This document discusses different types of claims, evidence, and reasoning used in critical thinking. It outlines claims of fact, value, and policy and different types of evidence like statistical, testimonial, and common knowledge. It also covers inductive reasoning to create generalizations, deductive reasoning to apply them, and logical fallacies to avoid in reasoning. Decision making can be influenced voluntarily through credible sources and peers or involuntarily through visual stimuli and suggestiveness. Problem solving, verbal ability, and social competence are also mentioned.