism for potential deceased donor identification, ABO incompatible transplant, paired exchange programme, domino transplant, extended donor criteria and regional organ sharing. Legislation has been implicated to be as one of the many ways to improve organ and tissue donation rate in particular through the implementation of opting out system. Opting out system or also known as presumed consent is a system by which consent to donate organ and tissue is presumed unless a person has expressly indicated otherwise during his/her lifetime. Contrary to the opting out system, in opting in system however, consent to donate has to be explicit through verbal or written consent expressed by the donor when he/she was still alive. Legal and ethical barrier in implementing opting out system arises because of the fact that such system would exclude the next of kin from the decision making process when a donor passes away. In Malaysia, the law that governs the authorisation of removal of organ and tissue from a deceased is Human Tissues Act 1974 [Act 130]. Malaysia practices an opting in system as specified in subsection 2(1) of the Act 130 but the final decision to authorise the removal of organ and tissue of the deceased donor rest on the spouse or the next of kin, as specified in subsection 2(2). At the moment, the Ministry is in the process of drafting a new more comprehensive law on transplantation in which the option for possible implementation of opting out system was discussed. Even though it is thought that opting out system may increase donor pool as demonstrated in some countries, the challenges to its implementation is much more complex and shall be tailored to consider local sensitivity, level of awareness/ acceptance and also cultural/ religious values.
Organ Donation.
Organ Donation gift of life.
importance of organ donation.
organ donors save life.
Donate life.
Be a hero be a donor.
organ donation in India.
.
HUMAN ORGAN TRANSPLANT:
Organ transplantation is often the only treatment for end state organ failure, such as liver and heart failure. Although end stage renal disease patients can be treated through other renal replacement therapies, kidney transplantation is generally accepted as the best treatment both for quality of life and cost effectiveness. Kidney transplantation is by far the most frequently carried out transplantation globally.
The legislation called the Transplantation of Human Organ Act (THO) was passed in India in 1994 to streamline organ donation and transplantation activities. Broadly, the act accepted brain death as a form of death and made the sale of organs a punishable offence. With the acceptance of brain death, it became possible to not only undertake kidney transplantations but also start other solid organ transplants like liver, heart, lungs, and pancreas.
This is a power point designed to present the profession of medical technology to high school students in order to give them an understanding of what a medical technologist does. It is to encourage and recruit future medical technologist into the field.
Recorded on December 19, 2012 - This webinar, presented in partnership by the Human Rights Legal Support Centre and Hamilton Community Legal Clinic, provides an overview of the Human Rights Code, highlighting the grounds and social areas which the Code applies to, exceptions to the Code, and remedies available under the Code. It acquaints listeners with the Human Rights System in Ontario and describes the Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario's process.
Watch this webinar at:
http://yourlegalrights.on.ca/webinar/discrimination-against-law-primer-human-rights-law-ontario
Human Organ transplantation is a surgical operation in which a failure or damaged organ in human body is removed and replaced with a functioning one. The donated organ may be from a deceased donor, a living donor or an animal.
Organs that can be transplanted are the heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, pancreas, intestine and thymus.
Tissues include bones, tendons, cornea, skin, heart valves, nerves and veins.
Worldwide, the kidneys are the most commonly transplanted organs, followed by the liver and then the heart.
Part of the 2019 European equity crowdfunding campaign hosted on https://www.aescuvest.eu/projects/surge-on-medical/
Visit www.surge-on.eu for more information
Euthanasia, also known as assisted suicide, physician-assisted suicide (dying) , doctor-assisted dying (suicide) , and more loosely termed mercy killing, basically means to take a deliberate action with the express intention of ending a life to relieve intractable (persistent, unstoppable) suffering.
Our experience with Bombay Blood Groupsankalpindia
Sankalp India Foundation(r)'s experience with management of Bombay Blood Group shared at the 2nd Annual Conference of Indian Society of Transfusion Medicine, Bangalore on 15th September 2013. Visit www.sankalpindia.net / www.bombaybloodgroup.org
Optingin vs opting out - Malaysian Thoracic Society Dr Hirman Ismail
ABSTRACT
Lung transplant – opting in vs. opting out
Hirman Ismail MD (UKM) MPH (Nottingham)
Transplantation Unit, Medical Development Division
There are many strategies that have been widely discussed and implemented in many countries to increase donor pool and organ transplantation rate. These include among others strengthening central and local organisational structure, establish good transplant/ donor coordinator network, raising public awareness, addressing professional awareness and competencies, incentive (to donor, staff & medical institution), establish mechanism for potential deceased donor identification, ABO incompatible transplant, paired exchange programme, domino transplant, extended donor criteria and regional organ sharing. Legislation has been implicated to be as one of the many ways to improve organ and tissue donation rate in particular through the implementation of opting out system. Opting out system or also known as presumed consent is a system by which consent to donate organ and tissue is presumed unless a person has expressly indicated otherwise during his/her lifetime. Contrary to the opting out system, in opting in system however, consent to donate has to be explicit through verbal or written consent expressed by the donor when he/she was still alive. Legal and ethical barrier in implementing opting out system arises because of the fact that such system would exclude the next of kin from the decision making process when a donor passes away. In Malaysia, the law that governs the authorisation of removal of organ and tissue from a deceased is Human Tissues Act 1974 [Act 130]. Malaysia practices an opting in system as specified in subsection 2(1) of the Act 130 but the final decision to authorise the removal of organ and tissue of the deceased donor rest on the spouse or the next of kin, as specified in subsection 2(2). At the moment, the Ministry is in the process of drafting a new more comprehensive law on transplantation in which the option for possible implementation of opting out system was discussed. Even though it is thought that opting out system may increase donor pool as demonstrated in some countries, the challenges to its implementation is much more complex and shall be tailored to consider local sensitivity, level of awareness/ acceptance and also cultural/ religious values.
The University Technology Transfer Centre (UTTC)
is part of the University; it provides students, PhD
candidates, and researchers with comprehensive
support at every stage of innovation development
– from the pre-incubation of ideas, to international
patent protection, company start-ups, and
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Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
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Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
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Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
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Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
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Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
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neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
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disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
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The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
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of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Evaluation of antidepressant activity of clitoris ternatea in animals
Curbing Organ trafficking and Transplant Tourism
1. Curbing transplant tourism
and organ trafficking
Hirman Ismail MD MPH
Transplantation Unit, Medical Development Division
19th Scientific Meeting of Malaysian Society of Transplantation, 27-28 May 2016, Penang
2. Objective
Main objective of this presentation is to create and
enhance awareness among healthcare professionals about
the need to fight organ trafficking and transplant tourism.
Malaysia Society of Transplantation is a signatory to the
Declaration of Istanbul on Organ Trafficking and
Transplant Tourism, 2008.
19th Scientific Meeting of Malaysian Society of Transplantation, 27-28 May 2016, Penang
3. Content
! Introduction
! International effort
! Malaysia’s effort
! Conclusion
19th Scientific Meeting of Malaysian Society of Transplantation, 27-28 May 2016, Penang
4. INTRODUCTION
Definition | Why this is happening? | Why we need to fight?
19th Scientific Meeting of Malaysian Society of Transplantation, 27-28 May 2016, Penang
5. Definition
! Organ trafficking is the recruitment, transport, transfer,
harboring or receipt of living or deceased persons or their organs
by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion,
of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a
position of vulnerability, or of the giving to, or the receiving by, a
third party of payments or benefits to achieve the transfer of
control over the potential donor, for the purpose of exploitation
by the removal of organs for transplantation.
19th Scientific Meeting of Malaysian Society of Transplantation, 27-28 May 2016, Penang
7. Definition (2)
! Transplant commercialism is a policy or practice in which an
organ is treated as a commodity, including by being bought or sold
or used for material gain.
! Travel for transplantation is the movement of organs, donors,
recipients or transplant professionals across jurisdictional borders
for transplantation purposes. Travel for transplantation becomes
transplant tourism if it involves organ trafficking and/or
transplant commercialism or if the resources (organs, professionals
and transplant centers) devoted to providing transplants to
patients from outside a country undermine the country's ability to
provide transplant services for its own population.
19th Scientific Meeting of Malaysian Society of Transplantation, 27-28 May 2016, Penang
9. Why we need to fight?
! Unethical – against non-maleficence (do no harm),
inequity, inequality, injustice, no respect for human
dignity
! Illegal in many countries
! Promotes crime
! Against the Fatwa / Islamic teachings
19th Scientific Meeting of Malaysian Society of Transplantation, 27-28 May 2016, Penang
10. International Effort
WHO | The Transplantation Society & other international bodies
19th Scientific Meeting of Malaysian Society of Transplantation, 27-28 May 2016, Penang
11. WHO
! Guiding Principles on Human Cell, Tissue and Organ
Transplantation – WHA Resolution 2010
! Content : Consent, Independent determination death,
Deceased donation is preferred, Removal not from
minors, No trading, Promotion / advertising,
Professional involvements in trading or coercion,
Justifiable professional fees, Just allocation criteria,
Safety, efficacy and quality & Transparency and open
to scrutiny
19th Scientific Meeting of Malaysian Society of Transplantation, 27-28 May 2016, Penang
14. Global agenda
! The UN Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish
Trafficking in Persons
! Optional Protocol on the sale of children, child
prostitution and child pornography (2000) to the UN
Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989)
! An Additional Protocol to the European Convention
on Human Rights and Biomedicine Concerning
Transplantation of Organs and Tissues of Human
Origin (2002)
19th Scientific Meeting of Malaysian Society of Transplantation, 27-28 May 2016, Penang
15. Global Agenda
! Council of Europe Convention against Trafficking in
Human Organs (Adopted by the Committee of
Ministers on 9 July 2014 at the 1205th meeting of the
Ministers’ Deputies)
! The Declaration of Istanbul on Organ Trafficking and
Transplant Tourism (TTS and ISN, 2008)
19th Scientific Meeting of Malaysian Society of Transplantation, 27-28 May 2016, Penang
16. Malaysia’s effort
National Policy | IS Policy | UTAC | New law
19th Scientific Meeting of Malaysian Society of Transplantation, 27-28 May 2016, Penang
25. Conclusion
! Is a real threat
! Prevention and promoting self sufficiency is the way
forward – education, education, education
! Public, patients and family members shall be made
aware about organ commercialism
! Legislation to safeguard ethical practices
19th Scientific Meeting of Malaysian Society of Transplantation, 27-28 May 2016, Penang
26. 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
No. of Kidney Transplant Recipients in Malaysia,
performed locally (public & private institutions) vs.
overseas, 2005 - 2014
Total Overseas Local
19th Scientific Meeting of Malaysian Society of Transplantation, 27-28 May 2016, Penang
Source: 22nd Report of the Malaysian Dialysis and Transplantation Registry 2014
27. 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
No. of Kidney Transplant Recipients in Malaysia,
performed locally (live donor & cadaveric) vs. overseas,
2005 - 2014
Overseas (commercial) Local (live donors) Local (cadaveric)
19th Scientific Meeting of Malaysian Society of Transplantation, 27-28 May 2016, Penang
Source: 22nd Report of the Malaysian Dialysis and Transplantation Registry 2014
28. Thank you
hirman@moh.gov.my | Twitter @DrHirman #MedTweetMy |
www.about.me/hirmanismail
19th Scientific Meeting of Malaysian Society of Transplantation, 27-28 May 2016, Penang
