Assessment of the Extent to which Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) ca...Shahadat Hossain Shakil
In this study the extent of addressing climate change mitigation and adaptation through SEA will be trying to explore based on available literatures, which is very few due to this domains infancy till date. In doing so present context of climate change will be described concisely. Following that, nexus between climate change and SEA will be highlighted based on SEA principles, guidance and best practice manual and empirical evidences of the integration in several countries. Drawing insights from the prior discussions, deficits and recommendations will be stated for future research agendas.
Triangular interactions among climate, erosion and tectonics happen during the course of formation and development of a mountain range. In this study mountain range of Nyainqentanglha of Himalaya has been focused to assess which element played the vital role in this case. Altitude data of the catchments have been used as the primary key of analysis. Significant concentration of catchment areas near glacier equilibrium line altitudes (ELA) proved the presence of glacial buzzsaw mechanism. Swath analysis confirmed the presence of Teflon peak. Finally web of interrelationship has been explored behind the development of this mountainous range.
Background: Ecological Footprint assessment helps to identify what activities are having the biggest impact on nature and opens up possibilities to reduce our impact and live within the means of ‘one planet’. It provides measurement of collective consumption of the population whether they are exceeding the earth’s ecological limits or not. The introduction of ecological footprint has been very necessary for the context of Bangladesh especially in Dhaka, where the unplanned consumption pattern of the population is producing a very unsustainable situation. Objective: This study intends to introduce this new concept through calculating the Ecological Footprint Account (usually 90% of it consists with Carbon Footprint/Emission Account) of the prestigious residential area Dhanmondi, which is one of the major resource consuming area of Dhaka city. Method: A blending of ‘component’ and ‘direct’ method has been used. Questionnaire survey (in 240 HH) has been conducted to gather information about the consumption pattern for different components (i.e. energy, food, service etc.) in the households for the year 2011. Biocapacity of Dhanmondi RA is also measured from the bioproductive lands available within the area. Following the generated results, sustainability analysis has been done. Results: An enormous gap between demand (1.19 global hectare/person) and supply (0.02 global hectare/person) of natural resources has been observed from the scrutiny. Conclusion: Natural gas consumption for domestic purpose has been found as the main motive behind the high footprint figure compared to the national average followed by Electricity, Food and Transportation. Biocapacity has been discovered as very petite amount because of unplanned urban agglomeration.
Assessment of the Extent to which Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) ca...Shahadat Hossain Shakil
In this study the extent of addressing climate change mitigation and adaptation through SEA will be trying to explore based on available literatures, which is very few due to this domains infancy till date. In doing so present context of climate change will be described concisely. Following that, nexus between climate change and SEA will be highlighted based on SEA principles, guidance and best practice manual and empirical evidences of the integration in several countries. Drawing insights from the prior discussions, deficits and recommendations will be stated for future research agendas.
Triangular interactions among climate, erosion and tectonics happen during the course of formation and development of a mountain range. In this study mountain range of Nyainqentanglha of Himalaya has been focused to assess which element played the vital role in this case. Altitude data of the catchments have been used as the primary key of analysis. Significant concentration of catchment areas near glacier equilibrium line altitudes (ELA) proved the presence of glacial buzzsaw mechanism. Swath analysis confirmed the presence of Teflon peak. Finally web of interrelationship has been explored behind the development of this mountainous range.
Background: Ecological Footprint assessment helps to identify what activities are having the biggest impact on nature and opens up possibilities to reduce our impact and live within the means of ‘one planet’. It provides measurement of collective consumption of the population whether they are exceeding the earth’s ecological limits or not. The introduction of ecological footprint has been very necessary for the context of Bangladesh especially in Dhaka, where the unplanned consumption pattern of the population is producing a very unsustainable situation. Objective: This study intends to introduce this new concept through calculating the Ecological Footprint Account (usually 90% of it consists with Carbon Footprint/Emission Account) of the prestigious residential area Dhanmondi, which is one of the major resource consuming area of Dhaka city. Method: A blending of ‘component’ and ‘direct’ method has been used. Questionnaire survey (in 240 HH) has been conducted to gather information about the consumption pattern for different components (i.e. energy, food, service etc.) in the households for the year 2011. Biocapacity of Dhanmondi RA is also measured from the bioproductive lands available within the area. Following the generated results, sustainability analysis has been done. Results: An enormous gap between demand (1.19 global hectare/person) and supply (0.02 global hectare/person) of natural resources has been observed from the scrutiny. Conclusion: Natural gas consumption for domestic purpose has been found as the main motive behind the high footprint figure compared to the national average followed by Electricity, Food and Transportation. Biocapacity has been discovered as very petite amount because of unplanned urban agglomeration.
Public Participation and Lay Knowledge in Environmental Governance: A Case St...Shahadat Hossain Shakil
This paper analyzes the debate of public participation within environmental governance process. In doing so, significance of local knowledge in climate change adaptation process has been evaluated. An adaptation project from the coastal areas of Bangladesh has been selected to reveal more specific result and to focus the study in a very specific angle. Local knowledge has been proved as a vital factor within the adaptation planning for coastal areas in the face of threat posed by climate change. Insights from similar studies has been drawn and evaluated. Finally public participation within the broader domain of environmental governance has been found inevitable.
Image of Chawk Bazar an Analysis from Physical and Socio Economic PerspectivesShahadat Hossain Shakil
The ancient city Dhaka which is located on the left bank of the river ‘Buriganga’ has some significant history of 400 years. It has passed through many vicissitudes. It got priority as trade centre as well as military post in Mughal period and as capital city after the war of Independence. The pre-Mughal Dhaka had 52 bazars and 53 lanes. It was known for its industrial and commercial activity. During Mughal period among these bazars, Chawk Bazar became the centre of commercial sector and social interaction. The name of the bazar was ‘Badshahi bazar’ at that time which was mainly a place for retail business. But gradually the bazar was occupied by the wholesale business. This transformation has completed by the year 1930. At present, it is one of the major wholesale business areas. Maximum development of Chawk Bazar took place during the Mughal period. But now-a-days it has started to lose its charm and traditional glory for increasing density and congestion.
Chawk Bazar area though signifies a lot, but the existing situation can never support the future growth unless the old city is immediately brought under a redevelopment scheme.
Does Distribution of Schools Matter in Human Development? - A Case Study of B...Shahadat Hossain Shakil
This paper investigates relationship between the distribution patterns of the schools and the human development index value of the respective study areas. In this study 50 upazilas have been selected out of 460 upazilas in Bangladesh. The distribution patterns of the primary and high school in each selected upazila have been analyzed through the “Nearest Neighbor Analysis” method. Then the value of Human Development Index (HDI) for each upazila has been determined. Finally a positive correlation between those two indices has been determined. This research can assist the policy makers to take proper decisions while selecting locations for schools keeping the broad view in mind which is development of that particular area.
Effectiveness of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA): Bangladesh PerspectiveShahadat Hossain Shakil
EIA as an environment management tool has been successful in terms of global awareness rising over the last four decades. Due to its rationalist approach it has been criticised about the inherent aim of influencing development decision and protecting the environment. Numerous researches have been performed to measure the ‘effectiveness of EIA’ which is still evolving as a domain. Four major criteria’s have been established till date. Effectiveness of Bangladesh EIA system has been explored with the help of those criteria’s. Procedural ineffectiveness seeks government measure in a couple areas mainly through institutional arrangement and capacity building. Substantive ineffectiveness reflects the global trend of failure to influence the development decision truly. Transactive effectiveness will be far reaching for a country like Bangladesh, depended on foreign aid largely. Normative effectiveness is still little known, but mass awareness about the environment through the debate regarding an ES report is a recent experience.
Climate Change Adaptation through Multi-level Governance: Perspectives from C...Shahadat Hossain Shakil
Multi-level governance/hybrid governance and proliferation of actors in Environmental Governance can address the multi-scalar (spatially, socio-politically, and temporally) character of environmental problems (Lemos and Agrawal 2006; Ostrom 2010). On the other hand this proliferation or fragmentation can cause conflict among the actors and networks in terms of power balance and incentives (Siebenhüner 2003; Bulkeley 2005; McCormick 2011).
The multidimensional nature of climate change requires responses at multiple geographical and jurisdictional scales, levels of social and administrative organisation, and policy and resource sectors (Keskitalo 2010; Termeer et al. 2011). For this reason, multilevel governance – decision- and policy-making that involve multiple actors and take place across multiple jurisdictions and sectors – is critical for adaptation (Termeer et al. 2010). On the other hand multilevel governance, despite comprising a promising approach to cope with multi-scale and multi-sector issues, faces significant challenges in a climate adaptation context. One such challenge refers to the policy context in which it is implemented, which is very often complex and fragmented, and is characterised by a diversity of interacting climate and non-climate strategies (e.g., programs, plans, policies and legislation) (Termeer et al. 2011). Interaction between and among those strategies can create both synergetic and conflicting outcomes (Adger et al. 2005; Young 2006; K. Urwin and Jordan 2008).
This study will examines how climate change adaptation takes place in a complex multilevel governance system comprised by Coastal Areas of Bangladesh. It will map adaptation strategies (what are the existing adaptation policies and strategies?) and responsibilities (who has been developing/adopting such strategies?) at National, Divisional, District, Upazila (sub-disrict) and Union levels.
It will examines examples of adaptation strategies in terms of type of adaptation, its manifestation, purposefulness, drivers and triggers, and geographic and temporal scope. Interactions between strategies (how adaptation strategies relate to each other) will be investigated both at the same level of governance (horizontally) and across governance levels (vertically).
This will be the pioneer study regarding environmental governance in Bangladesh with a special focus on climate change adaptation. Moreover the insights and findings of this study can be used in other cross-cuting sctors (socio-economic) within the country.
Sustainable City Design: Developing Conceptual Planning Proposal for Eastern ...Shahadat Hossain Shakil
The Eastern fringe of Dhaka city is a low lying area along the bank of Balu River. According to DMDP, 32% of the total population of Dhaka city will be living there by 2020. This area is now facing scattered private housing development projects and rapid urbanization. So this paper aims at preparing a conceptual planning proposal for a planned sustainable urban environment. Objective of this study is planning a sustainable city environment for eastern fringe for projected population (2.6 million) of 2020 and conservation of retention pond areas. Before preparing the plan various town development plans were studied (Delhi Master Plan 2021, Navi Mumbai plan, Putrajaya town development plan etc). Then population for the year 2020 in the study area is projected. Afterwards land use distribution, road network design, zoning, detailed neighborhood design for different income groups etc is done. The study area is divided into four zones. A transit based transportation network is planned. Residential land use is the major land use in the study area. This site is planned as a poly-centric urban form with hierarchy of CBDs, adapted from Delhi Master Plan 2021. 15% area is conserved for retention ponds. A regional scale hospital, university, light industrial zone and waste treatment plant is planned. Agricultural lands and land for future expansion is also planned. Thus all the planning processes are applied to design a sustainable urban environment.
Environmental Impact Assessment as a tool for decision making has been formally initiated in late sixty’s at USA through National Environmental Protection Act, 1969 (Glasson et al., 2012, p.50) which has been now adopted by majority of countries of the world (Sadler, 1996, p.25; Petts, 2009; NCEA, 2013).
To monitor the quality of Environmental Statements (on which the overall success of the process depends most) review packages or criteria’s has been first developed in 1987 by Ross for Canadian ESs (Lee and Colley, 1992). Following several initiatives in this arena, Lee and Colley developed their review package in 1990, which has been amended at 1999 lastly (Lee et al., 1999), and it is being used widely for assessing ESs. European commission guideline on EIS review is another precise guideline to evaluate (EC, 2001). Both process has been criticized for the inadequacies to address all the issues (Põder and Lukki, 2011) and variability of scrutiny by reviewers depending on their personal skills and competencies (Peterson, 2010).
Parking Demand & Supply Analysis of Different Commercial Land Uses Along Mirp...Shahadat Hossain Shakil
“Parking” this term is one of the most important topics of discussion in the developing cities. In the cities like Dhaka where unplanned urbanization prevails in a greater extent; parking problem is the most common scenario there. In the developing countries cities are growing without considering the inherent increasing parking demand. Mirpur road is one of the most problematic roads of Dhaka city in context of parking problem. To assess the current scenario of the problems and to formulate some policy measures is the main focus of this study. In this study some major parking generators along Mirpur has been surveyed and their parking demand-supply situation has been analyzed. Considering the Parking Policy for the Dhaka Metropolitan Development Plan Area, 2002 and the results from the analysis some policy measures has been formulated to manage the parking demand more efficiently.
Stakeholder Debate in Policy Implementation:An Evaluation of Bangladesh Leat...Shahadat Hossain Shakil
This paper focuses on stakeholder debate and conflict during policy implementation. In doing so it analyzed the reason behind the implementation snag of Bangladesh leather processing industry relocation policy, which is extreme stakeholder negotiation. Relevant stakeholders have been identified and their influence over the policy measure has been formulated. Underlying interactions among the stakeholders has been conceptually depicted to retrieve an image of the extreme stakeholder dispute behind this policy failure. Finally, based on the empirical evidence this policy measure has been evaluated in light of the effective participation of the concerned stakeholders.
Promotion of Agricultural Product (Jute, Sweetmeat) in Districts (Shariatpur,...Shahadat Hossain Shakil
Bangladesh is traditionally an agro-based country for geographical reasons. Historically agricultural products play a major role in the GDP of the country. Recent statistical data shows that agricultural products are now at 3rd position in the sectoral share of GDP.
The economic condition, per capita income and quality of life of Bangladesh can be improved if proper emphasis is given on the agricultural sector and appropriate promotion strategy for the agricultural industry is undertaken. This promotion strategy should be undertaken in different scales on the basis of need and priority.
In Bangladesh there are lots of National level goals and policies for industrial promotion and there are also some Local level plans; but the intermediate stage (Regional level) between these two is always neglected. National level plans are always too broad on the other hand Local level plans are too specific. A combination of these two scales of planning is needed for quick and efficient improvement strategy.
In this study Regional promotional strategy for two agricultural products in two different districts (Jute-Shariatpur; Sweetmeat-Rajbari) is discussed to minimize the above mentioned gap between National and Local level.
Technical and Financial Proposal-Consultancy Services for the Preparation of ...Shahadat Hossain Shakil
The cities and towns of Bangladesh are growing largely in an unplanned manner. Planned spatial and socio-economic development is essential for living and environmental quality of spaces. To ensure such quality of space for better living environment planned growth of Bakerganj region can hardly be over emphasized. The project titled 'Preparation of Bakerganj Upazilla Master Plan' comprises a small area in the south east region of the country. The approach & methodology, and work task to be performed to accomplish the stated objectives and activities stated in the Terms of Reference (ToR) are presented in this section.
Impact of Different Types of Land Use on Transportation System of Dhaka City ...Shahadat Hossain Shakil
Land use distribution and transportation both are very important issue for Dhaka city in recent period. To relate these two issues with each other is also a very effective job but a difficult one indeed. This study intends to find out the impact of different land use changes on the transportation system of Dhaka city. One of the most important roads of Dhaka city, Mirpur Road has been taken to understand and to analyze for this study. This study will help to take significant decisions and generate proper policies in transportation sector. It will also contribute to the attempts of combining land use planning and transportation planning. By assessing the land use change impact on transportation system, traffic management, congestion control and improvement of road network will be possible to make
Deep learning hardware architecture and software deploy with dockerYa-Lun Li
This is an overview of deep learning's hardware architecture, including GPU and TPU, and software stack deploy with docker, mesos, and the work flow of continuous integration.
Also, a research to the deep learning's future with Blockchain and Quantum Computing in the final sections.
How to plan a hadoop cluster for testing and production environmentAnna Yen
Athemaster wants to share our experience to plan Hardware Spec, server initial and role deployment with new Hadoop Users. There are 2 testing environments and 3 production environments for case study.
This presentation covers the flow of Zend optimizer for PHP and the approaches to accelerate PHP execution by introducing LLVM compiler infrastructure.