Cucumber is a testing tool that supports Behavior Driven Development (BDD). It allows defining application behaviors using plain English in feature files. Cucumber reads these feature files and matches the steps to code in step definition files. It supports testing various frameworks like Selenium and has advantages over other BDD tools like acting as documentation and allowing involvement of non-programmers. This document discusses setting up a Cucumber environment with Selenium and Java on Windows, which requires installing Java, Eclipse IDE and Maven build tool.
The java interview questions ebook - confused codersYash Sharma
This is a primer book for brushing up your java concepts before going to the interviews.
The book has been casually written by us for our friends attending java interviews.
We are sharing the book so that it can be beneficiary to other people over the internet.
Note: The book has been written casually and has not been thoroughly reviewed, hence if you find any bugs or errors please report us so that we can fix it ASAP.
Thanks, Happy Learning. Cheers.
IntelliJ IDEA is a powerful and popular integrated development environment for Java. This tutorial provides an introduction to IntelliJ IDEA, including how to install and configure it, get familiar with its visual elements and settings, and create a first Java project. It also discusses deeper features like projects, modules, libraries, and build tools integration.
The document provides a tutorial on design patterns in Java. It begins with an introduction to design patterns, noting that they represent best practices used by experienced object-oriented developers. The tutorial then covers various design patterns like Factory, Abstract Factory, Singleton, Builder, Prototype, Adapter, Bridge, Filter, Composite, Decorator, Facade, Flyweight, Proxy, Chain of Responsibility, Command, Interpreter, Iterator, Mediator, Memento, Observer, State, Null Object, Strategy, Template, Visitor, MVC, Business Delegate, Composite Entity, Data Access Object, Front Controller, Intercepting Filter, Service Locator, and Transfer Object. For each pattern, it provides an implementation overview, class
Eclipse is an integrated development environment used primarily for Java development. It contains perspectives that arrange views and editors. Views display metadata and editors are used for editing files. The default perspective is Java. Menus provide commands for common development tasks. Views can be organized into folders and moved around. Perspectives control which menus and tools are shown.
This document provides an overview of the Java programming language. It discusses that Java was originally developed by Sun Microsystems in 1995 and is now an object-oriented, platform-independent language designed to be simple and secure. Key features include write once, run anywhere capabilities, support for object-oriented programming, and security features such as authentication based on public-key encryption.
This document provides a tutorial on VBScript syntax and features. It begins with an overview of VBScript, including its history, uses, and advantages. It then covers VBScript syntax elements like whitespace, formatting, comments, and reserved words. Multiple code examples are provided to demonstrate different syntax structures. The tutorial also introduces basic VBScript programming concepts like variables, operators, decisions, loops, and functions.
This document provides an introduction and overview of PHP 7. It discusses new features of PHP 7 such as improved performance (being twice as fast as PHP 5), lower memory consumption, scalar type declarations, consistent 64-bit support, improved exception hierarchy, addition of new secure random number generator API, and removal of deprecated extensions and SAPIs. It also provides information on setting up the PHP 7 environment on Linux/Unix, Mac OS X, and Windows platforms. It includes steps to install PHP, Apache web server, and configure the php.ini file. Code examples are provided to demonstrate new features like scalar type declarations and return type declarations.
The Spring Framework is an open-source Java platform that provides comprehensive infrastructure support for developing robust Java applications easily and rapidly. It was initially created by Rod Johnson in 2002 and released under the Apache 2.0 license. Spring simplifies development through features like dependency injection and aspect-oriented programming. It includes modules for core functions, data access, web applications, and other services.
The java interview questions ebook - confused codersYash Sharma
This is a primer book for brushing up your java concepts before going to the interviews.
The book has been casually written by us for our friends attending java interviews.
We are sharing the book so that it can be beneficiary to other people over the internet.
Note: The book has been written casually and has not been thoroughly reviewed, hence if you find any bugs or errors please report us so that we can fix it ASAP.
Thanks, Happy Learning. Cheers.
IntelliJ IDEA is a powerful and popular integrated development environment for Java. This tutorial provides an introduction to IntelliJ IDEA, including how to install and configure it, get familiar with its visual elements and settings, and create a first Java project. It also discusses deeper features like projects, modules, libraries, and build tools integration.
The document provides a tutorial on design patterns in Java. It begins with an introduction to design patterns, noting that they represent best practices used by experienced object-oriented developers. The tutorial then covers various design patterns like Factory, Abstract Factory, Singleton, Builder, Prototype, Adapter, Bridge, Filter, Composite, Decorator, Facade, Flyweight, Proxy, Chain of Responsibility, Command, Interpreter, Iterator, Mediator, Memento, Observer, State, Null Object, Strategy, Template, Visitor, MVC, Business Delegate, Composite Entity, Data Access Object, Front Controller, Intercepting Filter, Service Locator, and Transfer Object. For each pattern, it provides an implementation overview, class
Eclipse is an integrated development environment used primarily for Java development. It contains perspectives that arrange views and editors. Views display metadata and editors are used for editing files. The default perspective is Java. Menus provide commands for common development tasks. Views can be organized into folders and moved around. Perspectives control which menus and tools are shown.
This document provides an overview of the Java programming language. It discusses that Java was originally developed by Sun Microsystems in 1995 and is now an object-oriented, platform-independent language designed to be simple and secure. Key features include write once, run anywhere capabilities, support for object-oriented programming, and security features such as authentication based on public-key encryption.
This document provides a tutorial on VBScript syntax and features. It begins with an overview of VBScript, including its history, uses, and advantages. It then covers VBScript syntax elements like whitespace, formatting, comments, and reserved words. Multiple code examples are provided to demonstrate different syntax structures. The tutorial also introduces basic VBScript programming concepts like variables, operators, decisions, loops, and functions.
This document provides an introduction and overview of PHP 7. It discusses new features of PHP 7 such as improved performance (being twice as fast as PHP 5), lower memory consumption, scalar type declarations, consistent 64-bit support, improved exception hierarchy, addition of new secure random number generator API, and removal of deprecated extensions and SAPIs. It also provides information on setting up the PHP 7 environment on Linux/Unix, Mac OS X, and Windows platforms. It includes steps to install PHP, Apache web server, and configure the php.ini file. Code examples are provided to demonstrate new features like scalar type declarations and return type declarations.
The Spring Framework is an open-source Java platform that provides comprehensive infrastructure support for developing robust Java applications easily and rapidly. It was initially created by Rod Johnson in 2002 and released under the Apache 2.0 license. Spring simplifies development through features like dependency injection and aspect-oriented programming. It includes modules for core functions, data access, web applications, and other services.
The document is a report submitted by Vikesh Kumar Pandey summarizing his internship experience at Sharp Track substation from May 26 to July 5, 2019 under the supervision of Sandeep Sharma. It thanks various people like the HOD of his department, Sandeep Sharma and other employees who helped him during the training. It also includes a candidate's declaration signed by Vikesh Kumar Pandey stating that the report is based on his own work during the internship period.
This document provides an overview of topics that are important to know for Java interviews, including core Java topics like platform independence, wrapper classes, strings, arrays, and enums. It also lists some key differences between Java and C++. The document recommends reviewing these topics in detail as well as watching related tutorial videos to prepare for Java interviews.
This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts and Java programming. It introduces topics like classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, exception handling, input/output streams, events, applets, serialization, databases, networking, threading and more. The document is intended to teach OOP concepts independently of a specific language using examples in Java and C++. It emphasizes that learning to use the Java class libraries and object-oriented design are the main challenges for Java programmers.
This document provides an overview and tutorial for Hibernate, an open source object-relational mapping tool for Java. It begins with introductions to object-relational mapping, Hibernate's advantages, architecture, and environment setup. The bulk of the document then covers configuring Hibernate, using sessions to manage persistence, mapping Java objects to database tables, and examples of implementing different types of associations.
Diving into OOP (Day 5): All About C# Access Modifiers (Public/Private/Protec...Akhil Mittal
Access modifiers (or access specifiers) are keywords in object-oriented languages that set the accessibility of classes, methods, and other members. Access modifiers are a specific part of programming language syntax used to facilitate the encapsulation of components.
Anhand der im JDK 8 bestehenden neuen JavaScript-Engine Nashorn werden die Vorteile des JSR 292 (Supporting Dynamically Typed Languages on the Java Platform) für Skriptsprachen auf der JVM aufgezeigt und mit welchen Performanzsteigerungen diese in Zukunft innerhalb von Java rechnen können. Neben einer Einführung in die Lambda Expressions, die ebenfalls Einzug in das JDK 8 haben und bereits Bestandteil einiger Sprachen ist, werden weitere spezielle Sprachkonstrukte von bestimmten Skriptsprachen betrachtet. Einfache Code-Beispiele zu den jeweiligen Sprache, die auf der JVM laufen, heben ihre Vorteile gegenüber Java hervor. Neben JavaScript (Nashorn) werden Beispiele in Groovy, JRuby und Clojure gezeigt.
The document provides instructions for several programming assignments related to Java. It includes instructions for coding simple "Hello World" programs, analyzing and coding programs using if/else statements and loops, and creating NetBeans projects to calculate sales compensation with various criteria. Students are asked to complete assignments by analyzing provided code, writing their own code, and submitting files. The document also includes discussion questions on Java concepts.
Hibernate is an object-relational mapping tool for Java that takes care of mapping Java classes to database tables. It provides a simple API for storing and retrieving objects and handles common data persistence tasks. The core classes in Hibernate's architecture include Configuration, SessionFactory, and Session. Configuration handles configuration files and mappings. SessionFactory is a thread-safe object that is used to create Session instances. Session represents a conversation between the application and the database.
Dat 210 academic adviser ....tutorialrank.comladworkspaces
This document contains instructions and requirements for multiple assignments in the DAT 210 course. It includes instructions for weekly assignments involving writing programs in Python, Java, and Ruby to complete tasks like calculating sums, finding minimum values, and converting costs between currencies. It also includes discussion prompts for weekly discussions on topics like programming logic, object-oriented programming, and functional programming.
This document provides instructions and resources for multiple Java programming assignments in PRG 420, including:
1. Analyzing and coding a simple "Hello World" program that prompts the user for their name and prints a greeting.
2. Analyzing and coding a program using if/then statements and a switch statement to identify polygons based on user-inputted number of sides.
3. Discussion questions about object-oriented programming concepts in Java like private variables, error handling, and class design.
4. An individual assignment to create a NetBeans project calculating an employee's annual compensation from salary, commission, and bonuses.
The document provides an overview of QUnit, a unit testing framework for JavaScript. It discusses that QUnit is commonly used for test-driven development with projects like jQuery. It also outlines some key features of QUnit like assertions for testing expected results and organizing tests into test suites and cases. The document then defines what a unit test case is, describing it as code that ensures another part of code works as expected by testing for specific known inputs and expected outputs.
Go is a general-purpose programming language designed with systems programming in mind. It provides garbage collection, concurrency support, and a simple syntax similar to C. A Go program consists of packages that can be compiled to a binary. The main function acts as the entry point. Print statements and comments are used to output text and add notes to the code.
BEGINNERS GUIDE TO SOFTWARE TESTING BY C.PADMINIsuhasreddy1
This document provides an introduction to software testing for beginners. It discusses what software testing involves, including identifying bugs early in the development process to reduce costs. A good tester has skills like communication, paying attention to detail, and being methodical. The document outlines the software development and testing lifecycles, different testing types like unit vs. integration testing, test planning and case development techniques, defect tracking, and test automation. It aims to educate people on the importance of software quality and provide an overview of a career in software testing.
This document provides an introduction to software testing for beginners. It discusses what software testing is, why it's important, and the roles and skills of software testers. It also provides an overview of common testing techniques like test planning, case development, defect tracking, and automation. The goal is to help beginners gain practical knowledge about software testing processes in the industry.
The document is about the book "Learning Selenium" which teaches readers how to create automated test scripts using Selenium. It provides tutorials to get started with Selenium IDE, including how to record a test script, modify an existing script, store information from a web page. It also discusses using extensions and plugins with Selenium IDE. The book aims to help readers structure their Selenium test automation projects and provides hands-on examples testing a demo e-commerce website.
Встреча "QA: в каких направлениях может найти себя тестировщик?"GoIT
19.12.2014 в креативном пространстве "Часопыс" состоялась очередная встреча от проекта GoIT, посвященная "вечному". Наши любимые преподаватели и менторы доносили следующее:
• Виды QA и специфика работы в каждом из этих направлений;
• Необходимые вспомогательные навыки, которыми должен обладать тестировщик;
• Новинки мира QA.
Наши спикеры:
Николай Ковш - QA Engineer в Ciklum, которому успешно удалось перейти в сферу IT из маркетинга. Расскажет о необходимости тестировщикам уметь программировать.
Алла Пенальба - QA Lead в компании invisibleCRM, работала в компании ПИКСУС, 4 года проживала в Бельгии, где работала Mobile QA Engineer.
Марина Шевченко - Mobile QA Engineer в Ciklum. QA с опытом тестирования веб, десктопных и мобильных приложений. Расскажет о специфике тестирования мобильных приложений.
Александр Майданюк - Head of Quality Assurance Solution в компании Ciklum. Занимал должности QA Lead, Manager, QA Consultant и Trainer. Эксперт и судья QA секции чемпионата UA Web Challenge. Соучредитель Киевского клуба тестировщиков QA Club.
The document provides an overview of Behavior Driven Development (BDD) and the Cucumber testing framework. It discusses why teams adopt BDD, what BDD and Cucumber are, and how to set up the Cucumber environment and write feature files using its Gherkin language. Key points covered include that BDD focuses on specifying and testing desired user behaviors, Cucumber serves as documentation, tests, and an aid using plain text scenarios, and the environment setup shows installing Java, Eclipse, Maven, and adding Cucumber dependencies to create and run feature files.
The document is a report submitted by Vikesh Kumar Pandey summarizing his internship experience at Sharp Track substation from May 26 to July 5, 2019 under the supervision of Sandeep Sharma. It thanks various people like the HOD of his department, Sandeep Sharma and other employees who helped him during the training. It also includes a candidate's declaration signed by Vikesh Kumar Pandey stating that the report is based on his own work during the internship period.
This document provides an overview of topics that are important to know for Java interviews, including core Java topics like platform independence, wrapper classes, strings, arrays, and enums. It also lists some key differences between Java and C++. The document recommends reviewing these topics in detail as well as watching related tutorial videos to prepare for Java interviews.
This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts and Java programming. It introduces topics like classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, exception handling, input/output streams, events, applets, serialization, databases, networking, threading and more. The document is intended to teach OOP concepts independently of a specific language using examples in Java and C++. It emphasizes that learning to use the Java class libraries and object-oriented design are the main challenges for Java programmers.
This document provides an overview and tutorial for Hibernate, an open source object-relational mapping tool for Java. It begins with introductions to object-relational mapping, Hibernate's advantages, architecture, and environment setup. The bulk of the document then covers configuring Hibernate, using sessions to manage persistence, mapping Java objects to database tables, and examples of implementing different types of associations.
Diving into OOP (Day 5): All About C# Access Modifiers (Public/Private/Protec...Akhil Mittal
Access modifiers (or access specifiers) are keywords in object-oriented languages that set the accessibility of classes, methods, and other members. Access modifiers are a specific part of programming language syntax used to facilitate the encapsulation of components.
Anhand der im JDK 8 bestehenden neuen JavaScript-Engine Nashorn werden die Vorteile des JSR 292 (Supporting Dynamically Typed Languages on the Java Platform) für Skriptsprachen auf der JVM aufgezeigt und mit welchen Performanzsteigerungen diese in Zukunft innerhalb von Java rechnen können. Neben einer Einführung in die Lambda Expressions, die ebenfalls Einzug in das JDK 8 haben und bereits Bestandteil einiger Sprachen ist, werden weitere spezielle Sprachkonstrukte von bestimmten Skriptsprachen betrachtet. Einfache Code-Beispiele zu den jeweiligen Sprache, die auf der JVM laufen, heben ihre Vorteile gegenüber Java hervor. Neben JavaScript (Nashorn) werden Beispiele in Groovy, JRuby und Clojure gezeigt.
The document provides instructions for several programming assignments related to Java. It includes instructions for coding simple "Hello World" programs, analyzing and coding programs using if/else statements and loops, and creating NetBeans projects to calculate sales compensation with various criteria. Students are asked to complete assignments by analyzing provided code, writing their own code, and submitting files. The document also includes discussion questions on Java concepts.
Hibernate is an object-relational mapping tool for Java that takes care of mapping Java classes to database tables. It provides a simple API for storing and retrieving objects and handles common data persistence tasks. The core classes in Hibernate's architecture include Configuration, SessionFactory, and Session. Configuration handles configuration files and mappings. SessionFactory is a thread-safe object that is used to create Session instances. Session represents a conversation between the application and the database.
Dat 210 academic adviser ....tutorialrank.comladworkspaces
This document contains instructions and requirements for multiple assignments in the DAT 210 course. It includes instructions for weekly assignments involving writing programs in Python, Java, and Ruby to complete tasks like calculating sums, finding minimum values, and converting costs between currencies. It also includes discussion prompts for weekly discussions on topics like programming logic, object-oriented programming, and functional programming.
This document provides instructions and resources for multiple Java programming assignments in PRG 420, including:
1. Analyzing and coding a simple "Hello World" program that prompts the user for their name and prints a greeting.
2. Analyzing and coding a program using if/then statements and a switch statement to identify polygons based on user-inputted number of sides.
3. Discussion questions about object-oriented programming concepts in Java like private variables, error handling, and class design.
4. An individual assignment to create a NetBeans project calculating an employee's annual compensation from salary, commission, and bonuses.
The document provides an overview of QUnit, a unit testing framework for JavaScript. It discusses that QUnit is commonly used for test-driven development with projects like jQuery. It also outlines some key features of QUnit like assertions for testing expected results and organizing tests into test suites and cases. The document then defines what a unit test case is, describing it as code that ensures another part of code works as expected by testing for specific known inputs and expected outputs.
Go is a general-purpose programming language designed with systems programming in mind. It provides garbage collection, concurrency support, and a simple syntax similar to C. A Go program consists of packages that can be compiled to a binary. The main function acts as the entry point. Print statements and comments are used to output text and add notes to the code.
BEGINNERS GUIDE TO SOFTWARE TESTING BY C.PADMINIsuhasreddy1
This document provides an introduction to software testing for beginners. It discusses what software testing involves, including identifying bugs early in the development process to reduce costs. A good tester has skills like communication, paying attention to detail, and being methodical. The document outlines the software development and testing lifecycles, different testing types like unit vs. integration testing, test planning and case development techniques, defect tracking, and test automation. It aims to educate people on the importance of software quality and provide an overview of a career in software testing.
This document provides an introduction to software testing for beginners. It discusses what software testing is, why it's important, and the roles and skills of software testers. It also provides an overview of common testing techniques like test planning, case development, defect tracking, and automation. The goal is to help beginners gain practical knowledge about software testing processes in the industry.
The document is about the book "Learning Selenium" which teaches readers how to create automated test scripts using Selenium. It provides tutorials to get started with Selenium IDE, including how to record a test script, modify an existing script, store information from a web page. It also discusses using extensions and plugins with Selenium IDE. The book aims to help readers structure their Selenium test automation projects and provides hands-on examples testing a demo e-commerce website.
Встреча "QA: в каких направлениях может найти себя тестировщик?"GoIT
19.12.2014 в креативном пространстве "Часопыс" состоялась очередная встреча от проекта GoIT, посвященная "вечному". Наши любимые преподаватели и менторы доносили следующее:
• Виды QA и специфика работы в каждом из этих направлений;
• Необходимые вспомогательные навыки, которыми должен обладать тестировщик;
• Новинки мира QA.
Наши спикеры:
Николай Ковш - QA Engineer в Ciklum, которому успешно удалось перейти в сферу IT из маркетинга. Расскажет о необходимости тестировщикам уметь программировать.
Алла Пенальба - QA Lead в компании invisibleCRM, работала в компании ПИКСУС, 4 года проживала в Бельгии, где работала Mobile QA Engineer.
Марина Шевченко - Mobile QA Engineer в Ciklum. QA с опытом тестирования веб, десктопных и мобильных приложений. Расскажет о специфике тестирования мобильных приложений.
Александр Майданюк - Head of Quality Assurance Solution в компании Ciklum. Занимал должности QA Lead, Manager, QA Consultant и Trainer. Эксперт и судья QA секции чемпионата UA Web Challenge. Соучредитель Киевского клуба тестировщиков QA Club.
The document provides an overview of Behavior Driven Development (BDD) and the Cucumber testing framework. It discusses why teams adopt BDD, what BDD and Cucumber are, and how to set up the Cucumber environment and write feature files using its Gherkin language. Key points covered include that BDD focuses on specifying and testing desired user behaviors, Cucumber serves as documentation, tests, and an aid using plain text scenarios, and the environment setup shows installing Java, Eclipse, Maven, and adding Cucumber dependencies to create and run feature files.
Test-Driven Developments are Inefficient; Behavior-Driven Developments are a ...Abdelkrim Boujraf
The document discusses the authors' experience with different testing strategies at their company StratEx. They initially used Selenium for UI testing but found it did not help when they frequently changed screens. They then investigated Test-Driven Development (TDD) but found it inefficient, as tests are also code that must be written and maintained. Behavior-Driven Development (BDD) showed more promise as it focuses on functionality rather than architecture and bridges communication between users and developers. However, no methodology fully describes large, complex systems. The search for the best testing approach is ongoing.
A Comprehensive Guide to Conducting Test Automation Using Appium & Cucumber o...flufftailshop
The widespread use of mobile applications in our daily lives has created a demand for seamless integration and reliable performance. Modern tech-savvy users expect mobile apps to solve their problems seamlessly and without fail.
The document discusses an approach to automating software testing with limited resources by splitting responsibilities between developers and testers. Developers would create a testing framework with an intuitive API that abstracts away technical details. Testers would then leverage this framework to create test cases without having to learn programming. This allows each role to focus on their existing skills while still achieving the goal of automated testing. The approach is meant to address the challenge of demand for test automation exceeding the available skilled workforce by dividing the work in a collaborative manner.
Test-Driven Developments are Inefficient; Behavior-Driven Developments are a ...Abdelkrim Boujraf
In summary, we have presented here a method for efficiently testing large parts of web-based software by using elements of code generation to generate automatable tests, and by using BDD concepts to model tests for non-generated screens and non-generated business actions. Further, we have described a method for context-based unit
testing that, when combined with generated code and tests, yields an acceptable trade-off between development efficiency and time spent on testing
The document discusses test automation for mobile applications using the Calabash framework. It begins with an agenda that includes an overview of test automation in mobile, Behavior Driven Development (BDD), how the Calabash framework works, using the Gherkin language to write specifications, and a demo. It then delves into each topic, explaining how Calabash allows automated tests written in Cucumber to run on iOS and Android apps, how BDD differs from test-driven development, how Calabash bridges apps and tests, and how to write Gherkin features, scenarios, and step definitions. The presentation concludes with noting the costs, difficulties of quick setup, potential problems, example users of Calabash, and
This document provides an overview of Behavior Driven Development (BDD) with Cucumber. It discusses Test Driven Development (TDD), the differences between TDD and BDD, and the key features of BDD including using a common language that business and technical stakeholders can understand. The document then covers an introduction to Cucumber, its advantages over other tools, prerequisites for using Cucumber, and how a basic Cucumber framework is structured including feature files, step definitions, and a test runner file. It also discusses using backgrounds in Cucumber to define common starting context across scenarios.
This document discusses testing from a developer perspective. It recommends writing tests first before coding to document intentions and allow for safe refactoring. Various testing frameworks are described, including xUnit frameworks, behavior driven development (BDD) frameworks that describe expected behavior, and BDD frameworks that use Given/When/Then syntax. It also discusses the importance of UI/UX testing tools like Selenium. The key takeaways are: 1) write tests first to guide development, 2) xUnit and BDD frameworks provide different approaches to testing code, 3) UI testing tools are needed to test applications at a user interface level.
This document provides an overview and tutorial on Docker, an open source containerization platform. It begins with basic Docker installation and configuration, then progresses to more advanced topics such as networking, images, containers, registries and development environments. The target audience is those interested in learning Docker. Basic knowledge of Windows and Linux is assumed. The document provides copyright information and a table of contents to guide readers through the Docker tutorial.
Agile testing is a software testing practice that follows the principles of agile software development. It involves all members of the project team, with special expertise contributed by testers. Testing is not a separate phase and is interwoven with all development phases such as requirements, design, coding, and test case generation. Testing takes place simultaneously through the development life cycle. The key principles of agile testing include testing moving the project forward, testing not being a separate phase, everyone testing, shortening feedback loops, keeping code clean, using lightweight documentation, and leveraging test artifacts for both manual and automated testing.
This document provides an overview and tutorial for learning the Java programming language. It introduces Java, discusses how to set up the Java environment, and covers basic Java syntax including variables, data types, classes, and operators. The tutorial is intended for beginners to help them understand concepts from basic to advanced Java programming.
Cucumber is a tool used to write automated tests in a business-readable format. It uses the Gherkin language to write tests in plain English. A feature file defines test scenarios using Given, When, Then statements. Step definition files implement the steps in code. Cucumber supports cross-language testing and provides readable reports to business stakeholders.
Cucumber is a tool that allows software programmers to write automated tests for acceptance testing in a business-readable domain-specific language called Gherkin. Cucumber tests are written using a behavior-driven development (BDD) style with Given, When, Then steps. Cucumber supports testing applications developed in various programming languages and runs across different platforms and browsers.
Node.js is a JavaScript runtime built on Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine. It allows JavaScript to be run on the server-side. The document discusses Node.js and provides an example of creating a basic "Hello World" Node.js application in 3 steps: 1) Import the http module, 2) Create an HTTP server that listens on port 8081 and returns "Hello World", 3) Test the application by making a request to the server and observing the response.
DevLabs Alliance top 20 Cucumber Interview Questions for SDETDevLabs Alliance
DevLabs Alliance Cucumber Interview Questions for SDET will help SDETs to prepare for their interviews. Learn top 20 questions with their answers for Cucumber which are majorly asked in interview for SDET role.
This document provides an overview of database management systems (DBMS). It discusses DBMS architecture, data models including entity-relationship and relational models, data schemas, data independence, and the entity-relationship model. It also covers relational data modeling, Codd's 12 rules for relational databases, and mapping from entity-relationship diagrams to relational schemas. The intended audience is computer science graduates and prerequisites include basic computer concepts.
This document provides an introduction to data structures and algorithms. It discusses how data structures store data efficiently and how they are used in enterprise applications. The target audience is computer science graduates and software professionals looking to learn about data structures and algorithms. Basic prerequisites include understanding C programming, text editors, and executing programs. The document outlines different sections to be covered, including basics of data structures and algorithms, asymptotic analysis, common algorithms like greedy, divide and conquer, and dynamic programming, and specific data structures like arrays.
This document provides an overview of wireless communication. It discusses key topics such as features of wireless communication including transmission distance and applications. It also outlines some advantages of wireless communication such as mobility and lack of need for wires. Finally, it introduces various terms used in mobile telephony and multiple access techniques including FDMA, TDMA, CDMA and more that allow multiple users to access the network simultaneously.
This document provides an overview of cryptography. It begins by explaining the origins of cryptography in ancient civilizations and how it has evolved over time. It then discusses the components of a cryptosystem, including plaintext, encryption/decryption algorithms and keys. Finally, it outlines different types of cryptosystems and their basic functions in encrypting and decrypting data to provide confidentiality during transmission.
This document provides an overview of cosmology and summarizes some of the major discoveries in the field. It introduces concepts like the expanding universe, Hubble's law, and the Big Bang theory. It also explains cosmological phenomena such as the cosmic microwave background radiation and discusses evidence that has helped scientists understand dark matter and dark energy. The tutorial is intended for students and early-career astronomers who want to learn more about cosmological observations and theories.
This document provides an overview of control systems and their analysis. It introduces various modeling methods for control systems including mathematical models using differential equations and transfer functions. It also discusses modeling of mechanical systems, block diagrams, time response analysis, stability analysis and other fundamental control systems concepts. The document contains 17 chapters and is intended to teach readers about analyzing and improving the performance of control systems.
This document provides an overview of computer logical organization. It discusses key concepts such as analog versus digital signals, different number systems including binary, and binary codes. It also covers topics like number system conversions, error detection/correction, and complement arithmetic which are important aspects of computer logical organization. The intended audience is students pursuing computer science degrees. Basic computer knowledge is assumed as a prerequisite.
This document provides an overview of computer fundamentals. It explains that a computer accepts raw data as input, processes it under a set of instructions, and produces output which is saved for future use. It is intended for beginners and advanced learners, covering topics such as hardware, software, operating systems, and how to get the most value from computers. The document also provides information on computer components, memory types, number systems, and how to purchase a computer.
This document provides an overview of compiler design. It describes the different phases of a compiler including lexical analysis, syntax analysis, and code generation. It also outlines the overall architecture of a compiler, discussing the analysis and synthesis phases. The document is intended for students interested in learning the basic principles of compilers.
This document provides an overview of communication technologies and networking. It begins by discussing the history of communication from early speech to the development of the telephone and telecommunication networks. It then outlines how computer networks have revolutionized modern communication. The document will cover the evolution of networks from ARPANET to the Internet, networking hardware and software components, and concepts of global communication. It is designed for readers interested in learning the basic concepts of how networks function.
This document provides an overview of biometrics and biometric systems. It discusses the basic components of a biometric system, including sensors to capture biometric data, a processing unit, a database to store templates, and an output interface. It also outlines the general process a biometric system uses for identification and verification. The document introduces key biometrics concepts and terminology. It describes the evolution of biometrics and some common applications of biometric systems.
BDD focuses on providing a shared process and tools to promote communication between software developers and business analysts. It uses examples written in a readable language to illustrate desired system behaviors. BDD emerged from test-driven development, which uses automated tests to drive development. A key BDD practice is specification by example, which involves collaboratively writing examples to illustrate requirements and then automating these examples as tests.
This document provides an introduction to basic computer concepts. It discusses that a computer receives input, processes it based on instructions, and provides output. It also notes that computers can perform repetitive tasks without error. The document then outlines that it will discuss the parts of a computer and microprocessors that enable efficient and correct task completion. It provides information on intended audience and prerequisites. Finally, it includes copyright information and a table of contents to guide the reader.
This document provides an overview of basic computer science concepts. It discusses the major components of a computer system including hardware, software, input/output devices. It also describes common operating systems like Windows and Unix, as well as network types including local area networks, metropolitan area networks, and wide area networks. The document is designed for students preparing for competitive exams to provide foundational computer science knowledge with no prerequisites.
This document provides an introduction to basic electronic components. It begins by discussing semiconductor physics concepts like quantum numbers, energy bands, and the Pauli exclusion principle. It then covers components like resistors, capacitors, inductors, and transistors. Resistors are discussed in terms of symbols, color coding, circuit connections in series and parallel, and types of resistors. Capacitors are similarly covered regarding symbols, how they work, color coding, capacitive reactance, temperature coefficients, and circuit connections. The document is intended for readers who want preliminary knowledge of basic electronic components.
The document discusses the objectives and fundamentals of auditing. It explains that the main objective of auditing is to ensure the financial reliability of an organization and provide an independent opinion on whether the books of accounts show a true and fair view. It also discusses the three main types of fraud that can be detected through auditing - misappropriation of cash, goods, and manipulation of accounts.
This document provides an overview of artificial neural networks (ANN). It describes ANN as parallel computing devices modeled after the human brain, with the objective of performing computational tasks faster than traditional systems. The document outlines some key concepts of ANN including its basic components like neurons and connections between neurons. It also discusses different types of ANN models and learning methods, including supervised and unsupervised learning. Finally, it notes that ANN can be useful for tasks like pattern recognition, classification, approximation, and data clustering.
This document provides an introduction to the topic of artificial intelligence. It discusses the goals and history of AI, as well as key areas of research like intelligent systems, search algorithms, fuzzy logic systems, natural language processing, and expert systems. The intended audience is students beginning their study of AI who want a broad overview of the field.
This document provides an overview of antennas used in communication systems. It begins by describing the intended audience, which are readers looking to learn about antenna fundamentals, parameters, types, and design considerations. The document then outlines topics that will be covered, including basic antenna terms, parameters, near and far field patterns, radiation patterns, beam width, polarization, and more. It also lists prerequisites of basic electromagnetic wave and communication system concepts. The document aims to explain how to calculate antenna parameters and select an appropriate antenna type for different applications.
This document provides an overview of analog communication techniques. It discusses various modulation techniques used in analog communication systems, including amplitude modulation (AM), double sideband suppressed carrier (DSBSC), single sideband suppressed carrier (SSBSC), and vestigial sideband (VSBSC) modulation. It also covers angle modulation techniques such as frequency modulation (FM) and phase modulation. The document provides mathematical expressions to describe the different modulation techniques and discusses modulators and demodulators used for each type of modulation.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
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إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
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تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
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2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
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4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
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How Barcodes Can Be Leveraged Within Odoo 17Celine George
In this presentation, we will explore how barcodes can be leveraged within Odoo 17 to streamline our manufacturing processes. We will cover the configuration steps, how to utilize barcodes in different manufacturing scenarios, and the overall benefits of implementing this technology.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
5. 1. Cucumber – Overview
In order to get better advantage of the software testing, organizations are nowadays
taking a step forward. They implement important acceptance test scenarios while
development is in-progress. This approach is commonly known as Behavior Driven
Development (BDD).
Behavior Driven Development gives us an opportunity to create test scripts from both the
developer’s and the customer’s prospective as well. So in the beginning, developers,
project managers, QAs, user acceptance testers and the product owner (stockholder), all
get together and brainstorm about which test scenarios should be passed in order to call
this software/application successful. This way they come up with a set of test scenarios.
All these test scripts are in simple English language, so it serves the purpose of
documentation also.
Example
If we are developing a user authentication feature, then the following can be few key test
scenarios, which needs to get passed in order to call it a success.
The user should be able to login with correct username and correct password.
The user should not be able to login with incorrect username and correct password.
The user should not be able to login with correct username and incorrect password.
How it Works
By the time the code is ready, test scripts are ready too. The code has to pass the test
scripts defined in BDD. If it does not happen, code refactoring will be needed. Code gets
freezed only after successful execution of defined test scripts.
1
6. Cucumber
It is a very simple notion, but what we need in order to get this concept implemented. The
answer is, Behavior Driven Development (BDD) Framework. Cucumber is one such open
source tool, which supports behavior driven development. To be more precise, Cucumber
can be defined as a testing framework, driven by plain English text. It serves as
documentation, automated tests, and a development aid – all in one.
So what does Cucumber do? It can be described in the following steps:
Cucumber reads the code written in plain English text (Language Gherkin – to be
introduced later in this tutorial) in the feature file (to be introduced later).
It finds the exact match of each step in the step definition (a code file - details provided
later in the tutorial).
The piece of code to be executed can be different software frameworks like Selenium,
Ruby on Rails, etc. Not every BDD framework tool supports every tool.
This has become the reason for Cucumber's popularity over other frameworks, like
JBehave, JDave, Easyb, etc.
Cucumber supports over a dozen different software platforms like:
Ruby on Rails
Selenium
PicoContainer
Spring Framework
Watir
Advantages of Cucumber Over Other Tools
Cucumber supports different languages like Java.net and Ruby.
It acts as a bridge between the business and technical language. We can accomplish
this by creating a test case in plain English text.
It allows the test script to be written without knowledge of any code, it allows the
involvement of non-programmers as well.
It serves the purpose of end-to-end test framework unlike other tools.
Due to simple test script architecture, Cucumber provides code reusability.
2
7. 2. Cucumber – Environment
In this chapter, we will see the environment setup for Cucumber with Selenium WebDriver
and Java, on Windows Machine.
PrerequisitesforEnvironmentSetup
Following are the prerequisites required to set up with:
Java
Why we need: Java is a robust programming language. Cucumber supports Java
platform for the execution.
How to install:
Step (1): Download jdk and jre from the following link
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html
Step (2): Accept license agreement.
Step (3): Install JDK and JRE.
Step (4): Set the environment variable as shown in the following screenshots.
3
9. Cucumber
Eclipse
Why we need: Eclipse is an Integrated Development Environment (IDE). It
contains a base workspace and an extensible plug-in system for customizing the
environment.
How to install:
Step (1): Make sure JAVA is installed on your machine.
Step (2): Download Eclipse from http://www.eclipse.org/downloads.
Step (3): Unzip and Eclipse is installed.
Maven
Why we need: Maven is a build automation tool used primarily for Java projects.
It provides a common platform to perform activities like generating source code,
compiling code, packaging code to a jar, etc. Later if any of the software versions
gets changed, Maven provides an easy way to modify the test project
accordingly.
5
10. Cucumber
How to install:
Step (1): Download Maven from the following link:
https://maven.apache.org/download.cgi
Step (2): Unzip the file and remember the location.
Step (3): Create environment variable MAVEN_HOME as shown in the following
screenshot.
Step (4): Edit Path variable and include Maven as shown in the following
screenshot.
Step (5): Download MAVEN plugin from Eclipse.
Step (6): Open Eclipse.
Step (7): Go to Help -> Eclipse Marketplace -> Search Maven -> Maven
Integration for Eclipse -> INSTALL.
ConfigureCucumberwithMaven
Step (1): Create a Maven project.
Go to File -> New -> Others -> Maven -> Maven Project -> Next.
Provide group Id (group Id will identify your project uniquely across all projects).
6
11. Cucumber
Provide artifact Id (artifact Id is the name of the jar without version. You can choose
any name, which is in lowercase). Click on Finish.
Step (2): Open pom.xml:
Go to package explorer on the left hand side of Eclipse.
Expand the project CucumberTest.
Locate pom.xml file.
Right-click and select the option, open with “Text Editor”.
Step (3): Add dependency for selenium: This will indicate Maven which Selenium jar files
are to be downloaded from the central repository to the local repository.
Open pom.xml is in the edit mode, create dependencies tag
(<dependencies></dependencies>), inside the project tag.
Inside the dependencies tag, create dependency tag
(<dependency></dependency>).
7
12. Cucumber
Provide the following information within the dependency tag.
<dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
<version>2.47.1</version>
</dependency>
Step (4): Add dependency for Cucumber-Java: This will indicate Maven, which Cucumber
files are to be downloaded from the central repository to the local repository.
Create one more dependency tag.
Provide the following information within the dependency tag
<dependency>
<groupId>info.cukes</groupId>
<artifactId>cucumber-java</artifactId>
<version>1.0.2</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
Step (5): Add dependency for Cucumber-JUnit: This will indicate Maven, which Cucumber
JUnit files are to be downloaded from the central repository to the local repository.
Create one more dependency tag.
Provide the following information within the dependency tag
<dependency>
<groupId>info.cukes</groupId>
<artifactId>cucumber-junit</artifactId>
<version>1.0.2</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
8
13. Cucumber
Step (6): Add dependency for JUnit: This will indicate Maven, which JUnit files are to be
downloaded from the central repository to the local repository.
Create one more dependency tag.
Provide the following information within the dependency tag.
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.10</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
Step (7): Verify binaries.
Once pom.xml is edited successfully, save it.
Go to Project -> Clean: It will take a few minutes.
You will be able to see a Maven repository like shown in the following screenshot.
9
14. Cucumber
Create a feature file (to be covered later).
Create a step definition file (to be covered later).
Create a JUnit runner to run the test (to be covered later).
10
15. 3. Cucumber – Gherkins
So far, we have got an understanding of Cucumber and what it does. It executes the test
scripts, which have been defined in the feature file (to be covered in subsequent chapters).
The language, in which this executable feature files is written, is known as Gherkin.
Gherkin is a plain English text language, which helps the tool - Cucumber to interpret and
execute the test scripts.
One may think that, it has been discussed many times that Cucumber supports simple
English text then why we need a separate language - Gherkins. The answer lies in the
concept of the Behavior Driven Development.
As discussed earlier, we had seen that BDD incorporates different prospectives while
creating test scripts. It can be development prospective, business prospective, etc. That
said, we will need people from different community like developers, project managers,
product owners, and testers while developing test scripts. As these people do not belong
to the same category, there is a risk of not using the common language for test script
conceptualizing. This was the evolution point for Gherkins.
Gherkin provides the common set of keywords in English text, which can be used by
people amongst the different community and yet get the same output in the form of test
scripts.
Example
Feature: Login functionality for a social networking site. Given I am a social networking
site user. When I enter username as username1. And I enter password as password1.
Then I should be redirected to the home page of the site.
The above-mentioned scenario is of a feature called user login. All the words highlighted
in bold are Gherkin keywords.
Example of few other keywords:
Background
But
*
Scenario Outline
Examples
Gherkin will parse each step written in step definition file (to be covered later). So the
steps mentioned in the feature file and the step definition file (to be covered later)
should match.
11
16. Cucumber
You can locate the Gherkin jars in the Maven Dependency folder in the Package Explorer.
It gets downloaded along with the other Cucumber jars. It will look like the following
screenshot:
Another interesting fact about Gherkin is, it supports not only English but many other
native languages such as French, Finnish, Indonesian, Hungarian, Hindi, Urdu, Gujarati,
etc.
12
17. 4. Cucumber – Features
A Feature can be defined as a standalone unit or functionality of a project. Let’s take a
very common example of a social networking site. How does the feature of this
product/project look like? Few basic features can be determined as:
Create and remove the user from the social networking site.
User login functionality for the social networking site.
Sharing photos or videos on the social networking site.
Sending a friend request.
Logout.
By now, it is clear that, each independent functionality of the product under test can be
termed as a feature when we talk about Cucumber. It is a best practice later when you
start testing, that before deriving the test scripts, we should determine the features to be
tested.
A feature usually contains a list of scenarios to be tested for that feature. A file in which
we store features, description about the features and scenarios to be tested is known as
Feature File. We will see more about feature files in the following chapter.
The keyword to represent a feature under test in Gherkins is “Feature”. The suggested
best practice is, to write a small description of the feature beneath the feature title in the
feature file. This will fulfill the need of a good documentation as well.
Example
Feature: Login functionality for a social networking site.
The user should be able to login into the social networking site if the username and the
password are correct.
The user should be shown the error message if the username and the password are
incorrect.
The user should be navigated to home page, if the username and password are correct.
FeatureFiles
The file, in which Cucumber tests are written, is known as feature files. It is advisable
that there should be a separate feature file, for each feature under test. The extension of
the feature file needs to be “.feature”.
One can create as many feature files as needed. To have an organized structure, each
feature should have one feature file.
13
18. Cucumber
For Example:
Sr. No. Feature Feature File name
1 User Login userLogin.feature
2 Share the Post sharePost.feature
3 Create Account createAccount.feature
4 Delete Account deleteAccount.feature
The naming convention to be used for feature name, feature file name depends on the
individual’s choice. There is no ground rule in Cucumber about names.
A simple feature file consists of the following keywords/parts:
Feature: Name of the feature under test.
Description (optional): Describe about feature under test.
Scenario: What is the test scenario.
Given: Prerequisite before the test steps get executed.
When: Specific condition which should match in order to execute the next step.
Then: What should happen if the condition mentioned in WHEN is satisfied.
Example
Feature: User login on social networking site.
The user should be able to login into the social networking site when the username and
the password are correct.
The user should be shown an error message when the username and the password are
incorrect.
The user should be navigated to the home page if the username and the password are
correct.
Outline: Login functionality for a social networking site.
The given user navigates to Facebook. When I enter Username as "<username>" and
Password as "<password>". Then, login should be unsuccessful.
|username |password |
|username1 |password1 |
* AND keyword is used to show conjunction between two conditions. AND can be used
with any other keywords like GIVEN, WHEN and THEN.
There are no logic details written in the feature file.
14
19. Cucumber
StepsDefinitions
We have got our feature file ready with the test scenarios defined. However, this is not
the complete job done. Cucumber doesn’t really know which piece of code is to be executed
for any specific scenario outlined in a feature file.
This calls the need of an intermediate – Step Definition file. Steps definition file stores the
mapping between each step of the scenario defined in the feature file with a code of
function to be executed.
So, now when Cucumber executes a step of the scenario mentioned in the feature file, it
scans the step definition file and figures out which function is to be called.
Example of Step Definition File
public void goToFacebook()
{ driver = new
FirefoxDriver();
driver.navigate().to("https://www.facebook.com/");
}
@When "^user logs in using Username as "([^"]*)" and Password as
"([^"]*)"$"
public void I_enter_Username_as_and_Password_as(String arg1, String arg2)
{ driver.findElement(By.id("email")).sendKeys(arg1);
driver.findElement(By.id("pass")).sendKeys(arg2);
driver.findElement(By.id("u_0_v")).click();
}
@Then"^login should be unsuccessful$"
public void validateRelogin() {
if(driver.getCurrentUrl().equalsIgnoreCase("https://www.facebook.com/login.php?
login_attempt=1&lwv=110")){
System.out.println("Test
Pass"); }
else {
System.out.println("Test
Failed"); }
driver.close();
}
So with each function, whatever code you want to execute with each test step (i.e.
GIVEN/THEN/WHEN), you can write it within Step Definition file. Make sure that
code/function has been defined for each of the steps.
This function can be Java functions, where we can use both Java and Selenium commands
in order to automate our test steps.
15
20. 5. Cucumber – Scenarios
Scenario is one of the core Gherkin structures. Every scenario starts with the keyword
“Scenario:” (or localized one) and is followed by an optional scenario title. Each feature
can have one or more scenarios and every scenario consists of one or more steps. A very
simple example of scenario can be:
Scenario: Verify Help Functionality.
Given user navigates to Facebook.
When the user clicks on Help, then the Help page opens.
Consider a case, where we need to execute a test scenario more than once. Suppose, we
need to make sure that the login functionality is working for all types of subscription
holders. That requires execution of login functionality scenario multiple times. Copy paste
the same steps in order to just re-execute the code, does not seem to be a smart idea.
For this, Gherkin provides one more structure, which is scenario outline.
Scenario outline is similar to scenario structure; the only difference is the provision of
multiple inputs. As you can see in the following example, the test case remains the same
and non-repeatable. At the bottom we have provided multiple input values for the variables
“Username” and “Password”. While running the actual test, Cucumber will replace the
variable with input values provided and it will execute the test. Once pass-1 has been
executed, the test will rerun for second iteration with another input value. Such variable
or placeholders can be represented with ”<>” while mentioning with gherkin statements.
Example
Scenario Outline: Login functionality for a social networking site.
The given user navigates to Facebook.
When the user logs in using the Username as "<username>" and the Password as
"<password>", then login should be successful.
|username
|user1
|user2
|password |
|password1 |
|password2 |
There are a few tips and tricks to smartly define the Cucumber scenarios.
Each step should be clearly defined, so that it does not create any confusion for the
reader.
Do not repeat the test scenario, if needed use scenario outline to implement
repetition.
16
21. Cucumber
Develop a test step in a way that, it can be used within multiple scenarios and
scenario outlines.
As far as possible, keep each step completely independent. For example: “Given
the user is logged in”. This can be divided into two steps:
o Given the user enters the user name.
o Clicks on login.
17
22. Cucumber
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