The document discusses situational awareness, cognitive skills, interpersonal skills, and their importance in leadership, decision making, communication, and maintaining awareness. It also discusses clues for identifying a loss of situational awareness such as failure to meet targets, undocumented procedures, and fatigue. Finally, it discusses encompassing inquiry and advocacy through opening statements, stating a concern, and suggesting a solution.

1. Interpersonal
Communication

2. Interpersonal
Communication
Leadership

3. Interpersonal
Communication
Leadership
Decision Making

5. Cognitive skills

6. Cognitive skills Interpersonal skills

7. Cognitive skills Interpersonal skills
mental processes

8. Cognitive skills Interpersonal skills
mental processes behavioral activities

9. Cognitive skills Interpersonal skills
mental processes behavioral activities
gaining and maintaining
Situational Awareness

10. Cognitive skills Interpersonal skills
mental processes behavioral activities
gaining and maintaining
Situational Awareness
solving problems

11. Cognitive skills Interpersonal skills
mental processes behavioral activities
gaining and maintaining
Situational Awareness
solving problems
making decisions

12. Cognitive skills Interpersonal skills
mental processes behavioral activities
gaining and maintaining associated with communications
Situational Awareness
solving problems
making decisions

13. Cognitive skills Interpersonal skills
mental processes behavioral activities
gaining and maintaining associated with communications
Situational Awareness
associated with teamwork
solving problems
making decisions

17. Situational Awareness in the Cockpit

18. Situational Awareness in the Cockpit

19. Situational Awareness in the Cockpit

20. CLUES TO IDENTIFYING:
• Loss of Situational Awareness
• Links in the Error Chain
1. FAILURE TO MEET TARGETS
OPERATIONAL
2. UNDOCUMENTED PROCEDURES
3. DEPARTURE FROM SOP
4. VIOLATING MINIMUMS OR LIMITATIONS
5. FAILURE TO MONITOR
6. COMMUNICATIONS
7. AMBIGUITY
8. UNRESOLVED DISCREPANCIES
HUAMN
9. PREOCCUPATION OR DISTRACTION
10. CONFUSION OR EMPTY FEELING
11. NEED TO HURRY / LAST MINUTE CHANGES
12. FATIGUE

21. CLUES TO IDENTIFYING:
• Loss of Situational Awareness
• Links in the Error Chain
1. FAILURE TO MEET TARGETS
OPERATIONAL
2. UNDOCUMENTED PROCEDURES
OBEY 3. DEPARTURE FROM SOP
4. VIOLATING MINIMUMS OR LIMITATIONS
5. FAILURE TO MONITOR
6. COMMUNICATIONS
7. AMBIGUITY
8. UNRESOLVED DISCREPANCIES
HUAMN
9. PREOCCUPATION OR DISTRACTION
10. CONFUSION OR EMPTY FEELING
11. NEED TO HURRY / LAST MINUTE CHANGES
12. FATIGUE

22. CLUES TO IDENTIFYING:
• Loss of Situational Awareness
• Links in the Error Chain
1. FAILURE TO MEET TARGETS
OPERATIONAL
2. UNDOCUMENTED PROCEDURES
OBEY 3. DEPARTURE FROM SOP
4. VIOLATING MINIMUMS OR LIMITATIONS
5. FAILURE TO MONITOR
6. COMMUNICATIONS
7. AMBIGUITY
8. UNRESOLVED DISCREPANCIES
HUAMN
SELF
AWARENESS 9. PREOCCUPATION OR DISTRACTION
10. CONFUSION OR EMPTY FEELING
11. NEED TO HURRY / LAST MINUTE CHANGES
12. FATIGUE

23. CLUES TO IDENTIFYING:
• Gain of Situational Awareness
• Links in the Error Chain
1. FAILURE TO MEET TARGETS
OPERATIONAL
2. UNDOCUMENTED PROCEDURES
OBEY 3. DEPARTURE FROM SOP
4. VIOLATING MINIMUMS OR LIMITATIONS
5. FAILURE TO MONITOR
6. COMMUNICATIONS
7. AMBIGUITY
8. UNRESOLVED DISCREPANCIES
HUAMN
SELF
AWARENESS 9. PREOCCUPATION OR DISTRACTION
10. CONFUSION OR EMPTY FEELING
11. NEED TO HURRY / LAST MINUTE CHANGES
12. FATIGUE

24. CLUES TO IDENTIFYING:
• Gain of Situational Awareness
• Links in the Error Chain
1. FAILURE TO MEET TARGETS
OPERATIONAL
2. UNDOCUMENTED PROCEDURES
OBEY 3. DEPARTURE FROM SOP
4. VIOLATING MINIMUMS OR LIMITATIONS
5. FAILURE TO MONITOR
6. COMMUNICATIONS
7. AMBIGUITY
8. UNRESOLVED DISCREPANCIES
HUAMN
SELF
AWARENESS 9. PREOCCUPATION OR DISTRACTION
10. CONFUSION OR EMPTY FEELING
11. NEED TO HURRY / LAST MINUTE CHANGES
12. FATIGUE

25. CLUES TO IDENTIFYING:
• Gain of Situational Awareness
• Links in the Error Chain
1. FAILURE TO MEET TARGETS
OPERATIONAL
2. UNDOCUMENTED PROCEDURES
OBEY 3. DEPARTURE FROM SOP
4. VIOLATING MINIMUMS OR LIMITATIONS
5. FAILURE TO MONITOR
6. COMMUNICATIONS
7. AMBIGUITY
8. UNRESOLVED DISCREPANCIES
HUAMN
SELF
AWARENESS 9. PREOCCUPATION OR DISTRACTION
10. CONFUSION OR EMPTY FEELING
11. NEED TO HURRY / LAST MINUTE CHANGES
12. FATIGUE

26. CLUES TO IDENTIFYING:
• Gain of Situational Awareness
• Links in the Error Chain
1. FAILURE TO MEET TARGETS
OPERATIONAL
2. UNDOCUMENTED PROCEDURES
OBEY 3. DEPARTURE FROM SOP
4. VIOLATING MINIMUMS OR LIMITATIONS
5. FAILURE TO MONITOR
6. COMMUNICATIONS
7. AMBIGUITY
8. UNRESOLVED DISCREPANCIES
HUAMN
SELF
AWARENESS 9. PREOCCUPATION OR DISTRACTION
10. CONFUSION OR EMPTY FEELING
11. NEED TO HURRY / LAST MINUTE CHANGES
12. FATIGUE

27. CLUES TO IDENTIFYING:
• Gain of Situational Awareness
• Links in the Error Chain
1. FAILURE TO MEET TARGETS
OPERATIONAL
2. UNDOCUMENTED PROCEDURES
OBEY 3. DEPARTURE FROM SOP
4. VIOLATING MINIMUMS OR LIMITATIONS
5. FAILURE TO MONITOR
6. COMMUNICATIONS
7. AMBIGUITY
8. UNRESOLVED DISCREPANCIES
HUAMN
SELF
AWARENESS 9. PREOCCUPATION OR DISTRACTION
10. CONFUSION OR EMPTY FEELING
11. NEED TO HURRY / LAST MINUTE CHANGES
12. FATIGUE

28. CLUES TO IDENTIFYING:
• Gain of Situational Awareness
• Links in the Error Chain
1. FAILURE TO MEET TARGETS
OPERATIONAL
2. UNDOCUMENTED PROCEDURES
OBEY 3. DEPARTURE FROM SOP
4. VIOLATING MINIMUMS OR LIMITATIONS
5. FAILURE TO MONITOR
6. COMMUNICATIONS
7. AMBIGUITY
8. UNRESOLVED DISCREPANCIES
HUAMN
SELF
AWARENESS 9. PREOCCUPATION OR DISTRACTION
10. CONFUSION OR EMPTY FEELING
11. NEED TO HURRY / LAST MINUTE CHANGES
12. FATIGUE

29. encompasses Inquiry and Advocacy

30. encompasses Inquiry and Advocacy
1. Opening / Attention getter

31. encompasses Inquiry and Advocacy
“Hey Chief”
1. Opening / Attention getter
“Captain Smith”
“Bob”

32. encompasses Inquiry and Advocacy
“Hey Chief”
1. Opening / Attention getter
“Captain Smith”
“Bob”
2. State your concern

33. encompasses Inquiry and Advocacy
“Hey Chief”
1. Opening / Attention getter
“Captain Smith”
“Bob”
2. State your concern “I’m concerned we may not have enough fuel to fly around
this storm system!”

34. encompasses Inquiry and Advocacy
“Hey Chief”
1. Opening / Attention getter
“Captain Smith”
“Bob”
2. State your concern “I’m concerned we may not have enough fuel to fly around
this storm system!”
3. State the problem as you see it

35. encompasses Inquiry and Advocacy
“Hey Chief”
1. Opening / Attention getter
“Captain Smith”
“Bob”
2. State your concern “I’m concerned we may not have enough fuel to fly around
this storm system!”
3. State the problem as you see it “We’re only showing 40min. of fuel left”

36. encompasses Inquiry and Advocacy
“Hey Chief”
1. Opening / Attention getter
“Captain Smith”
“Bob”
2. State your concern “I’m concerned we may not have enough fuel to fly around
this storm system!”
3. State the problem as you see it “We’re only showing 40min. of fuel left”
4. State a solution

37. encompasses Inquiry and Advocacy
“Hey Chief”
1. Opening / Attention getter
“Captain Smith”
“Bob”
2. State your concern “I’m concerned we may not have enough fuel to fly around
this storm system!”
3. State the problem as you see it “We’re only showing 40min. of fuel left”
4. State a solution “Let’s divert to another airport and refuel”

38. encompasses Inquiry and Advocacy
“Hey Chief”
1. Opening / Attention getter
“Captain Smith”
“Bob”
2. State your concern “I’m concerned we may not have enough fuel to fly around
this storm system!”
3. State the problem as you see it “We’re only showing 40min. of fuel left”
4. State a solution “Let’s divert to another airport and refuel”
5. Obtain agreement (or buy-in)

39. encompasses Inquiry and Advocacy
“Hey Chief”
1. Opening / Attention getter
“Captain Smith”
“Bob”
2. State your concern “I’m concerned we may not have enough fuel to fly around
this storm system!”
3. State the problem as you see it “We’re only showing 40min. of fuel left”
4. State a solution “Let’s divert to another airport and refuel”
5. Obtain agreement (or buy-in) “Does that sound good to you Captain?”

41. Have a
plan!

42. Have a
plan!
No
secret
plans!

43. Have a
plan!
No
secret
plans!
No hi-jacking
the cockpit

44. Abnormals / Emergency

45. Abnormals / Emergency
• Fly the Airplane !!

46. Abnormals / Emergency
• Fly the Airplane !! FMAs, AP, and AT

47. Abnormals / Emergency
• Fly the Airplane !! FMAs, AP, and AT
• Monitor the Airplane!

48. Abnormals / Emergency
• Fly the Airplane !! FMAs, AP, and AT
• Monitor the Airplane! Engage the autopilot

49. Abnormals / Emergency
• Fly the Airplane !! FMAs, AP, and AT
• Monitor the Airplane! Engage the autopilot
Silence

50. Abnormals / Emergency
• Fly the Airplane !! FMAs, AP, and AT
• Monitor the Airplane! Engage the autopilot
Silence Synoptic

51. Abnormals / Emergency
• Fly the Airplane !! FMAs, AP, and AT
• Monitor the Airplane! Engage the autopilot
Silence Synoptic Discuss

52. Abnormals / Emergency
• Fly the Airplane !! FMAs, AP, and AT
• Monitor the Airplane! Engage the autopilot
Silence Synoptic Discuss Decide

53. Silence Synoptic Discuss Decide
Have a
plan!
No
secret
plans!
No hi-jacking
the cockpit
The End