It's about indigenous psychology

1. INDIGENOUSPSYCHOLOGY
Submitted by-
Madhushree Bhattacharyya
Jahnobi Kakoti
Smita Das
Monalisa Gogoi
Nistha Dhadumia
Hibu Noorie
Florida Mukhim
Maonglemla Jamir
Biswajit Hazarika

2. Contents :
Indian psychology
1. Introduction (By Madhushree Bhattacharyya)
2. Implications (By Jahnobi Kakati)
3. Applications (By Smita Das)
4. Indian perspective on emotions (By Monalisa Gogoi)
5. Self ( By Nistha Dhadumia)
6. Identity ( By Hibu Noorie)
7. Indigenization of psychology in India ( By Florida Mukhim and Maonglemla Jamir)
8. Conclusion ( By Biswajit Hazarika)

3. INDIAN PSYCHOLOGY

4. INTRODUCTION
◦ Indian psychology is an approach to psychology based on the Indian ethos, the characteristic spirit of the
Indian civilization. One could also say that it is a psychology rooted in the consciousness-based Indian
worldview, yoga and a life-affirming spirituality.
◦ It is thus not a psychology specifically or exclusively suitable for people living in the Indian sub-
continent or of Indian origin: We feel that the Indian tradition can make valuable contributions to the
psychological understanding of all human beings, irrespective of their descent or cultural background.
◦ It may help to clarify that with “yoga”, we do not mean the darshana (the philosophical school) of the
same name. We also do not limit its meaning to any of the many specialised schools of yoga, like hatha
yoga or raja yoga.
◦ We take the word “yoga” in its widest sense, in which it indicates all systematic efforts to become
consciously one with the Divine, not only in its passive, transcendent aspect, but also in its manifest,
dynamic presence. Similarly with a life-affirming spirituality we mean a spirituality that accepts the
world and human nature as a field for the Divine to manifest, as a “work in progress”, as a reality that
needs to be transcended in order to be transformed.

5. ◦ In other words, we feel that Indian, consciousness-based approaches to psychology can make a
crucial, and urgently needed contribution to our global civilization.
* To support this development, the Indian Psychology Institute has been set up with the
specific objective of assisting with the introduction of concepts, theories and practices from
Indian Psychology into academics and the professional practice of psychology.
* The ultimate goal of Indian psychology is to promote the well-being of the individual and the
collective consciousness. Indian psychology recognizes the interdependence of the individual
and the larger community, and seeks to promote harmony and balance in both.
* Indian psychology places a strong emphasis on spiritual growth and self-realization,
recognizing that these are key components of mental and emotional well-being. It seeks to help
individuals connect with their inner selves and achieve a sense of peace and contentment.

6. ◦ What Are The Techniques Of Indian Psychology?
Indian psychology incorporates various techniques that have been used for centuries to promote mental and
emotional well-being. Here are some of the key techniques of Indian psychology:
* Mindfulness : Mindfulness is a technique that involves paying attention to the present moment without
judgment. It helps individuals become more aware of their thoughts, emotions, and bodily sensations.
* Yoga: Yoga is a physical and mental practice that originated in India thousands of years ago. It includes a
series of postures, breathing exercises and meditation techniques that promote physical health, mental
clarity, and emotional balance.
* Meditation: Meditation is a practice that involves focusing the mind on a particular object or thought to
achieve a state of calmness and relaxation. It often reduces stress and anxiety and improves mental clarity
and emotional well-being.
* Ayurveda: It is a traditional system of medicine that originated in India. It incorporates various
techniques, including herbal remedies, dietary changes, and lifestyle modifications, to promote physical
and mental health

7. IMPLICATIONS & APPLICATIONS

8. IMPLICATIONS
Indigenous psychology has several important implications:
◦ Cultural Relevance: Indigenous psychology emphasizes the importance of considering the
cultural context in understanding human behavior and mental processes. This can lead to more
culturally relevant and sensitive approaches to psychology.
◦ Holistic Perspective: Indigenous psychology often takes a holistic view of individuals,
considering their connections to the community, environment, and spirituality. This broader
perspective can provide a more comprehensive understanding of human experiences.
◦ Cultural Diversity: Recognizing and respecting the diversity of indigenous cultures and their
unique psychological perspectives is crucial. It highlights the need for cultural competence
among psychologists.
◦ Decolonization: Indigenous psychology can play a role in the decolonization process,
challenging the dominance of Western psychological theories and methods in non-Western
contexts.

9. ◦ Mental Health and Well-being: Indigenous psychology can inform culturally appropriate
approaches to mental health and well-being, addressing issues like trauma, substance abuse,
and stress within indigenous communities.
◦ Community Empowerment: It often emphasizes community-based interventions and
empowerment, recognizing the importance of involving communities in the design and
implementation of psychological services.
◦ Identity and Self-Concept: Indigenous psychology can contribute to a deeper understanding of
how cultural identity and self-concept are shaped within indigenous populations.
◦ Environmental Connection: Indigenous psychology often highlights the interconnectedness of
humans with their natural environment, which can inform conservation and sustainability
efforts.

10. Application
Indian Psychology has several implications and applications in various areas of life.
Some of the key implications and applications include:-

11. 1. Mental Health
Indian Psychology provides a holistic approach to understanding and treating mental health issues, which includes
addressing the symptoms and the underlying causes. It emphasizes the importance of self-awareness, mindfulness, and
meditation in promoting well-being. Some key principles of Indian psychology that are relevant to mental health include:-
◦ Atman
The belief in a spiritual essence or soul in all living beings. According to Indian
psychology, understanding the concept of Atman can help individuals connect
with their inner selves and find inner peace.
◦ Karma
The belief that every action has consequences and that individuals are responsible
for their actions and their effects on the world around them. Understanding Karma
can help individuals understand how their actions impact their own mental and
emotional well-being, as well as the well-being of others.
◦
Dharma
The belief that each individual has a unique purpose or role in the world and that
living in alignment with one's Dharma can lead to greater satisfaction and
fulfillment.

12. ◦ Yoga and meditation
Indian psychology emphasizes using yoga and meditation as tools for self-awareness and spiritual development. Yoga and
meditation are increasingly recognized for their potential benefits in treating many mental health conditions, including
anxiety, depression, and stress.
◦ Ayurveda
Indian psychology also includes traditional Indian medicine, where a big emphasis is on the balance of three doshas called
Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. An imbalance of these doshas is believed to be the root cause of most illnesses. Ayurveda
practitioners recommend certain herbal medicines, lifestyle changes, diet, and yoga to balance these doshas.
2. Spirituality
Indian psychology is closely linked to spirituality, as the ultimate goal of Indian psychology is to achieve spiritual
enlightenment and self-realization. The principles and practices of Indian psychology are designed to help individuals
understand their true selves, connect with their inner spirit, and find inner peace. One of the key concepts of Indian
psychology is the Atman, which is the belief in a spiritual essence or soul that is present in all living beings. According to
Indian psychology, understanding the concept of Atman can help individuals connect with their inner selves and find inner
peace.

13. 3. Education
◦ Indian psychology has potential implications in education as it emphasizes the importance of character development,
self-awareness, and self-regulation, which are essential for success in education and life. Some of the key principles
of Indian psychology that are relevant to education include
-Self Awareness
-Mindfulness
-Growth Mindset
-Values Education
4. Organizational behavior
Indian psychology can be used to understand and improve organizational behavior, particularly in promoting teamwork,
collaboration, and effective communication. It is important to note that while Indian psychology can be a valuable
perspective in organizational psychology, it should not be used in isolation and must be integrated with other
established models and practices.

14. INDIAN PERSPECTIVE ON EMOTIONS

15. INTRODUCTION
Indian perspective throws a beam of light on the fact that emotions stems off from desires and thus should
be observed as springs of action which is also bipolar in characteristics.
Very often we feel what we are made to feel. There are cultural influences as well as early childhood
experiences which often color our feelings. How do people react when you chirpily say “Hey, How’s life?”
or “What’s up?” smilingly waiting for a positive response. We all want to be happy. To a certain extent the
feelings we want to feel are the ones we actually value. Though values are socio- culturally transmitted, but
they are also acquired through various life experiences. Sometimes we suppress our emotions to
accommodate others’ needs. Is forgiveness an art? Is it a philosophy of life? Forgiveness is a powerful
means to heal though it can be costly in terms of pride and immediate self interest.
Richness of Emotional Experience:
We are emotional beings. We feel happy when we are with our loved ones; sad if we lose someone near;
guilty if we hurt someone unknowingly; and angry if things do not happen as we had planned. Hence there
is never a moment when we do not emote. What are we without our emotions? We would be mere
machines working like a robot. Emotions color our life experiences.

16. Even within a culture, different people may not necessarily understand or experience emotion in exactly the
same way. India is a country which has a rich cultural heritage. There are people from diverse cultural
backgrounds. Despite differences in language,customs, and traditions there is unity. People work together,
share their experiences,celebrate their festivals, form relationships, there is mutual respect for one another,
and freedom to expression. There is cultural bonding despite diversity.
Sometimes the same event may be experienced differently by people of the same culture. For example
death among Indians may be perceived as a liberation from material bondage and reunification with God
(according to those who strongly believe in the Hindu Sanatan Dharma), while those who believe in the
Aryasamaj sect (reformation of the Hinduism of that period, as proposed by Swami Dayanand Saraswati
)may believe in the cycle of Karma, and take it in a factual way ,as something inevitable. According to
Rabindranath Tagore, the great Indian poet and Nobel laureate, death is not an extinguishing of the lamp
but brightness of the day born. As taught by the famous Indian religious book “The Bhagvad Gita” , the
soul never dies, it only changes its clothing by adopting another body. Hence our consciousness, intellect,
wisdom, deeds are always passed on from one generation to the next. The enlightened ones never feel upset
by any failures nor happy at success. The key to human functioning is work “Karma”. To do what is to be
done. The emphasis is on hard work without a focus on the reward. Just to keep moving towards the path in
search of a destination.

17. IMPORTANCE AND PURPOSE OF EMOTIONS
Emotions play a crucial role and controls our way of thinking and behaving and also influences individual’s
decision making power such as there are several purpose of emotions which are important for our
sustenance.
1. Emotions help in motivating to adopt or take any action
2. Emotions facilitate survive, thrive and avoid danger
3. Emotions help in taking decisions
4. Emotions help in understanding others.
The term emotion does not have an equivalent terminology in the field of Sanskrit but it plays an important
role in the field of Indian philosophy .The reasons behind emotions being philosophically interesting which
is nothing but the relationship with mental phenomenon translated as cognition and for establishing a better
account of reasoning and rationality relationship between emotion and cognition should be strengthened.

18. Self and identity

21. Indigenization of Psychology in India

22. INTRODUCTION
The indigenization of psychology in India is a multifaceted and transformative process that seeks
to adapt the field of psychology to the unique cultural, social, and historical contexts of the Indian
subcontinent. This endeavor aims to bridge the gap between Western-centric psychological
theories and practices and the rich and diverse cultural heritage of India. This essay explores the
evolution of indigenization in Indian psychology, its significance, challenges, and the potential
impact it holds for the field.
Historical Context
The history of psychology in India can be traced back to ancient Indian texts, such as the Vedas
and Upanishads, which contain profound insights into human behavior and consciousness.
However, it was during the British colonial period that the modern, Western model of psychology
was introduced. This imported model, often referred to as “Euro-American psychology,”
dominated the landscape of Indian psychology for decades.

23. Significance of Indigenization
1.Cultural Relevance: Indigenization in psychology is vital for making psychological theories
and practices more relevant to the Indian population. It allows for the development of
culturally sensitive approaches that resonate with the diverse beliefs, traditions, and values
of the Indian people.
2. Enhancing Local Identity: The indigenization of psychology helps foster a sense of
ownership and identity within the Indian community. It empowers psychologists to draw
from their own cultural resources, enhancing their professional identity.
3. Addressing Unique Issues: India faces distinct psychological challenges, such as caste-
based discrimination, poverty, and communal tensions. Indigenized psychology can offer
insights into these issues and provide effective solutions that consider the cultural and
social fabric of the nation.
4. Decolonization: Indigenization serves as a means of decolonization, liberating Indian
psychology from the dominance of Western paradigms. This shift is significant for post-
colonial nations seeking to reestablish their cultural sovereignty.

24. Approaches to Indigenization
Several approaches have been taken to indigenize psychology in India:
1. Cultural Tailoring: Adapting psychological assessment tools and therapeutic interventions to be
culturally sensitive.
2. Integration of Local Wisdom: Drawing from traditional Indian knowledge systems, such as
Ayurveda, Yoga, and Vedanta, to inform psychological theories and practices.
3. Research in Local Contexts: Conducting research that addresses local issues and problems, thus
contributing to the development of indigenous psychological knowledge.
Benefits of Indigenization
1. Cultural Relevance: Indigenization allows for a more culturally relevant understanding of
psychological processes, enabling better mental health interventions.
2. Empowerment: It empowers local communities by recognizing their unique psychological strengths
and challenges.
3. Global Contribution: Indian psychology has the potential to offer insights to the global field of
psychology, enriching it with diverse perspectives.
4. Holistic Approach: Incorporating indigenous wisdom promotes a more holistic approach to well-
being, considering physical, mental, and spiritual aspects.

25. Challenges in Indigenization
1.Resistance to Change: The adoption of indigenized approaches faces resistance from traditional
educational institutions and practitioners who are deeply rooted in Western psychology.
2. Lack of Resources: Developing and promoting indigenized psychology requires substantial resources,
which are often limited in Indian academic and research settings.
3. Theoretical Integration: Integrating traditional Indian knowledge with contemporary psychological
theories is a complex and ongoing process.
4. Validation and Recognition: Indigenized psychological research often faces skepticism in international
academic circles, necessitating a focus on validation and recognition within the global psychological
community.

26. Conclusion
The indigenization of psychology in India is also known as Indian Psychology, is an
essential journey towards developing a more culturally relevant and inclusive understanding
of the human mind and behavior. By integrating indigenous wisdom with contemporary
psychological research, India is not only reclaiming its cultural identity but also contributing
to the global discourse on psychology. Despite the challenges, the ongoing efforts in
indigenization promise to enrich the field, addressing the unique psychological needs of
India’s diverse population and serving as an inspiration for other countries seeking to
promote culturally relevant psychology. It's important to note that India is a diverse country
with various regional and cultural differences, so perspectives on emotions, self, identity can
vary.

27. Nevertheless, the broader Indian perspective often emphasizes the importance of emotional
balance, mindfulness, and the integration of emotions into one’s spiritual and social life. Indian
psychology often views the self as an integral part of a larger whole, such as family, community,
or the universe. The concept of “Atman” in Hindu philosophy, for example, refers to the eternal,
unchanging self that transcends the physical body. The self and identity in Indian psychology are
heavily influenced by cultural and societal norms. Concepts like “dharma” (duty) and “karma”
(actions and their consequences) play a significant role in shaping one’s identity. One’s identity
is intertwined with their relationships and social roles within the community.