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Interpersonal
Communication

  Leadership


Decision Making
Cognitive skills         Interpersonal skills
   mental processes          behavioral activities



gaining and maintaining   associated with communications
 Situational Awareness
                            associated with teamwork
   solving problems

   making decisions
Situational Awareness in the Cockpit
CLUES TO IDENTIFYING:
                    • Loss of Situational Awareness
                    • Links in the Error Chain
              1.   FAILURE TO MEET TARGETS
OPERATIONAL

              2.   UNDOCUMENTED PROCEDURES
              3.   DEPARTURE FROM SOP
              4.   VIOLATING MINIMUMS OR LIMITATIONS
              5.   FAILURE TO MONITOR
              6.   COMMUNICATIONS
              7.   AMBIGUITY
              8.   UNRESOLVED DISCREPANCIES
HUAMN




              9.   PREOCCUPATION OR DISTRACTION
              10. CONFUSION OR EMPTY FEELING
              11. NEED TO HURRY / LAST MINUTE CHANGES
              12. FATIGUE
CLUES TO IDENTIFYING:
                           • Loss of Situational Awareness
                           • Links in the Error Chain
                     1.   FAILURE TO MEET TARGETS
       OPERATIONAL

                     2.   UNDOCUMENTED PROCEDURES
OBEY                 3.   DEPARTURE FROM SOP
                     4.   VIOLATING MINIMUMS OR LIMITATIONS
                     5.   FAILURE TO MONITOR
                     6.   COMMUNICATIONS
                     7.   AMBIGUITY
                     8.   UNRESOLVED DISCREPANCIES
       HUAMN




                     9.   PREOCCUPATION OR DISTRACTION
                     10. CONFUSION OR EMPTY FEELING
                     11. NEED TO HURRY / LAST MINUTE CHANGES
                     12. FATIGUE
CLUES TO IDENTIFYING:
                                • Loss of Situational Awareness
                                • Links in the Error Chain
                          1.   FAILURE TO MEET TARGETS
            OPERATIONAL

                          2.   UNDOCUMENTED PROCEDURES
    OBEY                  3.   DEPARTURE FROM SOP
                          4.   VIOLATING MINIMUMS OR LIMITATIONS
                          5.   FAILURE TO MONITOR
                          6.   COMMUNICATIONS
                          7.   AMBIGUITY
                          8.   UNRESOLVED DISCREPANCIES
            HUAMN




  SELF
AWARENESS                 9.   PREOCCUPATION OR DISTRACTION
                          10. CONFUSION OR EMPTY FEELING
                          11. NEED TO HURRY / LAST MINUTE CHANGES
                          12. FATIGUE
CLUES TO IDENTIFYING:
                                • Gain of Situational Awareness
                                • Links in the Error Chain
                          1.   FAILURE TO MEET TARGETS
            OPERATIONAL

                          2.   UNDOCUMENTED PROCEDURES
    OBEY                  3.   DEPARTURE FROM SOP
                          4.   VIOLATING MINIMUMS OR LIMITATIONS
                          5.   FAILURE TO MONITOR
                          6.   COMMUNICATIONS
                          7.   AMBIGUITY
                          8.   UNRESOLVED DISCREPANCIES
            HUAMN




  SELF
AWARENESS                 9.   PREOCCUPATION OR DISTRACTION
                          10. CONFUSION OR EMPTY FEELING
                          11. NEED TO HURRY / LAST MINUTE CHANGES
                          12. FATIGUE
CLUES TO IDENTIFYING:
                                • Gain of Situational Awareness
                                • Links in the Error Chain
                          1.   FAILURE TO MEET TARGETS
            OPERATIONAL

                          2.   UNDOCUMENTED PROCEDURES
    OBEY                  3.   DEPARTURE FROM SOP
                          4.   VIOLATING MINIMUMS OR LIMITATIONS
                          5.   FAILURE TO MONITOR
                          6.   COMMUNICATIONS
                          7.   AMBIGUITY
                          8.   UNRESOLVED DISCREPANCIES
            HUAMN




  SELF
AWARENESS                 9.   PREOCCUPATION OR DISTRACTION
                          10. CONFUSION OR EMPTY FEELING
                          11. NEED TO HURRY / LAST MINUTE CHANGES
                          12. FATIGUE
CLUES TO IDENTIFYING:
                                • Gain of Situational Awareness
                                • Links in the Error Chain
                          1.   FAILURE TO MEET TARGETS
            OPERATIONAL

                          2.   UNDOCUMENTED PROCEDURES
    OBEY                  3.   DEPARTURE FROM SOP
                          4.   VIOLATING MINIMUMS OR LIMITATIONS
                          5.   FAILURE TO MONITOR
                          6.   COMMUNICATIONS
                          7.   AMBIGUITY
                          8.   UNRESOLVED DISCREPANCIES
            HUAMN




  SELF
AWARENESS                 9.   PREOCCUPATION OR DISTRACTION
                          10. CONFUSION OR EMPTY FEELING
                          11. NEED TO HURRY / LAST MINUTE CHANGES
                          12. FATIGUE
CLUES TO IDENTIFYING:
                                • Gain of Situational Awareness
                                • Links in the Error Chain
                          1.   FAILURE TO MEET TARGETS
            OPERATIONAL

                          2.   UNDOCUMENTED PROCEDURES
    OBEY                  3.   DEPARTURE FROM SOP
                          4.   VIOLATING MINIMUMS OR LIMITATIONS
                          5.   FAILURE TO MONITOR
                          6.   COMMUNICATIONS
                          7.   AMBIGUITY
                          8.   UNRESOLVED DISCREPANCIES
            HUAMN




  SELF
AWARENESS                 9.   PREOCCUPATION OR DISTRACTION
                          10. CONFUSION OR EMPTY FEELING
                          11. NEED TO HURRY / LAST MINUTE CHANGES
                          12. FATIGUE
CLUES TO IDENTIFYING:
                                • Gain of Situational Awareness
                                • Links in the Error Chain
                          1.   FAILURE TO MEET TARGETS
            OPERATIONAL

                          2.   UNDOCUMENTED PROCEDURES
    OBEY                  3.   DEPARTURE FROM SOP
                          4.   VIOLATING MINIMUMS OR LIMITATIONS
                          5.   FAILURE TO MONITOR
                          6.   COMMUNICATIONS
                          7.   AMBIGUITY
                          8.   UNRESOLVED DISCREPANCIES
            HUAMN




  SELF
AWARENESS                 9.   PREOCCUPATION OR DISTRACTION
                          10. CONFUSION OR EMPTY FEELING
                          11. NEED TO HURRY / LAST MINUTE CHANGES
                          12. FATIGUE
CLUES TO IDENTIFYING:
                                • Gain of Situational Awareness
                                • Links in the Error Chain
                          1.   FAILURE TO MEET TARGETS
            OPERATIONAL

                          2.   UNDOCUMENTED PROCEDURES
    OBEY                  3.   DEPARTURE FROM SOP
                          4.   VIOLATING MINIMUMS OR LIMITATIONS
                          5.   FAILURE TO MONITOR
                          6.   COMMUNICATIONS
                          7.   AMBIGUITY
                          8.   UNRESOLVED DISCREPANCIES
            HUAMN




  SELF
AWARENESS                 9.   PREOCCUPATION OR DISTRACTION
                          10. CONFUSION OR EMPTY FEELING
                          11. NEED TO HURRY / LAST MINUTE CHANGES
                          12. FATIGUE
encompasses Inquiry and Advocacy



                                     “Hey Chief”
1. Opening / Attention getter
                                          “Captain Smith”
                                                     “Bob”

2. State your concern “I’m concerned we may not have enough fuel to fly around
                       this storm system!”

3. State the problem as you see it “We’re only showing 40min. of fuel left”


4. State a solution    “Let’s divert to another airport and refuel”


5. Obtain agreement (or buy-in)       “Does that sound good to you Captain?”
Have a
         plan!


 No
secret
plans!
            No hi-jacking
             the cockpit
Abnormals / Emergency
• Fly the Airplane !!     FMAs, AP, and AT

• Monitor the Airplane!   Engage the autopilot




 Silence          Synoptic      Discuss          Decide
Silence   Synoptic   Discuss   Decide


         Have a
         plan!


 No
secret
plans!
            No hi-jacking
             the cockpit

                                                       The End

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CRM for Pilots

  • 2. Cognitive skills Interpersonal skills mental processes behavioral activities gaining and maintaining associated with communications Situational Awareness associated with teamwork solving problems making decisions
  • 3.
  • 5. CLUES TO IDENTIFYING: • Loss of Situational Awareness • Links in the Error Chain 1. FAILURE TO MEET TARGETS OPERATIONAL 2. UNDOCUMENTED PROCEDURES 3. DEPARTURE FROM SOP 4. VIOLATING MINIMUMS OR LIMITATIONS 5. FAILURE TO MONITOR 6. COMMUNICATIONS 7. AMBIGUITY 8. UNRESOLVED DISCREPANCIES HUAMN 9. PREOCCUPATION OR DISTRACTION 10. CONFUSION OR EMPTY FEELING 11. NEED TO HURRY / LAST MINUTE CHANGES 12. FATIGUE
  • 6. CLUES TO IDENTIFYING: • Loss of Situational Awareness • Links in the Error Chain 1. FAILURE TO MEET TARGETS OPERATIONAL 2. UNDOCUMENTED PROCEDURES OBEY 3. DEPARTURE FROM SOP 4. VIOLATING MINIMUMS OR LIMITATIONS 5. FAILURE TO MONITOR 6. COMMUNICATIONS 7. AMBIGUITY 8. UNRESOLVED DISCREPANCIES HUAMN 9. PREOCCUPATION OR DISTRACTION 10. CONFUSION OR EMPTY FEELING 11. NEED TO HURRY / LAST MINUTE CHANGES 12. FATIGUE
  • 7. CLUES TO IDENTIFYING: • Loss of Situational Awareness • Links in the Error Chain 1. FAILURE TO MEET TARGETS OPERATIONAL 2. UNDOCUMENTED PROCEDURES OBEY 3. DEPARTURE FROM SOP 4. VIOLATING MINIMUMS OR LIMITATIONS 5. FAILURE TO MONITOR 6. COMMUNICATIONS 7. AMBIGUITY 8. UNRESOLVED DISCREPANCIES HUAMN SELF AWARENESS 9. PREOCCUPATION OR DISTRACTION 10. CONFUSION OR EMPTY FEELING 11. NEED TO HURRY / LAST MINUTE CHANGES 12. FATIGUE
  • 8. CLUES TO IDENTIFYING: • Gain of Situational Awareness • Links in the Error Chain 1. FAILURE TO MEET TARGETS OPERATIONAL 2. UNDOCUMENTED PROCEDURES OBEY 3. DEPARTURE FROM SOP 4. VIOLATING MINIMUMS OR LIMITATIONS 5. FAILURE TO MONITOR 6. COMMUNICATIONS 7. AMBIGUITY 8. UNRESOLVED DISCREPANCIES HUAMN SELF AWARENESS 9. PREOCCUPATION OR DISTRACTION 10. CONFUSION OR EMPTY FEELING 11. NEED TO HURRY / LAST MINUTE CHANGES 12. FATIGUE
  • 9. CLUES TO IDENTIFYING: • Gain of Situational Awareness • Links in the Error Chain 1. FAILURE TO MEET TARGETS OPERATIONAL 2. UNDOCUMENTED PROCEDURES OBEY 3. DEPARTURE FROM SOP 4. VIOLATING MINIMUMS OR LIMITATIONS 5. FAILURE TO MONITOR 6. COMMUNICATIONS 7. AMBIGUITY 8. UNRESOLVED DISCREPANCIES HUAMN SELF AWARENESS 9. PREOCCUPATION OR DISTRACTION 10. CONFUSION OR EMPTY FEELING 11. NEED TO HURRY / LAST MINUTE CHANGES 12. FATIGUE
  • 10. CLUES TO IDENTIFYING: • Gain of Situational Awareness • Links in the Error Chain 1. FAILURE TO MEET TARGETS OPERATIONAL 2. UNDOCUMENTED PROCEDURES OBEY 3. DEPARTURE FROM SOP 4. VIOLATING MINIMUMS OR LIMITATIONS 5. FAILURE TO MONITOR 6. COMMUNICATIONS 7. AMBIGUITY 8. UNRESOLVED DISCREPANCIES HUAMN SELF AWARENESS 9. PREOCCUPATION OR DISTRACTION 10. CONFUSION OR EMPTY FEELING 11. NEED TO HURRY / LAST MINUTE CHANGES 12. FATIGUE
  • 11. CLUES TO IDENTIFYING: • Gain of Situational Awareness • Links in the Error Chain 1. FAILURE TO MEET TARGETS OPERATIONAL 2. UNDOCUMENTED PROCEDURES OBEY 3. DEPARTURE FROM SOP 4. VIOLATING MINIMUMS OR LIMITATIONS 5. FAILURE TO MONITOR 6. COMMUNICATIONS 7. AMBIGUITY 8. UNRESOLVED DISCREPANCIES HUAMN SELF AWARENESS 9. PREOCCUPATION OR DISTRACTION 10. CONFUSION OR EMPTY FEELING 11. NEED TO HURRY / LAST MINUTE CHANGES 12. FATIGUE
  • 12. CLUES TO IDENTIFYING: • Gain of Situational Awareness • Links in the Error Chain 1. FAILURE TO MEET TARGETS OPERATIONAL 2. UNDOCUMENTED PROCEDURES OBEY 3. DEPARTURE FROM SOP 4. VIOLATING MINIMUMS OR LIMITATIONS 5. FAILURE TO MONITOR 6. COMMUNICATIONS 7. AMBIGUITY 8. UNRESOLVED DISCREPANCIES HUAMN SELF AWARENESS 9. PREOCCUPATION OR DISTRACTION 10. CONFUSION OR EMPTY FEELING 11. NEED TO HURRY / LAST MINUTE CHANGES 12. FATIGUE
  • 13. CLUES TO IDENTIFYING: • Gain of Situational Awareness • Links in the Error Chain 1. FAILURE TO MEET TARGETS OPERATIONAL 2. UNDOCUMENTED PROCEDURES OBEY 3. DEPARTURE FROM SOP 4. VIOLATING MINIMUMS OR LIMITATIONS 5. FAILURE TO MONITOR 6. COMMUNICATIONS 7. AMBIGUITY 8. UNRESOLVED DISCREPANCIES HUAMN SELF AWARENESS 9. PREOCCUPATION OR DISTRACTION 10. CONFUSION OR EMPTY FEELING 11. NEED TO HURRY / LAST MINUTE CHANGES 12. FATIGUE
  • 14. encompasses Inquiry and Advocacy “Hey Chief” 1. Opening / Attention getter “Captain Smith” “Bob” 2. State your concern “I’m concerned we may not have enough fuel to fly around this storm system!” 3. State the problem as you see it “We’re only showing 40min. of fuel left” 4. State a solution “Let’s divert to another airport and refuel” 5. Obtain agreement (or buy-in) “Does that sound good to you Captain?”
  • 15. Have a plan! No secret plans! No hi-jacking the cockpit
  • 16. Abnormals / Emergency • Fly the Airplane !! FMAs, AP, and AT • Monitor the Airplane! Engage the autopilot Silence Synoptic Discuss Decide
  • 17. Silence Synoptic Discuss Decide Have a plan! No secret plans! No hi-jacking the cockpit The End