This document discusses integrating cultural heritage and the Internet of Things (IoT) in smart cities. It begins by defining what constitutes a city and smart city according to the EU. It then discusses how cultural heritage sites like Ostia Harbor and the Arsenal in Venice can be better integrated into smart city initiatives using data and technologies. This includes capturing more comprehensive historical data on cultural sites through projects like the Venice Time Machine. The document advocates developing applications that allow virtual exploration of cultural heritage sites across space and time. Overall it argues that leveraging cultural heritage through IoT and big data approaches can boost local economies, experiment with new technologies, and help rediscover place identities.
Lessons Learned in Automated Decision Making / How to Delay Building SkynetSounil Yu
There is much talk of topics like artificial intelligence, machine learning, and automation within the security industry. We are led to believe that these capabilities will revolutionize our security practices. However, we need to be conscious of the limits of these capabilities before we entrust them with matters of importance. To understand the limits, we need to understand what each of these capabilities really mean and how they fit together. Unfortunately, most people combine these capabilities and use the terms almost interchangeably. Doing so is dangerous and can create unintended consequences.
Payments: From a commodity to a fundamental driver of eCommerce successCheckout.com
The founder of Checkout.com, Guillaume Pousaz, spoke at eCommerce Expo 2015 on how data from online payments can help drive growth for online businesses. Checkout.com - Online Payments.
Future of digital identity programme summary - 19 mar 2019 lrFuture Agenda
How we prove that we are who or what we say we are during digital transactions and interactions is set to become one of the defining features of the next stage of the human digital transformation. Today, we are living with early attempts to solve the problem that are no longer fit for purpose. At best, the multitude of different ways we login, confirm our identities, and establish trust in claims made during digital exchanges, has become profoundly inconvenient. At worst, they have left us in a connected world which is neither safe nor secure, and in which we seem to have completely lost control of our most personal information. The next generation solutions to the digital identity challenge could change all of this.
At the end of 2018, Future Agenda undertook a major project exploring the Future of Digital Identity. With the generous support of Mastercard, the Future Agenda team ran a series of expert workshops in different locations around the world that explored the key factors that are likely to shape the future of digital identity. The programme began with an initial perspective as a provocation. Participants in the workshops then gave us new, more fully formed, insights which were in turn explored further during one-to-one interviews with major stakeholders and thinkers in the space.
We are proud to launch this report of the findings of that work
We would like to extend our sincerest thanks to all of those who contributed to the programme.
As always, we consider our reports to be the start point for further conversations, and would welcome further input. If you would like to join the conversation, you can join our LinkedIn Group here. If you have any further questions or would like to have a conversation about how your organisation can best make use of our respond to the implications of the Future of Digital Identity please contact
Dr Robin Pharoah https://www.linkedin.com/in/robinpharoah,
James Alexander https://uk.linkedin.com/pub/james-alexander/0/747/617 or
Patrick Harris https://www.linkedin.com/in/patrick-harris-777767/
This is the initial perspective:
https://www.slideshare.net/futureagenda2/the-future-of-digital-identity-initial-perspective
This was the initial summary:
https://www.slideshare.net/futureagenda2/future-of-digital-identity-programme-summary-15-dec-2018-lr
Lessons Learned in Automated Decision Making / How to Delay Building SkynetSounil Yu
There is much talk of topics like artificial intelligence, machine learning, and automation within the security industry. We are led to believe that these capabilities will revolutionize our security practices. However, we need to be conscious of the limits of these capabilities before we entrust them with matters of importance. To understand the limits, we need to understand what each of these capabilities really mean and how they fit together. Unfortunately, most people combine these capabilities and use the terms almost interchangeably. Doing so is dangerous and can create unintended consequences.
Payments: From a commodity to a fundamental driver of eCommerce successCheckout.com
The founder of Checkout.com, Guillaume Pousaz, spoke at eCommerce Expo 2015 on how data from online payments can help drive growth for online businesses. Checkout.com - Online Payments.
Future of digital identity programme summary - 19 mar 2019 lrFuture Agenda
How we prove that we are who or what we say we are during digital transactions and interactions is set to become one of the defining features of the next stage of the human digital transformation. Today, we are living with early attempts to solve the problem that are no longer fit for purpose. At best, the multitude of different ways we login, confirm our identities, and establish trust in claims made during digital exchanges, has become profoundly inconvenient. At worst, they have left us in a connected world which is neither safe nor secure, and in which we seem to have completely lost control of our most personal information. The next generation solutions to the digital identity challenge could change all of this.
At the end of 2018, Future Agenda undertook a major project exploring the Future of Digital Identity. With the generous support of Mastercard, the Future Agenda team ran a series of expert workshops in different locations around the world that explored the key factors that are likely to shape the future of digital identity. The programme began with an initial perspective as a provocation. Participants in the workshops then gave us new, more fully formed, insights which were in turn explored further during one-to-one interviews with major stakeholders and thinkers in the space.
We are proud to launch this report of the findings of that work
We would like to extend our sincerest thanks to all of those who contributed to the programme.
As always, we consider our reports to be the start point for further conversations, and would welcome further input. If you would like to join the conversation, you can join our LinkedIn Group here. If you have any further questions or would like to have a conversation about how your organisation can best make use of our respond to the implications of the Future of Digital Identity please contact
Dr Robin Pharoah https://www.linkedin.com/in/robinpharoah,
James Alexander https://uk.linkedin.com/pub/james-alexander/0/747/617 or
Patrick Harris https://www.linkedin.com/in/patrick-harris-777767/
This is the initial perspective:
https://www.slideshare.net/futureagenda2/the-future-of-digital-identity-initial-perspective
This was the initial summary:
https://www.slideshare.net/futureagenda2/future-of-digital-identity-programme-summary-15-dec-2018-lr
Internet banking has made banking services accessible anywhere anytime 24/7/365 as a channel by banks to deliver their products and services to esteem customers’ countrywide.
Majority of bank customers in South Sudan did not embrace the latest convenient and accessible internet banking technology service. Traditional branch-based banking remains a widespread method for a banking transaction. However, bank customers are gradually shifting from the traditional branch-based banking system to modern internet banking services.
Slides from a presentation for the South Australian Department of Education & Childrens’ Development – Luchtime Bytes Series.
WEB meets WORLD
Broadly defined as building connections between the virtual world and physical objects.
The Internet of Things (ioT) is comprised of many different technologies ranging from wireless communication, sensor networks, and various forms of computing to radio frequency identification (RFID)
This eBook outlines the various types of data and explores the future of data analytics with a particular leaning towards unstructured data, both human and machine-generated.
Crime sensing with big data - Singapore perspectiveBenjamin Ang
This presentation examines the Potentials and Limitations of Using Big Data for Crime Estimation. Singapore laws discussed include Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA), Penal Code, Criminal Procedure Code (CPC). Topics covered include Crime Analysis, Crime Prediction, Algorithm Bias, and other risks. The video of this presentation can be found at https://youtu.be/kctB3lRLh2U
Artificial Intelligence and Law - A Primer Daniel Katz
Artificial Intelligence in Law (and beyond) including Machine Learning as a Service, Quantitative Legal Prediction / Legal Analytics, Experts + Crowds + Algorithms
John Chiappetta prezo on 5G EdgeComputing and IoT and how interdependent they are.
Held Nov 19, 2019 at Milton Education Village Innovation Centre, Milton, Ontario, Canada.
Learn more here: https://siliconhalton.com/event/meetup-119-what-is-5g-and-edge-computing/
Internet of Things(IoT) Applications | IoT Tutorial for Beginners | IoT Train...Edureka!
*** IoT Certification Training: https://www.edureka.co/iot-certificat... ***
This Edureka tutorial on "IoT Applications" takes you through the 6 domains which IoT has reinvented, namely,
1. IoT in Everyday LIfe
2. IoT in Healthcare
3. IoT in Smart Cities
4. IoT in Agriculture
5. IoT in Industrial Automation
6. IoT in Disaster Management
Know real-time examples of IoT applications in the most interesting use cases of today's world. Understand how they work and how can IoT be used to its complete potential.
Follow us to never miss an update in the future.
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/edureka_learning/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/edurekaIN/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/edurekain
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/edureka
Smart Cities and Measurable Cities - a technological perspectiveSpeck&Tech
Speaker: ROBERTO MINERVA
Internet of Things is promising to be a set of technologies able to have a high impact on how people live, produce, modify and interact with the environment.
Such a transformation is driven by increasing technologies capabilities of sensors/actuators, communications, general purpose hardware, availability of software and programmability of devices.
The integration of so different technologies is a problem in itself and IoT is also trying to solve cogent issues of specific problem domains, such as e-health, transportation, manufacturing, and so on.
Smart cities stand on their own because the smartness requires integration of different technologies, processes and different administrative domains creating the needs to see the city as a large complex system. In addition to technological and problem domain specific challenges, there exist further challenges that fall in business, social and regulation realms. They can greatly impact the deployment and the success of IoT deployment within smart cities.
The speech aims is to provide a view on some major technologies challenges of IoT and to cover a few critical business and social issues that could hamper the large deployment of IoT systems within smart cities by providing some examples related to the creation of a future city that leverages its cultural heritage and specific needs as Venice.
Internet banking has made banking services accessible anywhere anytime 24/7/365 as a channel by banks to deliver their products and services to esteem customers’ countrywide.
Majority of bank customers in South Sudan did not embrace the latest convenient and accessible internet banking technology service. Traditional branch-based banking remains a widespread method for a banking transaction. However, bank customers are gradually shifting from the traditional branch-based banking system to modern internet banking services.
Slides from a presentation for the South Australian Department of Education & Childrens’ Development – Luchtime Bytes Series.
WEB meets WORLD
Broadly defined as building connections between the virtual world and physical objects.
The Internet of Things (ioT) is comprised of many different technologies ranging from wireless communication, sensor networks, and various forms of computing to radio frequency identification (RFID)
This eBook outlines the various types of data and explores the future of data analytics with a particular leaning towards unstructured data, both human and machine-generated.
Crime sensing with big data - Singapore perspectiveBenjamin Ang
This presentation examines the Potentials and Limitations of Using Big Data for Crime Estimation. Singapore laws discussed include Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA), Penal Code, Criminal Procedure Code (CPC). Topics covered include Crime Analysis, Crime Prediction, Algorithm Bias, and other risks. The video of this presentation can be found at https://youtu.be/kctB3lRLh2U
Artificial Intelligence and Law - A Primer Daniel Katz
Artificial Intelligence in Law (and beyond) including Machine Learning as a Service, Quantitative Legal Prediction / Legal Analytics, Experts + Crowds + Algorithms
John Chiappetta prezo on 5G EdgeComputing and IoT and how interdependent they are.
Held Nov 19, 2019 at Milton Education Village Innovation Centre, Milton, Ontario, Canada.
Learn more here: https://siliconhalton.com/event/meetup-119-what-is-5g-and-edge-computing/
Internet of Things(IoT) Applications | IoT Tutorial for Beginners | IoT Train...Edureka!
*** IoT Certification Training: https://www.edureka.co/iot-certificat... ***
This Edureka tutorial on "IoT Applications" takes you through the 6 domains which IoT has reinvented, namely,
1. IoT in Everyday LIfe
2. IoT in Healthcare
3. IoT in Smart Cities
4. IoT in Agriculture
5. IoT in Industrial Automation
6. IoT in Disaster Management
Know real-time examples of IoT applications in the most interesting use cases of today's world. Understand how they work and how can IoT be used to its complete potential.
Follow us to never miss an update in the future.
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/edureka_learning/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/edurekaIN/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/edurekain
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/edureka
Smart Cities and Measurable Cities - a technological perspectiveSpeck&Tech
Speaker: ROBERTO MINERVA
Internet of Things is promising to be a set of technologies able to have a high impact on how people live, produce, modify and interact with the environment.
Such a transformation is driven by increasing technologies capabilities of sensors/actuators, communications, general purpose hardware, availability of software and programmability of devices.
The integration of so different technologies is a problem in itself and IoT is also trying to solve cogent issues of specific problem domains, such as e-health, transportation, manufacturing, and so on.
Smart cities stand on their own because the smartness requires integration of different technologies, processes and different administrative domains creating the needs to see the city as a large complex system. In addition to technological and problem domain specific challenges, there exist further challenges that fall in business, social and regulation realms. They can greatly impact the deployment and the success of IoT deployment within smart cities.
The speech aims is to provide a view on some major technologies challenges of IoT and to cover a few critical business and social issues that could hamper the large deployment of IoT systems within smart cities by providing some examples related to the creation of a future city that leverages its cultural heritage and specific needs as Venice.
Paper containing my final project for Technicity course. It consists of an analisys about what are the general conditions to take into account when setting up a framework for an Intelligent City project. These general conditions form the meta-framework.
To develop the present work, I hav econsidered a concrete example: that of i-Coruña, the Intelligent City Project for A Coruña (North-Western Spain)
Scanned by CamScannerThe shantytowns in Lagos are heavil.docxkenjordan97598
Scanned by CamScanner
The shantytowns in Lagos are heavily concentrated and highly polluted. Photo by Tamira.
In this unit we finished our studies of urbanism which is a good point to recap and analyzed the transformation of our cities. We can identify three major events of transformation. First, is the industrialization in the late 1800’s. The introduction of new building materials such as iron help build higher structures changing the typology of the cities. The second event occurred after WWII and it's known as suburbanization of the city. The third and actual event is the decentralization of the urban fabric forming megacities.
In this unit we also learn that the actual conditions of our postindustrial society is threatened with globalization and hyper-network environments. Scholars claim that the “post industrial economy” is what defines the urban growth. In order to achieve this task, economies rely upon the distribution of systems that feed a global network of data and exchange. In the 1980’s the urban thinker Manual Castells did an analysis of the complex interaction between technology society and space. In his studies, he explains the importance of space and defines it as an expression of our society. Space becomes super complex to understand in this information era which questions the need for a physical space of congregation.
Many scholars have been studying post modern societies and have created concepts such as “Global city” by Saskia Sassen and “Technopoles” by Allan J. Scott. In order to understand this megacities of our era, Robert Fishman, introduced concepts such as; technoburb to describe the reorganization of urban space. This same idea is defined by Garneau the “Edge city” in which Orange County is one of his study grounds.
Now at days, there are many events happening that are affecting the urban organization. These transformations have taken two faces that are expressed in the megacities. The first one is the decentralization and globalization of cities such as; New York, Los Angeles, Tokyo and London. These cities are threatened with placelessness of post modern architecture and the idea of a non-place culture whose identity is not link to any specific society. The other face of the megacities are when the global economy puts you in a bad spot and you become the producer for the consumerist megacities. In George Parker’s article, “Decoding The Chaos Of Lagos,” we have a clear example how this mega city is suffering all the negative aspects of our era where people work only to earn about 2 or 3 dollars per day with poor quality living environment.
Questions:
1. How do you think that globalization and network societies have shaped the urban sprawl of Los Angeles?
2. Taking the place of an urban developer, how would you suggest to fix the differences between the two types of megacities like Lagos Nigeria to Orange County?
Global Capitals and Network Societies
We are just about at the end of our se.
Stephen graham remediating cities: ubiquitous computing and the urban public ...Stephen Graham
An overview of how the latest digital technologies are 'remediating' urban life by layering their services within and through the streets, spaces and circulations of cities
This presenation is part of my application to IE University for September 2017.
I have chosen Question 4: How do you envision the city of the future?
The format chosen is a SlideShare presentation combining text and photographs. All pictures have been taken by myself with a Canon EOS1200 camera.
La mia presentazione dal titolo "Citynet - The City as Macro-Media" presentata al symposium "Spaces, Images, Communication: Improving New Urban Models" da me organizzato per il festival Screen City (Stavanger - NO)
2.Cellular Networks_The final stage of connectivity is achieved by segmenting...JeyaPerumal1
A cellular network, frequently referred to as a mobile network, is a type of communication system that enables wireless communication between mobile devices. The final stage of connectivity is achieved by segmenting the comprehensive service area into several compact zones, each called a cell.
Understanding User Behavior with Google Analytics.pdfSEO Article Boost
Unlocking the full potential of Google Analytics is crucial for understanding and optimizing your website’s performance. This guide dives deep into the essential aspects of Google Analytics, from analyzing traffic sources to understanding user demographics and tracking user engagement.
Traffic Sources Analysis:
Discover where your website traffic originates. By examining the Acquisition section, you can identify whether visitors come from organic search, paid campaigns, direct visits, social media, or referral links. This knowledge helps in refining marketing strategies and optimizing resource allocation.
User Demographics Insights:
Gain a comprehensive view of your audience by exploring demographic data in the Audience section. Understand age, gender, and interests to tailor your marketing strategies effectively. Leverage this information to create personalized content and improve user engagement and conversion rates.
Tracking User Engagement:
Learn how to measure user interaction with your site through key metrics like bounce rate, average session duration, and pages per session. Enhance user experience by analyzing engagement metrics and implementing strategies to keep visitors engaged.
Conversion Rate Optimization:
Understand the importance of conversion rates and how to track them using Google Analytics. Set up Goals, analyze conversion funnels, segment your audience, and employ A/B testing to optimize your website for higher conversions. Utilize ecommerce tracking and multi-channel funnels for a detailed view of your sales performance and marketing channel contributions.
Custom Reports and Dashboards:
Create custom reports and dashboards to visualize and interpret data relevant to your business goals. Use advanced filters, segments, and visualization options to gain deeper insights. Incorporate custom dimensions and metrics for tailored data analysis. Integrate external data sources to enrich your analytics and make well-informed decisions.
This guide is designed to help you harness the power of Google Analytics for making data-driven decisions that enhance website performance and achieve your digital marketing objectives. Whether you are looking to improve SEO, refine your social media strategy, or boost conversion rates, understanding and utilizing Google Analytics is essential for your success.
1.Wireless Communication System_Wireless communication is a broad term that i...JeyaPerumal1
Wireless communication involves the transmission of information over a distance without the help of wires, cables or any other forms of electrical conductors.
Wireless communication is a broad term that incorporates all procedures and forms of connecting and communicating between two or more devices using a wireless signal through wireless communication technologies and devices.
Features of Wireless Communication
The evolution of wireless technology has brought many advancements with its effective features.
The transmitted distance can be anywhere between a few meters (for example, a television's remote control) and thousands of kilometers (for example, radio communication).
Wireless communication can be used for cellular telephony, wireless access to the internet, wireless home networking, and so on.
Meet up Milano 14 _ Axpo Italia_ Migration from Mule3 (On-prem) to.pdfFlorence Consulting
Quattordicesimo Meetup di Milano, tenutosi a Milano il 23 Maggio 2024 dalle ore 17:00 alle ore 18:30 in presenza e da remoto.
Abbiamo parlato di come Axpo Italia S.p.A. ha ridotto il technical debt migrando le proprie APIs da Mule 3.9 a Mule 4.4 passando anche da on-premises a CloudHub 1.0.
Italy Agriculture Equipment Market Outlook to 2027harveenkaur52
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Ken Research has an expertise in Agriculture and Animal Care sector and offer vast collection of information related to all major aspects such as Agriculture equipment, Crop Protection, Seed, Agriculture Chemical, Fertilizers, Protected Cultivators, Palm Oil, Hybrid Seed, Animal Feed additives and many more.
Our continuous study and findings in agriculture sector provide better insights to companies dealing with related product and services, government and agriculture associations, researchers and students to well understand the present and expected scenario.
Our Animal care category provides solutions on Animal Healthcare and related products and services, including, animal feed additives, vaccination
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1. Integrating the IoT and Cultural
Heritage in the Smart City
Roberto Minerva
February 16, 2017
IEEE IoT Initiative Chairman; TelecomSudParis
SM2C Sfax - Tunisia
2. What a City is
2
Cities are defined as a cluster of contiguous grid cells of 1 km² with a population density of at least 1 500 inhabitants per km².
a functional urban area: which consists of a city and its commuting zone; the latter is defined in relation to commuting
patterns, on the basis of those municipalities with at least 15 % of their employed residents working in a city (see Map 2);
a greater city: in some cases, the urban centre stretches far beyond the administrative boundaries and so to better capture the
entire centre, a ‘greater city’ has been defined (generally applicable only to capital cities and other relatively large cities);
a city: the most basic level, a local administrative unit (LAU), defined by its urban centre that has a minimum population of
50 thousand inhabitants, consisting of a cluster of contiguous grid cells of 1 km² with a population density of at least 1 500
inhabitants per km²;
subcity districts: a subdivision of the city according to population criteria (generally between a minimum of 5 thousand and a
maximum of 40 thousand inhabitants); they should be defined for all capital cities and for non-capital cities with more than
250 thousand inhabitants.
Source: Urban Europe — statistics on cities, towns and suburbs — introduction available at
http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-
explained/index.php/Urban_Europe_%E2%80%94_statistics_on_cities,_towns_and_suburbs_%E2%80%94_introdu
ction#Background_information_outlining_key_methodological_concepts_for_EU_statistics_on_territorial_typologies
3. What a Smart City is
For policy purposes, the EU defines a smart city as ‘a place where
traditional networks and services are made more efficient with the
use of digital and telecommunication technologies, for the benefit
of its inhabitants and businesses’.
Smart cities are innovative, making traditional networks and
services more efficient through the use of digital technologies,
creating more inclusive, sustainable and connected cities for the
benefit of inhabitants, public administrations and businesses.
Smart cities have the potential to improve the quality of life, while
ensuring the needs of present and future generations with respect
to economic, social and environmental challenges.
The concept of smart cities covers a broad range of areas such as:
the economy, the environment, mobility, or governance.
3
Source: Urban Europe — statistics on cities, towns and suburbs — smart
cities available at http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-
explained/index.php/Urban_Europe_%E2%80%94_statistics_on_cities,_towns
_and_suburbs_%E2%80%94_smart_cities
4. What a Smart City is (2)
4 http://www.slideshare.net/srujanirulzzworld/smart-cities-54021321
5. How to understand a City: First
Law of Geography
5
This is also expressed as an
inverse Power Law:
1/d2
http://geohealthinnovations.org/wp-
content/uploads/2013/01/toblerquote.png
6. Gravity Model …
6
Take Newton’s second law of motion – force is
proportional to mass times acceleration as F12
~ M 1 M 2 / (d 2)12 – and apply to Cities.
What is the Mass of the City? its population!
What we get? The GRAVITATION MODEL
Tij = k Pi Pj / (cij)2
Where k is a gravitational costant
Cij is a measure of costs for traveling from i to j
Excepts from http://www.spatialcomplexity.info/files/2011/10/Spatial-Complexity-Lecture-6.pdf
7. Turin – Milan < 50 min
Milan – Rome < 3
hours
1/d2 is substituted by
1/t2
Cities have now
comparable «Mass»
And are well spread in
the territory and are
within acceptable
parameter of
connectedness
But what is happening now
between Cities ?
7 10/3/2015
Who is actracting whom?
8. From the Gravity to the Radiation
Model
8
Simini, F., González, M. C., Maritan, A., & Barabási, A. L. (2012). A universal model for
mobility and migration patterns. Nature, 484(7392), 96-100.Available at
https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1111/1111.0586.pdf
9. Networks of Smart Cities (and
Teritories)
9
Each City has to be a hub for
connectedness and services
available over a large covered
and interconnected territory
http://chorally.com/learn-impact-smartcity-using-social-networks-analysis/
10. Actually a (Smart) City is a Complex
System [interacting with other Complex
Systems]
Michael Batty in “Cities as Complex Systems: Scaling,
Interactions, Networks, Dynamics and Urban
Morphologies” available at
http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/15183/1/15183.pdf
Luis Bettencourt: Cities as Complex Systems available
at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JTZ6onbPjWk
– Heterogeneity: diversity of people and Organizations
– Interconnectivity: Everything is connected in Networks
– Scaling: Cities of different sizes have different problems
– Circular - Causality: Cause and Effect are mixed
– Development: Cities change in open-ended ways
10/3/201510
11. Cities and the Quest For
Data
11
https://datavisualization.ch/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/cph_wheel_04.png
12. How do we understand and reason
about Cities ?
12
https://www.jstor.org/stable/2573850?seq=1#
page_scan_tab_contents
13. Flow related measures
– People,
cars/vehicles/trains/airplanes,
goods, …
– Money, phone calls, …
Status of city resources
– Air, water, heating, …
– Pollution
– Building and general
infrastructures (lightning, gas,
traffic lights, …)
Ecosystem measure
– How the city relates to other
cities and the territory around
Economical measures
Events and activities
– Concerts, trade shows,
political meetings, …
People Personal Data and
Profile
– A very «difficult» issue
History and Cultural Heritage
– Of the City and the
surroundings
What kind of data do we need for
understanding a city?
13
15. Why Cultural Heritage
is important in Italy
– a few indicators
Italy is visited each year by
90 millions of tourists (50%
from abroad) and this is a
revenue source for over
100 B euro
The tourism industry in
Italy gives a job to up 2M
of people
Venice and its lagoon is a
World Heritage Site:
– About 1,5 M of arrivals in the
City in the 1H2013
– Typically a short stay
15
Italy is first place in the World for the
presence of sites defined as World
Heritage by UNESCO, but it is at fifth
place as a touristic destination
16. Nice Places, but what are these (ruins)?
(and why should I care … apart from writing on the walls … «Roberto
was here»)
16
http://it.123rf.com/archivio-
fotografico/ostia_antica.html?mediapopup=61625210
http://www.panoramio.com/photo/72521167
We will come back to
these later on …
17. Let’s go to Venice. What do you
typically visit in Venice ?
17
Basilica di San
Marco Piazza San
Marco
Campanil
e di San
Marco
Canal Grande
Palazzo
Ducale
Ponte di Rialto
Ponte dei
Sospiri
You get a bit of this …
18. A lot of this: A standard tourist
experience
18
Many people follow recommendations
or the “usual” path
19. … A lot more of this …
19
A «where to pee» app in Venice
is actually needed (even with a
function for booking the toilet)!
21. The Identity of a ‘Place’
21
All places look alike !! They are «noplaces»
actually
All places have a standard pattern for visiting
We need to support a rediscovery of place
identities and we need to relate the identity of
that place with identities of its people
A queue of
Gondoliers
singing
Neapolitans
songs in
Venice
Venice or Las Vegas ?
And Las Vegas is cleaner …
22. Here we are again ….
22
http://it.123rf.com/archivio-
fotografico/ostia_antica.html?media
popup=61625210
http://www.panoramio.com/photo/72521167
Ostia – the ancient
Rome Harbour
Venice – the external
walls of the Arsenal
23. Rome was by far the largest city
of the Empire (and in the world)
All the economy was built around
it the first SMART City?
It was a kind of magnet,
attracting business from every
part of the empire and beyond
The city developed huge logistics,
transportation, and water
systems to support itself
The Ostia Harbor was a central
knot of this system
The City and Its Ecosystem –
Ancient Rome
23
Do you want to see more ?
http://www.slideshare.net/mfresnillo/roman-architecture-398210
Big City > 1 M inhabitants
Good construction technologies
A Huge Transport System
24. Ostia Harbour … and more
24
L'autrice dell'opera di ricostruzione del porto antico è
Viviana Meucci (Viviana Meucci: www.focemicina.it)
For long stops in Fiumicino, Alitalia was offering a free
visit to the old harbour. Did you take your chance ?
• Ships arriving in Ostia
were unloaded and goods
sent to Rome either by
road (via Ostiense) or by
the river
• Monte Testaccio (also
known as Monte dei cocci)
is an artificial mound in
Rome composed almost
entirely of testae (Italian:
cocci), fragments of
broken amphorae dating
from the time of the
Roman Empire. It was
close to the fluvial harbour
and the oil warehouses
25. The Arsenal (Did you visit it?)
25
Arsenale
Painting of Canaletto
• The term Arsenal derives from the Arab word
daras-sina'ah, i.e., home of industry
• The Arsenal was occupying up to 16000
workers (a large % of the entire population)
• It was the precursor of the factory concept,
actually in the XVI century it was the biggest
factory in the world
• They changed the way Ships were built using
extensively the «frame first» technology
reducing the time to build
• Galileo was a «consultant»
• Here they invented the Bombard
• It was instrumental for the success of Venice
as a commercial and military Mediterranean
power
• It had a very strategic role (in fact Napoleon
greatly reduced it and forced the shut down
of the production of Galee (Galeoons) )
• A mix of technology and Art: Sansovino Dry
Docks
Squero delle
Gagiandre
27. Cultural Heritage and the Quest for
Data
We need to capture data that span over time and tell a
compelling story …
– Understanding the past and
– Framing (history and data) in the current world
See Venice Time Machine from EPFL
– Collection of all historical data and then creation of linkage between this
huge archive of histories
– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QTBkuyFbIz0
Useful for historians but also useful to citizens and visitors
Extracting data not only from documents but also from other
«information»
– A similar approach applicable to buildings, artifacts, oral tradition, music
This means …
27
28. A different approach to data
From Wikipedia: Spime is a neologism for a futuristic object, characteristic
to the Internet of Things, that can be tracked through space and time
throughout its lifetime. They are essentially virtual master objects that can,
at various times, have physical incarnations of themselves. An object can
be considered a spime when all of its essential information is stored in the
cloud. Bruce Sterling sees spimes as coming through the convergence of
six emerging technologies, related to both the manufacturing process for
consumer goods, and through identification and location technologies.
Depending on context, the term "spime" can refer to both—the archetype,
as designed by the developer, or a user-specific instance of it.
Data representing an historical object is then a set of triplets
(value + location + time)
Plenty of (virtual reality) applications become immediatly possible
28
29. A few Experiences (1)
Fulvio Dominici started
www.ultramundum.org with the
goal of providing new solutions
for the immersive presence
It is based on an intuition: adding
the TIME dimension to the 3D
Virtual World
– Possibility to surf and experience
environments as they are now or
back in time
– Creation of personalized Worlds
Users will spend more time in
virtual worlds than in real worlds
Practical Applications:
– Cartography for Turin Olympic
games
http://timemachinevisor.com/
30. A few Experiences (2)
30
Time Window Weimar: Students Map their
Town's History through Augmented Reality
http://hyperrhiz.io/hyperrhiz12/augmented-maps/2-forster-metzger.html
31. A few Experiences (3)
31
http://www.smartheritageproject.com/?lang=en#app
32. Build your own APP with NEARBY
function of Wikipedia
Many objects in
Wikipedia have
spatial coordinates
There is a «Nearby
search function»
https://en.m.wikiped
ia.org/wiki/Special:N
earby
And an API
definition:
http://blog.wikimedi
a.org/2013/01/31/ge
odata-a-new-age-of-
geotagging-on-
wikipedia/
32
34. Why should we work with cultural
heritage?
An important area for the development of ICT
solutions
An important contribution to the development of
Italy and other countries
Opportunity to experiment new approaches
integrating Big Data, IoT and History
– What if each object in the world could tell its story…
Possibility to create a vast ecosystem and nurture
a business around it
34
35. How to contribute to leveraging cultural
heritage
Two major lines of work
Digital Humanities, i.e., studies and initiatives to collect,
preserve, and make available the rich cultural heritage of
Italy (and Venice in particular)
– Big Data for cultural heritage
Smart Cities, i.e., the availability of data describing the city
– First a measurable city (by deployng sensors and getting
measures – data – about the city)
– Then use the data in order to control the city and make it smart
– Finally, a virtual continuum
36. A check list for a Measurable City
What do you want to measure
How to measure your features
What sensing technologies
How to deploy enough sensors to have a valid coverage
and measurement of your features
What communications means
How many data you have to handle
What management process
36
37. Measurable City: example counting
people without infringing Privacy
37
The Future Centre in Venice is working at the monitoring in quasi real-time on the pedestrian flows in the city center. The goal is to
measure the pedestrian traffic and keeping the anonymity and privacy of users. The project has been using low-cost sensors and
devices (50-100 euros) with a small size (two cigarette packs) in order to acquire video flows of passing by people and to process it
locally without any leak or privacy violation. These devices will provide their Id, the time and the number of people that have been
detected Ideally these objects could be scattered in many places of the city and freely transit their data (e.g., through twitter). In such
a way, interested developers could crate new applications based on these data..
person-counter: simulation based on real data
Is it a
person or a
shadow ?
38. The impact of technologies on
the City: The Freedom Bridge example
38
Every day in Venice almost 200 K people are in the city
, even if only less than 60Kof Venice live in here
It is more than 140K transits: it is not only tourists, it is
commuters: students and workers.
A lot of people have left the city for the mainland. And
the city has lost not only citizens, but also a part of its
identity.
How this happened ? Because of a Bridge!!!
The Liberty Bridge has introduced a «Semiotic
breakdown»: instead of bringing in modernization, it
has brought to the «simbolization» of Venice (i.e., it is
a postcard)
http://www.linkiesta.it/blogs/cultura-rete-il-blog-di-venezia-2019-salone-europeo-
della-cultura/l-alba-di-una-nuova-venezia-
A different proposal: to close it to cars and trains and
to make it a cycle track forcing people to live in Venice
Ponte della Libertà, i.e., the Freedom
Bridge
Wikipedia: Ponte della Libertàis a road bridge connecting the historical center of the city of Venice to the
mainland.
Designed in 1932 by engineer Eugenio Miozzi, and opened by Benito Mussolini in 1933 as Ponte Littorio, the
bridge is the only access for road vehicles to the historical center. It is built alongside the Venice Railroad Bridge,
which was constructed in 1846 by Austrian, with two tracks each way, and is still in use.
39. How do we get the data then?
Open Data is ok … but
A ‘measurable city’ is made out of thousands of pieces of
information coming from databases, or generated in real-
time typically by sensors that provide millions of data per
second
Data may be:
– Events
– Continuous flows of simple data
– Update to existing databases
– Inferred data
39
Sensors
Internet of Things + Big Data
40. What Internet of Things is
(a simple view)
Aggregator/Gateway
Internet
Service Service Service
Events
Aggregator/Gateway
Events
Interworking
InterworkingComm.
Comm.
Usage
Vertical
Interoperability
Sensors Sensors
Commands
Commands
& Actuators & Actuators
41. What Internet of Things actually is
(an this is a simplistic view as well ☺)
Service Service ServiceUsage
Different Administrative Domains
Networking
Virtualization
Data harmonization
Data Distribution
Networking
Virtualization
Data
harmonization
Data
Distribution
Interworking
Networking
Virtualization
Data
harmonization
Data
Distribution
Networking
Virtualization
Data
harmonization
Data
Distribution
Interworking
Horizontal
Interoperability
42. IoT implies a lot of Challenges
• Definition of Things and
«Identity of Things»
Challenge
• Complexity Challenge
• Communication
Paradigms Challenge
• Data Challenge
• The Software Platform
Challenge
• Silos vs. Horizontal
Application Domains
• The revenue challenge
• Per device
• Connectivity
• Data
• The Value Chain
Challenge
• New Biz Model
Challenge
• Privacy Challenge
• Ownership Challenge
• Security Challenge
• Easiness of Use
Challenge
• Social Cooperation
Challenge
Regulation
The Challenge of the
IoT Platform!
43. Source: Beecham Research
The Challenge of the IoT Platform!
The Vertical vs. Horizontal
platform challenge
SMART CITY
45. Why crowdsourcing ? Deploy IoT
on a large scale is difficult!!!
Deploying and maintaining sensor networks is costly!!
Finding a sustainable business model is difficult
– Specific applications can be viable but …
– They are vertical and closed applications
– Sharing of data is not an option for owners
Reuse of Existing Infrastructure
– Many operators have infrastructure that
could be instrumented with sensors and other
equipments in order to measure the city
– We considered launching a challenge
to universities for reusing existing capillary
infrastructure
Crowdsensing is exploiting the user’s
terminal power and it is easier to manage.
It gives results if there are many engaged
terminals …45
49. Five dimensions of Cultural
Heritage
First Dimension: Identification and preparation of the Cultural Heritage
Content
– These activities are cross-disciplinary: they aim at identify the Cultural Content. The existing
sources for data identified (e.g., Museums, Historical Archives , …) in addition hypothesis for
relating the different sources should be put forward. In addition the means to be used to create
new data or collect new information should be stated and elaborated (e.g., how to collect the oral
tradition)
Second Dimension: digitalization of the Cultural Heritage Content
– The identified sources should be progressively digitalized (it can take a long time) without
impacting too much on the original material (e.g., old books) and a «big data» like infrastructure
put in place. At this stage also discovery of new relationships and «automatic reasoning» on
available data should be elaborated and performed
Third Dimension: easing the access to the (digitalized) Cultural Content
– At this stage, mechanisms for easing the access to available (original or inferred) information
should be studied and made available to user. Extensive research on user interaction,
recommendation engines and new forms of data representation should be conducted.
Fourth Dimension: the Ecosystem View on the Cultural Heritage
– Integration of Measurable City data with Cultural Heritage ones. This wealth of data should be
made available to enterprises, users and organization in order to promote the city or the territory
and to create a strong link between the cultural heritage and the enterprises operating in the
tourism or cultural industries
Fifth Dimension: the creation of new Cultural Content
– New Digital technologies can be made available to artists, designers and also users in order to
create new (digital) content. Examples could be the Art Lab (as an implementation of the FabLabs
for art), new forms of TV, etc..
49
50. An Architecture for Digital
Humanities
(a part of)
50
(Real Time)
Indexing
Personal
Profiles
GIS 3D
Services
Ontology Services
Data
Layer
ServiceLogic
Layer
Interface
Layer
Semantic Services
Raw Data
MetaFormatting
Knowledge Engine
User Centric
Services
Raw DataRaw DataRaw DataRaw Data
Simple Data APIs
Aggregated Data APIs
User Generated
Application
LogicContext
Engine
Session
and
Resources
Logic
…
Web Based
I/F
Aug Reality
I/F
VirtualReali
ty
I/F
Terminal
Spec
I/F
….
I/F
Dynamic
Service
Creation
Capabilitie
s
Social
I/F
Data Layer APIs
Service Layer APIs
Sensor/Actua
tors/ Smart
Objects
Processing Storage Terminals ….
Comm
Resources
Resource Layer APIs
Resource
Layer
Feeds from the
Measurable
City
51. Towards the Virtual Continuum
51
In a context of Future City, the virtual continuum offers
the opportunity to measure the relevant events
occurring in a city by means of physical objects (e.g.,
sensors, smart objects) and consequently to plan policies
for adapting the usage to the resources of the city and to
the context of users
52. The Context for Virtual
Continuum
52
Brokering and
Aggregation Function
Physical World
Mobile Devices
Smart Objects /
Things /Sensors
Secure,
Always best
connected
virtualized
channels
Network Resources
Processing Resources
Storage Resources
Virtual EnvironmentImages of
Terminals and
Objects
(Proxy and
security
Functions)
Applications
& Services
ComputingCloud
(VirtualizedorCyberWorld)
Virtualized
Resources
53. Framework for Virtual Continuum
Platform
API
Always Best
Connected Comm.
Sensors
Things
T
a
g
Tags Others
App Ecosystem
Platform Value
Ecosystem Value
Service/Apps
Value
Programmability
Value
Processing
Storage
Communications
Comm
Value
Communication Engine
(e.g., event based)
Autonomics and Self
Organization
Brokering of Virtual
Objects
Data Management
Objects
Registry
Objects
management
Extensive Objects Virtualization
API
Telco
Building
Blocks
MobileDevicePlatform
Native
Operating
System
Middleware
Functions
Terminal
to Cloud
Relationship
Terminal
to Capillary
Relationship
API
API
AI and Cognitive Functions
56. Big Data For Cultural Heritage
Data Presentation Layer
Data Logic/Data Analytics Layer
Data Warehouse/Data Storage Layer
Data Transformation Layer
App
1
App
2
App
…
App
N
Data Platform
Data Transformation – Data Warehouse –
Data Analytics
Physical (Cloud) Infrastructure
CPU – RAM – Storage
Data management for Cultural Heritage falls in what
classical data warehousing literature terms as an ETL
(Extract, Transform, Load) process.
In order to allow such an architecture to scale and to be
agile and manageable by all the parties involved, it has to
sit on a cloud infrastructure:
Data store implementation will make use of Big Data
technologies (like MapReduce approaches, NoSQL and
NewSQL data stores, CEP analysis) to allow the scalability
and response time needed to act effectively on
homogeneous sets of data.