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FILLING THE HOLE IN ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACT ASSESSMENTS: MINING COMPANIES,
ABORIGINAL PEOPLES AND IMPACT BENEFIT
AGREEMENTS IN CANADA
Nola Buhr
Edwards School of Business
University of Saskatchewan
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
CSEAR St. Andrew’s 2010
OUTLINE
 Where I am at in the project
 Aboriginal peoples in Canada
 Area of interest
 Environmental Impact Assessments
 Impact Benefit Agreements
 Research methodology
 Where is the accounting?
WHERE I AM AT IN THE PROJECT
 At the proposal stage…..
ABORIGINAL PEOPLES IN CANADA
 3 groups of Indigenous peoples in Canada: Indian,
Métis and Inuit
 First Nations (FN) people identified with a
community; nearly all have land base
 FN Communities governed by the Indian Act with
Chief and Band Council
 615 First Nations communities in Canada with more
than 50 nations/cultural groups
 Almost two thirds of these communities have fewer
than 500 residents
ABORIGINAL PEOPLES IN CANADA
 Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples 1996
identifies 4 stages
 Separate worlds (prior to 1500)
 Contact and cooperation (1500 to 1812)
 Displacement and assimilation (1812 to 1969)
 Negotiation and renewal (1969 onwards)
 History has resulted in a unique relationship
between Aboriginal peoples and Canada
AREA OF INTEREST
 Athabasca Working group
 2 uranium companies
 Cameco and Cogema
 The 3 FN communities of the Athabasca Basin
 Black Lake Denesuline First Nation
 Fond du Lac Denesuline First Nation
 Hatchet Lake Denesuline First Nation
 Along with Camsell Portage, Wollaston Lake,
Uranium City and Stony Rapids
AREA OF INTEREST
AREA OF INTEREST
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTS
 Evaluation of the natural, social and economic
impact of major projects
 Required by environmental legislation in Canada
since the 1970s
 Meant to include:
 Community consultation
 Impact mitigation
 Monitoring of actual impacts
 A license to operate
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTS
 What happens next….
 Need to compare actual impacts with hypothesized
impacts!
 Follow-up post “license granting” not done well!
IMPACT BENEFIT AGREEMENTS
 New institutional arrangements dealing with
environmental, social and economic outcomes
 Commitment to ensure positive socio-economic
benefits in addition to any negative impacts
 Contract a community and a company that provides
Aboriginal consent or support for a project to
proceed
 Also known as: participation agreements, benefits
agreements, supraregulatory agreements, benefits
sharing agreements
IMPACT BENEFIT AGREEMENTS
 Already a subject of study by the geography area
 For example: Masters thesis:
The Relationship between Environmental Agreements
and Environmental Impact Assessment Follow-up in
Saskatchewan’s Uranium Industry
by Jasmine Angie Birk
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
 Clearly a case study
 Focus on relationship between uranium mining
company Cameco (one of the world’s largest
uranium companies) and its stakeholders
 Use of public documents
 Open-ended interviews
WHERE IS THE ACCOUNTING?

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Csear 2010 buhr iba

  • 1. FILLING THE HOLE IN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTS: MINING COMPANIES, ABORIGINAL PEOPLES AND IMPACT BENEFIT AGREEMENTS IN CANADA Nola Buhr Edwards School of Business University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada CSEAR St. Andrew’s 2010
  • 2. OUTLINE  Where I am at in the project  Aboriginal peoples in Canada  Area of interest  Environmental Impact Assessments  Impact Benefit Agreements  Research methodology  Where is the accounting?
  • 3. WHERE I AM AT IN THE PROJECT  At the proposal stage…..
  • 4. ABORIGINAL PEOPLES IN CANADA  3 groups of Indigenous peoples in Canada: Indian, Métis and Inuit  First Nations (FN) people identified with a community; nearly all have land base  FN Communities governed by the Indian Act with Chief and Band Council  615 First Nations communities in Canada with more than 50 nations/cultural groups  Almost two thirds of these communities have fewer than 500 residents
  • 5. ABORIGINAL PEOPLES IN CANADA  Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples 1996 identifies 4 stages  Separate worlds (prior to 1500)  Contact and cooperation (1500 to 1812)  Displacement and assimilation (1812 to 1969)  Negotiation and renewal (1969 onwards)  History has resulted in a unique relationship between Aboriginal peoples and Canada
  • 6. AREA OF INTEREST  Athabasca Working group  2 uranium companies  Cameco and Cogema  The 3 FN communities of the Athabasca Basin  Black Lake Denesuline First Nation  Fond du Lac Denesuline First Nation  Hatchet Lake Denesuline First Nation  Along with Camsell Portage, Wollaston Lake, Uranium City and Stony Rapids
  • 9. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTS  Evaluation of the natural, social and economic impact of major projects  Required by environmental legislation in Canada since the 1970s  Meant to include:  Community consultation  Impact mitigation  Monitoring of actual impacts  A license to operate
  • 10. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTS  What happens next….  Need to compare actual impacts with hypothesized impacts!  Follow-up post “license granting” not done well!
  • 11. IMPACT BENEFIT AGREEMENTS  New institutional arrangements dealing with environmental, social and economic outcomes  Commitment to ensure positive socio-economic benefits in addition to any negative impacts  Contract a community and a company that provides Aboriginal consent or support for a project to proceed  Also known as: participation agreements, benefits agreements, supraregulatory agreements, benefits sharing agreements
  • 12. IMPACT BENEFIT AGREEMENTS  Already a subject of study by the geography area  For example: Masters thesis: The Relationship between Environmental Agreements and Environmental Impact Assessment Follow-up in Saskatchewan’s Uranium Industry by Jasmine Angie Birk
  • 13. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY  Clearly a case study  Focus on relationship between uranium mining company Cameco (one of the world’s largest uranium companies) and its stakeholders  Use of public documents  Open-ended interviews
  • 14. WHERE IS THE ACCOUNTING?