The document discusses traditional Fijian and Indo-Fijian health and healing practices, beliefs, and cultural customs. Some key points include:
- Traditional Fijian society is based on communal principles of village life led by a hereditary chief, with people sharing obligations and rewards.
- Health issues have both natural and supernatural explanations treated by Western medicine or traditional healers respectively.
- Life events like births, marriages, deaths involve elaborate rituals that have incorporated Christian and Hindu/Muslim influences over time.
- Diet and use of medicinal plants have declined with urbanization and processed foods, potentially reducing iron and nutritional intakes.
- Understanding cultural perspectives is important for improving community health strategies according
There is no single African religion, as practices and beliefs varied widely across different regions and ethnic groups. Most African religions were oral traditions that incorporated belief in a supreme deity or high god, lesser spirits that could help or harm humans, and the active involvement of ancestors. Rituals and rites of passage marked important life events, and religious specialists like healers and diviners played important roles. While some North African regions integrated Greek, Roman and later Christian influences, the spread of Christianity and Islam more widely in Africa has changed and sometimes conflicted with traditional religious practices.
05 Lawrence Osano Is Wife Inheritance An Impediment In HivNicholas Jacobs
This document discusses how certain cultural practices in the Luo ethnic community in Kenya can act as impediments to controlling and preventing the spread of HIV/AIDS. It focuses on the practices of wife inheritance, polygamy, and "Chira" (a curse). Wife inheritance traditionally ensured continuity of the family line but now young men often claim widows for pleasure without concern for their well-being. Polygamy allowed men to have many wives and sons, but spreading infections. "Chira" involves rituals that could spread disease. The male-dominated culture prevents women from refusing sex or insisting on condom use. Overall, the document argues that cultural practices need guidance to curb HIV/AIDS spread while respecting traditions
A case study of a cultural co-existence experience in the South African conte...AwqafSA
This document describes the 40-year relationship between two families - one Indian and one African - that began through a Muslim youth organization's dawah workshop in South Africa in the 1970s. The workshop inspired one of the African family's members, Uncle Omar, to accept Islam. He was paired with an Indian family, and over many years, the families overcame social, cultural, racial and religious divides to build a close relationship. They supported each other through challenges like deaths in the families. The experience taught lessons of forming interracial relationships through Islam, understanding different cultures, and how dawah can influence lives over generations.
The document discusses ethics and cultural norms in different countries. It notes that in some countries only close family interacts with women and children, handshakes are only between same genders, and all guests are offered dates and tea. Some cultures view crossed legs or showing feet as rude gestures. Men holding hands can indicate homosexuality in some developed nations but brotherly affection in others. Many cultures respect elders regardless of status and maintain family and age hierarchies. Insider trading was once legal in Russia and harms companies. Malaysians may accept unethical competitor actions while China and Thailand offer less copyright and patent protection. Saudi law requires women be accompanied by men outside and bans women driving. The US prominently uses lobbying by registered groups to advocate
Jordan is a progressive Arab country with a democratic government led by a king. It faces issues regarding women's rights, genetic screening technologies, religious differences, and the persecution of Syrian refugees. Women have made gains but still face legal restrictions from men. Genetic screening raises ethical debates. Religion has historically caused conflicts, so visitors should respect local customs. Jordan hosts over 1 million Iraqi and Palestinian refugees but language barriers are low due to most speaking Arabic. The document outlines these topics in Jordan and encourages mutual understanding between its people and visitors like those from the United States.
The document discusses the history and status of women in the Philippines. It begins with discussing women's roles in pre-colonial times when they had equal status to men. Spanish colonization in the 16th century led to the subjugation and exploitation of Filipino women. Today, women are still primarily responsible for domestic duties but some work outside the home in jobs like teaching or healthcare. Filipino women also experience discrimination and are vulnerable to exploitation including human trafficking. The feminist movement in the Philippines advocates for women's rights and empowerment. Groups like GABRIELA campaign against issues like land rights, militarization, and violence against women. The role of women is changing as more hold jobs and participate in business and
The document discusses the role of women in the Philippines. It notes that the Philippines is considered a nation of strong women who had greater legal equality than other parts of Southeast Asia prior to colonization. During Spanish colonization from 1565 to 1898, there was a preference for male children. Today, women in urban areas have similar opportunities as men in business, while rural women primarily care for the home. However, the Philippines still struggles with issues like mail order brides, marital rape, and prostitution.
There is no single African religion, as practices and beliefs varied widely across different regions and ethnic groups. Most African religions were oral traditions that incorporated belief in a supreme deity or high god, lesser spirits that could help or harm humans, and the active involvement of ancestors. Rituals and rites of passage marked important life events, and religious specialists like healers and diviners played important roles. While some North African regions integrated Greek, Roman and later Christian influences, the spread of Christianity and Islam more widely in Africa has changed and sometimes conflicted with traditional religious practices.
05 Lawrence Osano Is Wife Inheritance An Impediment In HivNicholas Jacobs
This document discusses how certain cultural practices in the Luo ethnic community in Kenya can act as impediments to controlling and preventing the spread of HIV/AIDS. It focuses on the practices of wife inheritance, polygamy, and "Chira" (a curse). Wife inheritance traditionally ensured continuity of the family line but now young men often claim widows for pleasure without concern for their well-being. Polygamy allowed men to have many wives and sons, but spreading infections. "Chira" involves rituals that could spread disease. The male-dominated culture prevents women from refusing sex or insisting on condom use. Overall, the document argues that cultural practices need guidance to curb HIV/AIDS spread while respecting traditions
A case study of a cultural co-existence experience in the South African conte...AwqafSA
This document describes the 40-year relationship between two families - one Indian and one African - that began through a Muslim youth organization's dawah workshop in South Africa in the 1970s. The workshop inspired one of the African family's members, Uncle Omar, to accept Islam. He was paired with an Indian family, and over many years, the families overcame social, cultural, racial and religious divides to build a close relationship. They supported each other through challenges like deaths in the families. The experience taught lessons of forming interracial relationships through Islam, understanding different cultures, and how dawah can influence lives over generations.
The document discusses ethics and cultural norms in different countries. It notes that in some countries only close family interacts with women and children, handshakes are only between same genders, and all guests are offered dates and tea. Some cultures view crossed legs or showing feet as rude gestures. Men holding hands can indicate homosexuality in some developed nations but brotherly affection in others. Many cultures respect elders regardless of status and maintain family and age hierarchies. Insider trading was once legal in Russia and harms companies. Malaysians may accept unethical competitor actions while China and Thailand offer less copyright and patent protection. Saudi law requires women be accompanied by men outside and bans women driving. The US prominently uses lobbying by registered groups to advocate
Jordan is a progressive Arab country with a democratic government led by a king. It faces issues regarding women's rights, genetic screening technologies, religious differences, and the persecution of Syrian refugees. Women have made gains but still face legal restrictions from men. Genetic screening raises ethical debates. Religion has historically caused conflicts, so visitors should respect local customs. Jordan hosts over 1 million Iraqi and Palestinian refugees but language barriers are low due to most speaking Arabic. The document outlines these topics in Jordan and encourages mutual understanding between its people and visitors like those from the United States.
The document discusses the history and status of women in the Philippines. It begins with discussing women's roles in pre-colonial times when they had equal status to men. Spanish colonization in the 16th century led to the subjugation and exploitation of Filipino women. Today, women are still primarily responsible for domestic duties but some work outside the home in jobs like teaching or healthcare. Filipino women also experience discrimination and are vulnerable to exploitation including human trafficking. The feminist movement in the Philippines advocates for women's rights and empowerment. Groups like GABRIELA campaign against issues like land rights, militarization, and violence against women. The role of women is changing as more hold jobs and participate in business and
The document discusses the role of women in the Philippines. It notes that the Philippines is considered a nation of strong women who had greater legal equality than other parts of Southeast Asia prior to colonization. During Spanish colonization from 1565 to 1898, there was a preference for male children. Today, women in urban areas have similar opportunities as men in business, while rural women primarily care for the home. However, the Philippines still struggles with issues like mail order brides, marital rape, and prostitution.
Social stratification in Turkey is based on wealth, education, occupation, and location (urban vs rural). The main classes are the wealthy urban educated class, urban middle class, urban lower class, rural landowners, and rural population. Urban areas are more westernized while rural areas maintain traditional customs. Marriage typically occurs within one's own social class and is still often arranged, though individual consent is now required. Households are typically nuclear family-based though traditionally extended families and patrilineal descent were important. Gender roles are becoming more equal.
Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Rites of Passage for Young MāoriManu Caddie
A summary of research into traditional rites of passage for young Māori by Te Ora Hou Aotearoa.
Presented at the NZ Council of Christian Social Services National Conference, 18-19 April 2012.
For more information visit: www.teorahou.org.nz
The tradition of India has been shaped by its long history, with influences from neighboring regions and the retention of ancient heritages throughout periods like the Indus Valley civilization, Vedic age, rise and fall of Buddhism, and European colonization. India's diversity of ethnicities, languages, customs, and religions are examples of the blending of influences over millennia. Most Indians value this ethnic diversity and the tolerance of differences that has developed. Hinduism and Buddhism are the largest religions in India, though it is also home to religions like Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, Jainism, and Zoroastrianism. Family and social structures are also diverse but often emphasize patriarchal extended families, cultural hierarchy, and
This document discusses a study conducted on the attitude of young people towards dowry in Kottayam town, India. It begins with an abstract noting that dowry remains a problem in Indian society despite changes. The introduction provides background on dowry as a tradition expected of brides' families and its negative impacts. The study aims to understand young people's views on dowry. It finds that most respondents are aware dowry is illegal but it remains prevalent in their communities. The majority of respondents' families participated in dowry practices. The document examines the causes and effects of dowry on individuals and society. It outlines laws against dowry but notes they have been ineffective. The conclusion is that dowry persists as a social problem and
'How can we best support young people in situations of adversity?'Young Lives Oxford
This presentation by Alula Pankhurst, Young Lives Ethiopia Country Director, was delivered as part of the Child Protection panel at the 'Young Lives, child poverty and lessons for the SDGs' conference on 27th June, 2018.
Indian Ways for Dating, Marriage and FamilySam Wais
1) In India, marriage is traditionally arranged by parents and viewed as a union between families rather than just two individuals. Factors like religion, caste, and astrological compatibility are heavily considered in arranging marriages.
2) While arranged, Indian couples are still able to choose whether to accept the arrangement after an engagement period where they can meet and get to know each other. This engagement period functions similarly to dating.
3) The traditions and roles around marriage in India are gradually changing, though arranged marriages remain common and cultural norms still emphasize family, commitment, and respect between genders within marriage.
This document is a municipal ordinance from New Lucena, Iloilo province in the Philippines that enacts a Gender and Development Code. The ordinance establishes policies and programs to mainstream gender concerns across all development plans, projects, and services. It defines key terms related to gender and development. It also outlines gender-sensitive programs, including supporting gender studies, integrating gender considerations into zoning and relocation plans, promoting community-based environmental programs with participation from both men and women, and ensuring women's role in environmental impact assessments.
The document presents unemployment rate data from 2010 from the U.S. Department of Labor Statistics based on level of educational attainment. It shows that as educational attainment increases from less than a high school diploma to a doctoral degree, the unemployment rate decreases from 14.9% to 1.9%. A linear regression analysis was performed finding a strong negative correlation between education level and unemployment rate. The conclusion is that there is a clear relationship where higher education leads to lower unemployment rates.
This document discusses strategies for becoming culturally proficient and responsive. It explores assumptions about culture, research on cultural differences, and strategies for self and organizational change. The key points are: examine your own cultural assumptions, recognize that culture is defined broadly, conflicts are natural and preventable with effort, and population diversity requires intercultural skills. Becoming culturally proficient is a lifelong process that involves assessing one's own culture, managing differences, expanding cultural knowledge, and adapting.
Role of cultural factors in health & disease...Kingsuk Sarkar
This document discusses traditional beliefs and practices in rural Indian communities that impact health. It covers a wide range of topics including beliefs about disease causation, water and sanitation, food, pregnancy and childbirth practices, personal hygiene, oral health, sleep, substance use, clothing, hygiene practices, and more. Many traditional practices are identified as potentially harmful to health, such as open defecation, lack of handwashing, inadequate food and care during pregnancy, and substance use. The deep psychological and cultural roots of these practices are also acknowledged.
This document discusses cultural diversity in health care. It defines culture and explains that cultural diversity manifests both obviously through factors like religion, ethnicity, and gender, as well as less obviously through age, education, mobility, and sexual orientation. The document emphasizes that healthcare workers must be culturally competent by understanding how personal biases and values influence communication with patients from diverse backgrounds. It provides tips for acquiring cultural competence, such as being aware of different cultural health beliefs, customs, and language barriers when providing care.
This is our report for Anthropology 1 and our Topic was Marriage
Marriage: definition, Types of marriage (how does one marry), economic aspects of marriage, theories on incest tabboo, Whom Should One marry?, Family
05 Lawrence Osano Is Wife Inheritance An Impediment In H I VNicholas Jacobs
This document discusses how certain cultural practices in the Luo ethnic community in Kenya can act as impediments to controlling and preventing the spread of HIV/AIDS. It focuses on the practices of wife inheritance, polygamy, and "Chira" (a curse). Wife inheritance traditionally ensured continuity of the family line but now young men often claim widows for pleasure without concern for infection status. Polygamy allowed men to have many wives and sons, but spreading infection. "Chira" involved a ritual with a widow's body that could also spread disease. Male dominance prevents women from refusing unprotected sex or inheritance. The document calls for respecting traditions but adding education to address modern challenges like HIV/AIDS.
This document discusses different types of social institutions of marriage. It defines marriage as a social institution that establishes a permanent relationship between a male and female as husband and wife. The three main types of marriage discussed are group marriage, monogamy, and experimental marriage. Group marriage includes polyandry where one wife has multiple husbands, and polygamy where one husband has multiple wives. Monogamy, with one husband and one wife, is now the most widely accepted form of marriage globally. Experimental marriage allows couples to live together without formalizing the relationship.
Social stratification in Turkey is based on wealth, education, occupation, and location (urban vs rural). The main classes are the wealthy urban educated class, urban middle class, urban lower class, rural landowners, and rural population. Urban areas are more westernized while rural areas maintain traditional customs. Marriage typically occurs within one's own social class and is still often arranged, though individual consent is now required. Households are typically nuclear family-based though traditionally extended families and patrilineal descent were important. Gender roles are becoming more equal.
Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Rites of Passage for Young MāoriManu Caddie
A summary of research into traditional rites of passage for young Māori by Te Ora Hou Aotearoa.
Presented at the NZ Council of Christian Social Services National Conference, 18-19 April 2012.
For more information visit: www.teorahou.org.nz
The tradition of India has been shaped by its long history, with influences from neighboring regions and the retention of ancient heritages throughout periods like the Indus Valley civilization, Vedic age, rise and fall of Buddhism, and European colonization. India's diversity of ethnicities, languages, customs, and religions are examples of the blending of influences over millennia. Most Indians value this ethnic diversity and the tolerance of differences that has developed. Hinduism and Buddhism are the largest religions in India, though it is also home to religions like Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, Jainism, and Zoroastrianism. Family and social structures are also diverse but often emphasize patriarchal extended families, cultural hierarchy, and
This document discusses a study conducted on the attitude of young people towards dowry in Kottayam town, India. It begins with an abstract noting that dowry remains a problem in Indian society despite changes. The introduction provides background on dowry as a tradition expected of brides' families and its negative impacts. The study aims to understand young people's views on dowry. It finds that most respondents are aware dowry is illegal but it remains prevalent in their communities. The majority of respondents' families participated in dowry practices. The document examines the causes and effects of dowry on individuals and society. It outlines laws against dowry but notes they have been ineffective. The conclusion is that dowry persists as a social problem and
'How can we best support young people in situations of adversity?'Young Lives Oxford
This presentation by Alula Pankhurst, Young Lives Ethiopia Country Director, was delivered as part of the Child Protection panel at the 'Young Lives, child poverty and lessons for the SDGs' conference on 27th June, 2018.
Indian Ways for Dating, Marriage and FamilySam Wais
1) In India, marriage is traditionally arranged by parents and viewed as a union between families rather than just two individuals. Factors like religion, caste, and astrological compatibility are heavily considered in arranging marriages.
2) While arranged, Indian couples are still able to choose whether to accept the arrangement after an engagement period where they can meet and get to know each other. This engagement period functions similarly to dating.
3) The traditions and roles around marriage in India are gradually changing, though arranged marriages remain common and cultural norms still emphasize family, commitment, and respect between genders within marriage.
This document is a municipal ordinance from New Lucena, Iloilo province in the Philippines that enacts a Gender and Development Code. The ordinance establishes policies and programs to mainstream gender concerns across all development plans, projects, and services. It defines key terms related to gender and development. It also outlines gender-sensitive programs, including supporting gender studies, integrating gender considerations into zoning and relocation plans, promoting community-based environmental programs with participation from both men and women, and ensuring women's role in environmental impact assessments.
The document presents unemployment rate data from 2010 from the U.S. Department of Labor Statistics based on level of educational attainment. It shows that as educational attainment increases from less than a high school diploma to a doctoral degree, the unemployment rate decreases from 14.9% to 1.9%. A linear regression analysis was performed finding a strong negative correlation between education level and unemployment rate. The conclusion is that there is a clear relationship where higher education leads to lower unemployment rates.
This document discusses strategies for becoming culturally proficient and responsive. It explores assumptions about culture, research on cultural differences, and strategies for self and organizational change. The key points are: examine your own cultural assumptions, recognize that culture is defined broadly, conflicts are natural and preventable with effort, and population diversity requires intercultural skills. Becoming culturally proficient is a lifelong process that involves assessing one's own culture, managing differences, expanding cultural knowledge, and adapting.
Role of cultural factors in health & disease...Kingsuk Sarkar
This document discusses traditional beliefs and practices in rural Indian communities that impact health. It covers a wide range of topics including beliefs about disease causation, water and sanitation, food, pregnancy and childbirth practices, personal hygiene, oral health, sleep, substance use, clothing, hygiene practices, and more. Many traditional practices are identified as potentially harmful to health, such as open defecation, lack of handwashing, inadequate food and care during pregnancy, and substance use. The deep psychological and cultural roots of these practices are also acknowledged.
This document discusses cultural diversity in health care. It defines culture and explains that cultural diversity manifests both obviously through factors like religion, ethnicity, and gender, as well as less obviously through age, education, mobility, and sexual orientation. The document emphasizes that healthcare workers must be culturally competent by understanding how personal biases and values influence communication with patients from diverse backgrounds. It provides tips for acquiring cultural competence, such as being aware of different cultural health beliefs, customs, and language barriers when providing care.
This is our report for Anthropology 1 and our Topic was Marriage
Marriage: definition, Types of marriage (how does one marry), economic aspects of marriage, theories on incest tabboo, Whom Should One marry?, Family
05 Lawrence Osano Is Wife Inheritance An Impediment In H I VNicholas Jacobs
This document discusses how certain cultural practices in the Luo ethnic community in Kenya can act as impediments to controlling and preventing the spread of HIV/AIDS. It focuses on the practices of wife inheritance, polygamy, and "Chira" (a curse). Wife inheritance traditionally ensured continuity of the family line but now young men often claim widows for pleasure without concern for infection status. Polygamy allowed men to have many wives and sons, but spreading infection. "Chira" involved a ritual with a widow's body that could also spread disease. Male dominance prevents women from refusing unprotected sex or inheritance. The document calls for respecting traditions but adding education to address modern challenges like HIV/AIDS.
This document discusses different types of social institutions of marriage. It defines marriage as a social institution that establishes a permanent relationship between a male and female as husband and wife. The three main types of marriage discussed are group marriage, monogamy, and experimental marriage. Group marriage includes polyandry where one wife has multiple husbands, and polygamy where one husband has multiple wives. Monogamy, with one husband and one wife, is now the most widely accepted form of marriage globally. Experimental marriage allows couples to live together without formalizing the relationship.
The document discusses family, marriage, and the dowry system in India. It defines family as a basic social unit consisting of parents and children that influences individuals throughout their lives. It describes nuclear and joint families, with nuclear families consisting of two generations and joint families including three generations under one roof. Marriage is defined as a legally recognized union between partners, with monogamy being the most common form worldwide. The document also outlines India's Dowry Prohibition Act which criminalizes dowry demands and aims to reduce associated social issues including violence against women.
The document summarizes cultural aspects of the Luo community in Kenya, including their marriage ceremonies, initiation practices, folklore, occupations, and living conditions. Marriage ceremonies involve the payment of dowries in animals. Initiation practices for men traditionally did not include circumcision but involved removing teeth. Folklore like stories, riddles, and legends are important parts of Luo culture. Traditionally, the Luo were fishermen and women performed domestic and farming work. Houses were commonly made of mud, twigs, and thatched roofs.
This document discusses various types of taboos around the world, including definitions, origins, and examples. It covers religious taboos, taboo sex practices, cultural taboos involving rituals, and food taboos. Specific rituals discussed include self-flagellation, spirit possession, fire walking, and scarification. Religious prohibitions and cultural norms around sex, diet, and social behaviors are described for several regions. Taboos in Pakistan are also summarized, such as those relating to dowries, black magic, honor killings, and food restrictions according to Islamic law.
Africa has immense cultural diversity due to its large size and geographical barriers separating peoples. [1] This has led to hundreds of distinct cultures within various nations and the use of European languages as official government languages. [2] Traditional African cultures place heavy emphasis on extended families and community over the individual. [3] Marriage customs, roles of family members, and beliefs surrounding death and the afterlife vary significantly between different ethnic groups across the continent.
The document discusses the sociological foundations of family and education. It defines family as the smallest social institution for rearing children. It then classifies families based on orientation, structure, authority, residence, descent, number of spouses, choice of mate, and marriage patterns. The key functions of family are listed as reproduction, cultural transmission, socialization, providing security and affection, personality development, and social control. Educational implications focus on the importance of family education, small family planning, transmitting positive values, delaying marriage, and saving troubled marriages.
This document provides an overview of sociological perspectives on families and marriage. It defines key concepts like family, kinship, marriage, and household. It discusses how marriage and family structures vary across cultures, including differences in kinship ties, lines of descent, marital residence, and forms of marriage. It also summarizes sociological theories for understanding families, such as functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism. Finally, it notes how families and households are changing with factors like increasing age of first marriage, migration, and same-sex marriage.
Working with Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander communitiesMichael Friganiotis
In the social services field in Australia, clients of Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander background need to be considered in a special way from those of other cultural backgrounds. In this presentation the author draws on his personal experience, and also draws on the knowledge and experience of others, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, to provide some important information.
Family: Definition, Changing trends in family structure, Types of families, C...ANCYBS
1. The document discusses different types and definitions of families. It defines family as a group united by marriage, blood, or adoption that interacts and communicates within defined social roles.
2. Families are characterized by universality across societies, an emotional basis in relationships, limited size, influence on socializing children, and both persistence as an institution but change over time.
3. The document outlines nuclear families, extended families, families based on marriage structure (monogamous or polygamous), and families based on residence (patrilocal, matrilocal, neolocal, etc.). It provides details on the characteristics and prevalence of each type.
The people of Fako Division in Cameroon come from diverse ethnic backgrounds including the Bakweri, Bamileke, Duala, and others. They live in both urban and rural areas and work in a variety of skilled and unskilled professions. Family and religion are highly important cultural values. The people celebrate several holidays throughout the year and enjoy social activities like football matches.
Traditional joint family bhgvbhhhfxcvhggAfsanaBibi1
The document defines a traditional joint family as consisting of persons with a common male ancestor, unmarried female offspring, and women married into the group. It lives together or near each other and shares resources.
A joint family is typically large with parents, children, grandchildren and other relatives. Property, production, consumption and residence are shared. Members have common religion and participate jointly in religious and social events. Rights and obligations are equal among members.
While a joint family ensures support and care for members, it can also lead to quarrels, deny privacy for new couples, allow uncontrolled procreation, and discourage capital accumulation by individuals. However, it provides economic support, division of labor, social insurance for vulnerable groups, and
The document provides an overview of life in pre-colonial Philippines, covering topics such as society, politics, religion, economics, and culture. Some key aspects summarized are: Society had social classes and women had some rights; the basic political unit was the barangay led by a datu; religion involved belief in spirits and practices like divination; the economy relied on agriculture, fishing, mining and trade; and aspects of culture included languages, arts, and traditions that have survived to modern times.
The document discusses family, marriage, and related legislation in India. It begins by defining family and describing the characteristics and functions of the family. It then discusses different types of families including joint family, nuclear family, blended family, and extended family. It also covers topics like dowry system, changes in modern families, and important marriage-related legislation introduced in India like the Hindu Marriage Act 1955, Dowry Prohibition Act 1961, and Child Marriage Restraint Act 1929. The document provides details on each of these topics in family and marriage in the Indian context.
There are many aspects of the Filipino family that can be explored, such as its structure, culture, traditions & values, functions, issues even the government programs for the welfare of the Filipino family .
Pre-colonial Philippine society had its own civilization that influenced customs, traditions, and ways of life. Society was stratified into social classes like nobles, freemen, and dependents. People lived in communal houses and wore minimal clothing and ornaments determined by social status. Marriage required rituals and dowries. A barangay form of government headed by a datu was based on alliances and customary laws. Religion involved animistic beliefs in gods and spirits that were communicated through priestesses. The dead were buried with valuables in communal cemeteries.
The document provides information on various topics related to culture, relationships, and marriage from the perspective of the Earthsoft Foundation of Guidance. It discusses the value of a person, defines culture and its elements, explains different religious practices and food habits. It also summarizes issues related to women abuse, expensive marriages, inter-caste marriages, disengagement, divorce, single family living and provides tips for successful marriages. The document aims to provide guidance on these social and relationship matters to make society better.
The Filipino family typically consists of a husband, wife, and children, and can be extended to include grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins. Filipino families exhibit strong family closeness and emphasize family values such as respect (paggalang), getting along with others (pakikisama), gratitude (utang na loob), and prioritizing family (pagpapahalaga sa pamilya). Filipino families also adhere to traditions surrounding home customs, religious symbols, and superstitions aimed at protecting family harmony and prosperity.
This certificate is for Jonasa Radidisa and is for completing studies in refrigeration, heating, ventilation and air conditioning at the Technical College of Fiji. It was issued on August 17, 2016 and was certified by the Technical College of Fiji.
This document discusses the need to develop a framework to invest in the future of young people in Waya Levu village by addressing their wealth and reproductive health needs. It highlights that young people make up a large portion of the population but face threats like school dropout, unemployment, and lack of access to contraception. The proposed framework would provide life skills education, access to health services, community support, and family support to help young people pursue education, delay early marriage and parenthood, and make responsible decisions. Investing in the health and future of youth would benefit both individual young people and the social and economic development of the community as a whole.
The document discusses investing in the future of young people in Waya Levu village in Fiji. It notes that youth make up a large part of the population but face social risks like unemployment and dropping out of school if not properly supported. The Waya Levu Youth Club aims to empower youth and promote healthy lifestyles by encouraging families to invest in youth education, health, and skills training. A proposed framework has four parts: life skills education, access to health services, a supportive environment, and community/family support. Investing in youth is important for individual development and the future economic and social progress of the community.
The document is an attendance record for a youth club gathering that took place on an unspecified date in 2016. It lists the full name of the attendee and divides attendees into age groups of 14-21, 22-35, and 36-45. The document also has a section to record the total number of attendees.
The document discusses considerations for starting an internet cafe business in Wayalevu Youth Club. It notes that reliable internet is crucial, and recommends getting quality service over cheaper options that may disconnect frequently. The number of computers will determine the network setup, with under 25 using a single front desk computer and over 25 requiring a dedicated server. Additional services like games, food, drinks and comfortable furniture can encourage longer stays and extra profits. In total, the document provides tips on internet quality, computer quantities, network configuration and adding amenities to boost an internet cafe business.
The document outlines the management structure of the Wayalevu Youth Club for 2016-2017, including positions such as Board Director, Gathering Committee, Financial Committee, and Trustee to oversee operations in Nadi, Lautoka, Ba, and overseas branches.
The Waya Levu Youth Club outlines its board of directors, gathering committee, financial committee, and trustees for 2016/2017. The board of directors has 5 members including the chairman and assistant chairman. The gathering committee has 6 members split between those from Nadi and Lautoka. The financial committee has 5 members led by the director of financial committee and including roles like assistant director, secretary, and treasurer. There are 3 trustee members listed to oversee the organization.
The document discusses why investing in young people is important. It notes that young people make up a large part of the population and workforce in many countries. Their ability to contribute economically and avoid social risks, especially for those with low incomes, depends on how well they are supported. Investing in programs for youth can help them develop skills to be productive members of their communities and economies.
The Waya Levu Youth Club aims to have a healthy and productive youth group by 2017 and beyond through positive investments in their future. They strive to ensure respect among members and transparency, while providing health, financial protection, and commitment for young people. An event is being held on July 30th, 2016 from 6-11PM at the Vakatora Housing Hall to gather Waya Levu Youth around Fiji and abroad.
The document discusses investing in the future of young people in Waya Levu village in Fiji. It notes that youth make up a large part of the population but face social risks like unemployment and dropping out of school. The Waya Levu Youth Club aims to empower youth and promote healthy lifestyles by encouraging families to invest in their children's education, health, and future. A framework is proposed with four components: life skills education, access to health services, a supportive environment, and community/family support. Investing in youth is argued to benefit both individuals and society by reducing risks and promoting productivity.
The document announces a gathering on July 30th at Vakatora Hall that is open to all. It discusses the vision, mission, and objectives of creating a healthy and productive youth group by 2017 and beyond. The key goals are to have a positive investment in the future of youth through activities like regular meetings, identifying needs, collaboration between youth and society, and improving well-being. The document outlines frameworks and aims to provide health resources while preventing issues like school dropout, unemployment, and social threats through encouraging families and a supportive environment.
The document outlines the vision, mission, and aims of a youth group in Fiji and the Yasawa island region. The vision is to have a healthy and productive youth group by 2017 and beyond. The mission is to have a positive investment for the future, ensure all members respect one another, and be transparent. The aims are to provide wealth, health, and financial protection for young people. The group wants to help young people in the region avoid social risks and contribute to their communities' productivity.
The document outlines the agenda for a youth board meeting, including a welcome, prayer, introduction, a youth presentation on investing in the future, selecting a youth committee, and identifying various board members, committee members, financial roles, and trustees.
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
6. INDEGENIOUS HEALTH & HEALING
PRACTICES
• Traditional Fijian society is based on communal
principles derived from village life. People in
villages share the obligations and rewards of
community life and are still led by a hereditary
chief.
Traditional Fijian society is based on communal
principles derived from village life. People in
villages share the obligations and rewards of
community life and are still led by a hereditary
chief. They work together in the preparation of
feasts and in the making of gifts
7. • for presentation on various occasions; they fish together, later
dividing the catch; and they all help in communal activities such as
the building of homes and maintenance of pathways and the village
green.
• The great advantage of this system is an extended family unit that
allows no-one to go hungry, uncared for or unloved. Ideally it is an
all-encompassing security net that works very effectively not only
as a caretaking system, but also by giving each person a sense of
belonging and identity.
• On the negative side, the communal system can be restrictive for
the individual, who has no choice but to toe the line. Ambition and
any kind of entrepreneurial instinct are quickly stifled, sometimes
by jealous relatives if someone actually gets too far ahead. This
means one can't really be too different or rebel too much.
8. • One will never grow rich in the village, but there is stability. Land ownership and the security
of village life have provided Fijians with a `safety net', but this has been a burden as well. In a
sense, it has prevented Fijians (who own more than 80% of the land) from competing with
the Indians, who have never had the luxury of land ownership.
• The communal life has put Fijians at a disadvantage with people whose lot has always been
to struggle and make the most of what little they have; in the transition from a communal,
subsistence-farming society to a capitalist money economy, Fijians have had to adjust much
more than the Indians.
9. FIJIAN WOMEN BELIEFS
• : Dau veiqaravi, being of service;Taucoko ni vei
qaravi itavi, completion and completeness of
tasks; Na veiwekani, maintaining harmony in
relationships; Kena I raira, outward reflection or
physical appearance; and Bula
vakayalo, spirituality.
10. INDO-FIJIAN BELIEF
• : Ghareloo, domesticated/being of
service;Kamasooth, completion and
completeness of tasks; paarwarik, maintaining
harmony in relationships; saundariye, outward
reflection or physical appearance;
and , spirituality.
11. Beliefs For Fijian Male
• Chief-rules makers
• Matanivanua[spokesman]
• Bati[warrior]
• Bete[priest]
• Gonedau[fishermans]
• Matai sau[carpenters]
12.
13. • Ethnic Fijians often attribute sickness to supernatural
entities in their pre-Christian belief system. Illnesses
that are due to natural causes are treated with
Western medicine and medical practices, but illnesses
that are thought to result from sorcery are treated by
traditional healers, including seers, diviners, massage
masters, and herbalists. Healing occurs in a ritual
context as the forces of good battle those of evil.
Muslims and Hindus also turn to religious leaders to
request divine intervention in the case of illness.
Read more:http://www.everyculture.com/Cr-
Ga/Fiji.html#ixzz4EtX67Ule
14. Beliefs For Indian Male
• Kamao, breadwinner, malik , head of the
house/boss,/decision maker
• Cast systems-
• Priest
• Higher class-rich people
• Low cast-cleaners etc..
15. Cultural Practices
• i-taukei :Births
• First child-[bogi va ] feast[womens carry the baby during the feast]
• 1 year feast
• Boy-maturity circumcise -na teve[mostly done by 10yrs -12yrs ]
• Followed 4 nights feast
• Female-puberty[menstruat]-12yrs-14yrs,followed by 4 night feast.
• Celerbration on 16yrs
• Celebration on 21yrs .
16. Indo-fijian –births
• Before birth – no preparations done – belief child can be born dead/disable
• After birth – 6th day – celebration (chatti)
• Shaving of head- to take away dirty hair from conception till birth
• Black spot on forehead for protection from evil eyes
• Boys – nil function afterwards
• Girls – ritual happens upon 1st time menstrual in lifecycle
18. • Lakovi-aproach,proposal from male family to the female family.
• -10 tabua [1 vulo]20 tabua [2vulo]
• Va vanua
• Loku bogi-date has argreed
• Vaka mau-Wedding ceremony
• -Other functions within-
• Yasawa-2[kuwali ni cucu-separation[groom separates bride from the mother]
19. Fijian Marriages
• Bogi Va-still practises in highly traditional villages
• Tevu tevu,Solevu –after marriages bringing
traditional gifts[both groom and bridegroom ]
20. Marriages –Indian• Differs for north indians / muslims/ south indians
• Rituals – pre-wedding haldi, chandan , mehandi
• Intra- wedding – kaniya daan- donating daughter to groom’s family , prayer to groom’s feet by girls family – requesting for
bride to be kept well , 7 rounds around fire, application of sindoor , tying of mangalsutra around neck
• Post wedding rituals – visitation of families by picking and dropping of bride from her home to husbands place
• Bride stays with in-laws for ever
21. Marriage, Family, And Kinship
• Marriage. Among ethnic Fijians, marriages were traditionally arranged, with the groom's father
often selecting a bride from a subclan with which his family had a long-term relationship; ties
between lineages and families were strengthened in this manner. Today, although individuals
choose their spouses freely, marriage is still considered an alliance between groups rather than
individuals. When parental approval is refused, a couple may elope. To avoid the shame of an
irregular relationship, the husband's parents must quickly offer their apologies and bring gifts to
the wife's family, who are obliged to accept them. Marriage is no longer polygynous, but divorce
and remarriage are common. Intermarriage is rare with Indo-Fijians, but Fijians often marry
Europeans, Pacific islanders, and Chinese. Indo-Fijian marriages traditionally were also parentally
arranged. Religiously sanctioned marriages are the norm, but civil registration has been required
since 1928.
• Domestic Unit. Among ethnic Fijians, leve ni vale ("people of the house") include family members
who eat together, share their economic resources, and have access to all parts of the house. The
domestic unit typically consists of the senior couple, their unmarried children, and a married son
with his wife and children and may extend to include an aged widowed parent, a sister of the head
of the household, and grandchildren. Older people seldom live alone. Nuclear families are
becoming more common in urban areas. The male household head controls the economic activity
of the other males, and his wife supervises the other women. Indo-Fijians in rural areas live mostly
in scattered homesteads rather than in villages. Their households tend now to comprise a nuclear
family rather than the traditional joint-family of the past.
22. • Inheritance. Among Fijians and Indo-Fijians, inheritance is largely patrilineal. Traditionally, a man
inherited the symbols, social status, and property rights of his father's subclan, although men
sometimes inherit from the mother or wife's family as well. Today property other than native land
may be willed to anyone. National law dictates that a surviving widow is entitled to a third of
intestate property, with the remaining two-thirds apportioned among the deceased's heirs,
including daughters.
• Kin Groups. For ethnic Fijians, interpersonal relationships and social behavior are governed by links
of kinship. Households affiliate with households with which they share a male ancestor, forming an
extended family group with extensive social and economic interactions. These lineages combine to
form a patrilineal subclan ( mataqali ), which typically has exclusive claim to part of a village, where
its members locate their homes. A village may have several subclans, among which the chiefly
subclan dominates, receiving hereditary services from the others. These subclans are exogamous,
and the members refer to each other by using kinship terms. Subclans come together to form clans
( yavusa ) that claim a common male ancestor, often from the distant past. Indo-Fijians arrived too
recently to have developed extrafamilial kin groups similar to Indian castes. Kin-related activities
involve actual or fictive paternal and maternal relatives.
•
Read more: http://www.everyculture.com/Cr-Ga/Fiji.html#ixzz4EtiLCet9
23. Deaths
• Itaukei Deaths-rural settings –villages
• KAU MATA NI SA[yasawa ]-annoluncement of death to relative
• Loku ni siga ni bulu-date arragement for the burial
• Yabo,reguregu-3 days befor actual funeral date
• Doki [mostly ladies-elderly women same tribe]—stay 2night before [mother side][after the funeral-mataqali ][duites-take
lamp to the grave yard every night ,every morning ,bring it back ,]
• Tatatau mai vale-[residence] 1 t abua
• Tatau mai na lotu[church] -1 tabua
• Veibulu
• 2 maginti-1-loloma-magitni ni mate[after the funera],2-mamalaio-feast [thanks given ],wait for 5 nights[feast]-wait for
another 100 nights [last feast]
• -grave site-cemented
• Current Situations
• The burial practice ,everything is done in one day –from 5 nights to 100nights ,together with feastings-due-finianl budge-
immigrates to urban settings.
• Funerals
• Death evokes strong emotional and elaborate ritual responses in both Fijian and Indo-Fijian communities. But here the similarities end. Ethnic Fijians,
almost entirely Christian, have integrated church-focused Christian practices and beliefs with their traditional funerary customs of gift-giving,
feasting, kava drinking, and observance of mourning restrictions. Favoring burial over cremation, they also erect elaborate and colorful cloth
decorations over their graves. Although Christian ideas of heaven and hell are thoroughly integrated into the Fijians' present-day belief system, old
beliefs in the power of ancestral spirits still linger on. Among Indo-Fijians, Hindus may cremate their dead, though this is not the norm, as it is in India;
Muslims insist on burial. These two religions offer very different visions of life after death: Hindus assume that the deceased's soul will be reborn and
Muslims are confident that the true believer will be rewarded with eternal life in paradise.
24. Medicine and Health Care
• Ethnic Fijians often attribute sickness to supernatural entities in their pre-Christian
belief system. Illnesses that are ascribed to natural causes are treated with
Western medicine and medical practices, but illnesses that are thought to result
from sorcery are treated by traditional healers, including seers, diviners, massage
masters, and herbalists. Healing occurs in a ritual context as the forces of good
battle those of evil. Muslims and Hindus also turn to religious leaders to request
divine intervention in the case of illness.
• Government-provided biomedical services are available at several hospitals, health
centers, and nursing stations. The Fiji School of Medicine is affiliated with the
University of the South Pacific, and there is a Fiji School of Nursing and specialist
hospitals in Suva for the treatment of leprosy, psychological disorders, and
tuberculosis. Treatment is not free but is heavily subsidized by the government.
Government-subsidized contraception is available throughout the islands as part
of the family planning program.
•
Read more: http://www.everyculture.com/Cr-Ga/Fiji.html#ixzz4EtjlmoKM
26. Indigenous health
• Herbs medicine
• Indigenous are carried away by new technological medicines and putting
herbs aside .Mostly practise by urban life style because of excess to
medicines rather than herbs found in villages and interior.
• Similar to foods and food storage,people are eating canned foods with is
ric in salt and fats rather than simple preservations of food found in villges
eg-smoked fish –vesa,
• Iron in Foods-Vegetarians
• Dried beans and dark green leafy vegetables are especially good sources
of iron, even better on a per calorie basis than meat. Iron absorption is
increased markedly by eating foods containing vitamin C along with
foods containing iron. Vegetarians do not have a higher incidence of iron
deficiency than do meat eaters.
27. • “Exploring the intricate and delicate weaving of Fijian knowledge and Western
philosophies may be the future to improving health and wellbeing for Fijian
women.”
• understanding health and wellbeing from a cultural perspective allows the
health sector to plan and implement strategies that work for the population,
rather than impose something that has worked in other parts of the
world. “The strategy will be unique and appropriate for that particular
community, which can only improve day-to-day living and takes into
consideration strategic gender needs within that community.
28. Green Vegetables
• Iron is an essential nutrient because it is a central part of
hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in the blood. Iron deficiency
anemia is a worldwide health problem that is especially common in
young women and in children.
• Iron is found in food in two forms, heme and non-heme iron. Heme
iron, which makes up 40 percent of the iron in meat, poultry, and
fish, is well absorbed. Non-heme iron, 60 percent of the iron in
animal tissue and all the iron in plants (fruits, vegetables, grains,
nuts) is less well absorbed. Because vegan diets only contain non-
heme iron, vegans should be especially aware of foods that are high
in iron and techniques that can promote iron absorption.
Recommendations for iron for vegetarians (including vegans) may
be as much as 1.8 times higher than for non-vegetarians .