Critical Review of Published Articles
According to the syllabus, MGMT 650 students are
… required to complete a critical review of one research orientated journal article. The article will be selected by the student with approval of the instructor from peer-reviewed journals in an area of interest to the student. The article reviewed will use descriptive statistics that the student has been exposed to in the first 4 - 6 weeks of this course. Students will choose articles to review from UMUC’s library resources.
For the article, students may select a topic of their interest. The empirical research article, “Academic procrastination and statistics anxiety” used for Sessions 1 and 2 Discussion assignments (see Conferences section), is an example of a descriptive statistical research article. In addition, the students are encouraged to use UMUC’s Library to locate an empirical research article. Finally, the instructor of the course must approve the article. Students should upload the pdf version of the article in the Workbook section of the online class.
Empirical Research Articles
If you never read an empirical research article, the following web sites will help you to understand the difference between a primary empirical research article and a secondary article:
1. http://www.nsu.edu/library/pdf/EmpiricalResearch.pdf
2. http://www.up.edu/showimage/show.aspx?file=12944
APA Writing Style
To help with the organization of the critique information in the 5- to 7-page report, the students are required to use APA format 6th edition with headings and subheadings.
Critique Report Format
The critique report format was adapted from the University of Michigan web site: http://open.umich.edu/sites/default/files/Topic8Assignment-CritiqueArticle.pdf.
1. Title page, which includes (a) title of the empirical research article and author’s name(s), (b) your name, (c) Turnitin reliability index score, (d) running head with continuous page numbers, and (e) date. The title page does not count towards the 5- to 7-pages for the critique report.
2. Problem statement and purpose (Answer the following questions; however, do not write the questions in the report.) In addition, from the empirical research report, include the page number(s) to answers the questions:
a. What were the purpose and/or problem of the research study?
b. What are the independent and dependent variables of the study? Correctly, identify the independent and dependent variables.
3. Review of literature and theoretical framework (Answer the following questions; however, do not write the questions in the report.) In addition, from the empirical research report, include the page number(s) to answers the questions:
a. What concepts/theories are included in the review? Please explain them.
b. Did the author discuss the independent and dependent variables? If so, provide examples from the literature review.
4. Hypotheses and/or research questions (Answer the following questions; however, do not wr.
The document provides templates for critiquing quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods research studies. The quantitative template includes sections for evaluating the research problem, hypotheses, literature review, theoretical framework, population and sampling, measurement instruments, data collection and analysis, results, discussion, limitations, implications, and recommendations. The qualitative template contains similar sections tailored for qualitative research, and the mixed methods template combines both quantitative and qualitative elements. The templates are intended to help nurses critically evaluate research to inform their practice.
Discussion Board Forum Grading RubricCriteriaPoints Possible .docxelinoraudley582231
Discussion Board Forum Grading Rubric
Criteria
Points Possible
Points Earned
Thread – Key Components
0 to 5 points
All key components of the 3 Discussion Board Forum research questions are answered in the thread.
Thread – Major Points
0 to 6 points
Major points are supported by the following:
· Reading & Study materials;
· Pertinent, conceptual, or personal examples;
· Thoughtful analysis (considering assumptions, analyzing implications, and comparing/contrasting concepts);
· Two peer-reviewed sources in current APA format; and
· One biblical integration.
Thread – Spelling and Grammar
0 to 2 points
Proper spelling and grammar are used.
Thread – Communication
0 to 2 points
· Required word count (500–750 words) is met.
· Communication follows Student Expectations.
Replies – Major Points
0 to 4 points
Major points are supported by the following:
· Reading & Study materials;
· Pertinent, conceptual, or personal examples;
· Thoughtful analysis (considering assumptions, analyzing implications, and comparing/contrasting concepts); and
· Citations in current APA format.
Replies – Netiquette
0 to 1 points
Appropriate “netiquette” manners used. (For example, no name calling or labeling another student’s idea a derogatory term, such as “stupid” or “dumb,” even when disagreeing. See Student Expectations.)
Replies – Clarity and Biblical Principles/ Experience
0 to 3 points
Clarity is brought to issues being discussed, and each reply relates issues to biblical principles and experience.
Replies – Spelling and Grammar
0 to 1 points
Proper spelling and grammar are used.
Replies – Communication
0 to 1 points
· Required word count (450–600 words each) for 2 replies is met.
· Two peer-reviewed sources included.
· One biblical integration included.
· Communication follows Student Expectations.
Total
Instructor’s Comments:
DUE 11/6/2017 10 P.M EST
THIS IS A 4 PART HIV SPSS PROJECT. ATTACHED IS THE PREVIOUS PARTS. PLEASE READ IT ALL. WHEN YOU GENERATE IT, I’M SURE IT WILL BE A LITTLE DIFFERENT BUT THAT’S O.K.. THE ANALYSIS IS ALSO ATTACHED.
For your Final Project submission, you have the opportunity to share the significance of your results in the practice of public health. With your disease and data in mind, integrate instructor and peer feedback you have received throughout the course, in completing your statistical analyses.
The Assignment: (7 PAGES)
· Section I: Introduction (3 pages)
· Brief description of your identified disease
· Summary of other studies that directly relate to your identified disease outcome (Note: This is essentially the Literature Review you submitted in Week 6. There is no need to include the Annotated Bibliography as well since it was developed into your Literature Review.)
· Statement of the Problem/Research question
· Written statements for both your null and alternative/research hypothesis
· Brief description of the significance of why this disease is important for examination
·
· Section II: Methodology (1 page)
· B.
Running head RESEARCH CRITIQUE & PICOT - FINAL 16RE.docxtodd521
Running head: RESEARCH CRITIQUE & PICOT - FINAL 1
6
RESEARCH CRITIQUE & PICOT
Research Critique & PICOT Statement – Final Draft
Student’s Name
NRS-433V Introduction to Nursing Research
Grand Canyon University
Due Date
Research Critique & PICOT Statement - Final Draft
Give a brief introduction of this paper as it is the final draft. In this section include the names of the studies that were critiqued in the qualitative and quantitative sections below with the cited reference after the name of each study. The graded assignments from weeks one, two and three should be the basis for this assignment. The corrections made for all sections of those assignments according to the instructor’s comments should be clearly present. Do not include the instructor’s comments. Just make the corrections and put them in the proper places noted by the headings below. Throughout this paper, you should use spell check and grammar check always. Speak in the active voice and not a passive voice. Support statements with references. Use citations in all sections when references are made to the study or studies used in this paper. (Keep the word count between 1500 and 1750 words. Going outside of the word count will cause a 10% deduction of total points.)
Nursing Practice Problem and PICOT Statement
Nursing Practice Problem
State the practice problem that is relevant to nursing. This should be an extension of the PICOT question that was in the introduction of the literature Search on Week 1 of this class. The PICOT question should support the nursing practice problem with current research. Be clear, concise and relate the problem to nursing practice. State how current research supports this problem. Describe the relevant details and explain how the PICOT statement is linked or related to nursing practice. Current research must be used to show how the PICOT supports the nursing practice problem.
PICOT Statement
State the PICOT statement in a question. State the PICOT question using the format noted in the article on “EBP- Step-by-Step- Asking the Clinical Question: A Key Step in Evidence-Based Practice” by Stillwell, Fineout-Overhold & Melnyk (2010) found with the template for this assignment. Discuss the link betweenthe PICOT question, the nursing practice problem & evidence-based practice change how they are connected to relevant details supporting explanation.
Qualitative Study
Background of Study
Keep this section to just the criteria of the qualitative study. The clinical and research problem of the study, significance of the study, purpose of the study and main research question or hypothesis should be described briefly in this section.
Methods of Study
What qualitative methods were used to answer the research question stated above? Were there quantitative and qualitative studies of the literature review relevant to the focus of the study that were cited by the author? Were the references current? Were there weaknesses of the available studies us.
The purpose of this initial paper is to briefly describe your sear.docxhelen23456789
The purpose of this initial paper is to briefly describe your search strategies when identifying two articles that pertain to an evidence-based practice topic of interest. Mine is on Avoiding Hospital Readmissions. I will be focusing as an individual on examining the sources of knowledge that contribute to professional nursing practice qualitative or quantitative design? Apply research principles to the interpretation of the content of published research studies. "What is the number of trends in 30-day post-discharge mortality among beneficiaries after the implementation of HRRP -- period 3 and 4, for mortality rate in myocardial infarctions?" (Wadhera, et al., 2018)
Clinical Question:
A. Describe problem
b. Significance of problem in terms of outcomes or statistics
c. Your PICOT question in support of the group topic
d. Purpose of your paper
B. Levels of Evidence
a. Type of question asked
b. Best evidence found to answer question
C. Search Strategy
a. Search terms
b. Databases used (you may use Google Scholar in addition to the library databases; start with the Library)
c. Refinement decisions made
d. Identification of two most relevant articles
D. Format
a. Correct grammar and spelling
b. Use of headings for each section
c. Use of APA format (sixth edition)
d. Page length: three to four pages
Clinical Question
45 points 28%1. Problem is described. What is the focus of your group’s work? 2. Significance of the problem is described. What health outcomes result from your problem? Or what statistics document this is a problem? You may find support on websites for government or professional organizations. 3. What is your PICOT question? 4. Purpose of your paper. What will your paper do or describe? This is similar to a problem statement. “The purpose of this paper is to . . .”
Levels of Evidence
20 points 13% 1. What type of question are you asking (therapy, prognosis, meaning, etc.)? 2. What is the best type of evidence to be found to answer that question (e.g., RCT, cohort study, qualitative study)?
Search Strategy
65 points 41% 1. Search topic(s) provided. What did you use for search terms? 2. What database(s) did you use? Link your search with the PICOT question described above. 3. As you did your search, what decisions did you make in refinement to get your required articles down to a reasonable number for review? Were any limits used? If so, what? 4. Identify the two most relevant and helpful articles that will provide guidance for your next paper and the group’s work. Why were these two selected?
Format
30 points 18% 1. Correct grammar and spelling 2. Use of headings for each section: Clinical Question, Level of Evidence, Search Strategy, Conclusion 3. APA format (sixth ed.) 4. Paper length: three to four pages
Total worth 160 points
DIRECTIONS AND ASSIGNMENT CRITERIA Assign ment Criteria Points % Description Clinical Question 45
28 1. Problem is described. What is the focus of your group’s work.
Final ExamFocus of the Final ExamThe purpose of the Final .docxssuser454af01
Final Exam
Focus of the Final Exam
The purpose of the Final Exam is to assess your understanding of the main statistical concepts covered in this course and to evaluate your ability to critically review a quantitative research article. The exam will consist of two parts: Part I includes three essay questions and Part II includes a research critique. All of your responses should be included in a single Word document for submission.
Please include the following general headings for each section of the written exam within your Word document:
Part I: Essay Questions
Essay 1
Essay 2
Essay 3
Part II: Research Study Critique
Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
Your complete Word document must include a title page with the following:
Student’s name
Course name and number
Instructor’s name
Date submitted
Part I: Essay Questions
There are three essay questions in this section. You must answer all three questions. The length of each essay should be one to two double-spaced pages (excluding title and reference pages). Use 12-point font and format your paper with regular 1-inch margins. Do not include the essay prompt in your document. It will not count toward the length requirement for your essays.
Essay 1
A group of researchers conducted an experiment to determine which vaccine is more effective for preventing getting the flu. They tested two different types of vaccines: a shot and a nasal spray. To test the effectiveness, 1000 participants were randomly selected with 500 people getting the shot and 500 the nasal spray. Of the 500 people were treated with the shot, 80 developed the flu and 420 did not. Of the people who were treated with the nasal spray, 120 people developed the flu and 380 did not. The level of significance was set at .05. The proportion of people who were treated with the shot who developed the flu = .16, and the proportion of the people who were treated with the nasal spray was .24. The calculated p value = .0008.
For this essay, describe the statistical approaches (e.g., identify the hypotheses and research methods) used in this excerpt from a research study. Interpret the statistical results and examine the limitations of the statistical methods. Finally, evaluate the research study as a whole and apply what you have learned about hypothesis testing and inferential statistics by discussing how you might conduct a follow-up study.
Your essay must address the following points:
Describe the research question for this experiment.
What were the null and alternative hypotheses?
Were the results of this test statistically significant?
If so, why were they significant?
Would the researchers reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis?
Do the results provide sufficient evidence to support the alternative hypothesis?
Was the sample appropriate for this study? Explain your answer.
What are some possible limitations to this study?
Discuss how you would conduct a follow up study to this one. Explain your answe ...
IHP 525 Final Project Article Review Guidelines and Rubric MalikPinckney86
IHP 525 Final Project Article Review Guidelines and Rubric
Overview
There are two final projects in this course. One is an article review and the other is a data analysis.
Regardless of their field of interest, health professionals across disciplines need to be able to analyze and use biostatistical data to address health concerns
among the populations they serve. They need to be able to identify trends, draw conclusions, and make recommendations for improving health outcomes based
on solid evidence. It is also important that they are able to communicate that information effectively to those directly or indirectly impacted. They also need to
understand what others are doing in their field, the strengths and limitations of that work, and how it affects their own organization, even if they do not intend
to become statisticians.
The two summative assessments for this course lay the foundation for these critical skills. Final Project Article Review asks you to evaluate the strengths and
limitations of existing biostatistical articles and to identify the selection process of appropriate methodologies in different contexts (Final Project Article Review).
You will present your analysis through a written executive summary geared toward an audience of fellow health professionals. In the Final Project Data Analysis,
you will calculate descriptive and inferential statistics of a small data set. You will explain the basic parameters of the data, graph it, and run simple hypothesis
tests. You will present your analysis in a statistical report geared toward a non-technical audience, draw conclusions, and make recommendations for further
research.
For your Final Project Article Review, you will review and analyze published research that you might encounter as a health professional. You will select two
journal articles from the provided list on a topic of interest. You will create an article review that identifies the articles and their relevance to your field;
summarizes the articles, including their findings; compares and contrasts the statistical methods used in the articles; explains why the methods used were
appropriate; discusses their limitations; and concludes with recommendations for future work.
Final Project Article Review is divided into three journals, which will be submitted at various points throughout the course to scaffold learning and ensure quality
final submissions. These article journals will be submitted in Modules Two, Five, and Six. The completed article review will be submitted in Module Eight.
In this assignment, you will demonstrate your mastery of the following course outcomes:
● Analyze the role of biostatistics for its impact on professional decision making in the public health, nursing, or health science fields
● Interpret key biostatistical metrics, methods, and data for addressing population-based health problems
● Evaluate the quality and limitations of published public health, nurs ...
M2-assaignmentBased on the feedback you received on your submiss.docxsmile790243
M2-assaignment
Based on the feedback you received on your submission from last week, submit a revised draft of your paper with this additional information:
1. Five additional references that could be used for your research paper and include a 1-2 sentence description for each of the five additional references, explaining how they fit with the research topic and the research question proposed. Make sure that these references come from scholarly sources using Argosy's library resources.
2. A very detailed outline of what you would like to cover in the intro/lit review of your paper. Write it as an outline and think about what you want each paragraph or section to cover. Paste your references into each section where the information from that article applies to the topic. Below is an example of the outline although the references have not been pasted in yet:
a. Introduction or Statement of the Problem (e.g. Predictors of Depression in Men)
i. Research question (E.g. What factors predict depression in men? For example, age, marital status, family history, stressors).
ii. Why is it important/implications (E.g. xx% of men are depressed; less likely to seek treatment; if we can identify who is at risk, may be able to direct them to treatment sooner)
iii. Revised hypothesis based on feedback from the instructor
b. Review of the Literature (the following is an example for above topic):
i. Brief description of depression, symptoms, and any unique symptoms for men (Cite articles from which you will obtain this information).
ii. How widespread is it? Stats on depression in general but also stats on depression in men (Cite articles from which you will obtain this information).
iii. List factors that put men at risk for depression (Cite articles).
1. Difficulty communicating distress or sadness (Cite articles).
2. Job/work pressures (Cite articles).
iv. Demographic characteristics (Cite articles).
1. Relationship between age and depression (Cite articles).
2. Relationship between marital status and depression (Cite articles).
3. A 1-2 page description of the sample you would like to use for your study, that provides the answer to the following questions:
a. What sampling technique would you use?
b. Does the sample generalize to the population? Explain why or why not.
c. What inclusion criteria would be used? What exclusion criteria would be used, if any?
d. What ethical issues might be encountered when collecting your information from this sample?
4. Be sure to also submit all your ten references (the five from last week and the five new ones you added) in an APA-style reference page. Be sure to also include an APA-style title page with your submission. Your paper should be at least 2-3 pages long. Make sure you write in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrate ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources; display accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation.
M3-assaignment
In your final paper for this course, you w ...
For this assignment you willwrite a paper using TOPIC 1 QUANTITAT.docxtemplestewart19
For this assignment you willwrite a paper using TOPIC 1: QUANTITATIVERESEARCH &TOPIC 2:QUALITATIVE RESEARCH. Do not worry about the word count as this is not part of the grading criteria for this assignment. Below is a template of how the paper should be setup. This paper will be in APA format. In the template below I am providing a sample of the headers that should be used in APA format to organize your paper. I would highly recommend using them in your paper.
The introduction should introduce the paper. The intro would also include your thesis statement. The thesis tells the reader what will be discussed in the rest of the paper. This section should be in first paragraphs.
PICOT Statement
Revise the PICOT statement you wrote - PICOT Statements: (1). Changes in leisure time physical activity preference and development of hypertension were significantly correlated, especially among urban Chinese. Hypertension prevention programs may identify the groups at elevated risk by examining levels and changes of LTPA preferences. (2). Hypertension is a major health concern that leads to many complications besides the heart attack, heart failure and other related issues. Therefore, this study will help in studying the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) so as to arrive at the solutions. The study will aim at answering the question, how to treat to lower systolic blood pressure. (3). There are several reasons that contributed to non-adherence to treatment in hypertensive patients. Diversity of these reasons is an indication that design and implementation of different kinds of interventions are required in order to increase the patients' awareness, empower them and encourage self-efficacy.” Based on these provide justification of the problem and supporting evidence from multiple resources to justify why this is a problem. This section should be 1-2 paragraphs.
Research Critiques
Use the research critiques to complete this assignment that has both qualitative and quantitative.
Qualitative Studies
Background of the study. Answer the following questions in narrative form regarding the qualitative studies in this section.
· Identify the clinical problem and research problem that led to the study. What was not known about the clinical problem that, if understood, could be used to improve health care delivery or patient outcomes? This gap in knowledge is the research problem.
· How did the author establish the significance of the study? In other words, why should the reader care about this study? Look for statements about human suffering, costs of treatment, or the number of people affected by the clinical problem.
· Identify the purpose of the study. An author may clearly state the purpose of the study or may describe the purpose as the study goals, objectives, or aims.
· List research questions that the study was designed to answer. If the author does not explicitly provide the questions, attempt to infer the questions from the answers.
.
The document provides templates for critiquing quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods research studies. The quantitative template includes sections for evaluating the research problem, hypotheses, literature review, theoretical framework, population and sampling, measurement instruments, data collection and analysis, results, discussion, limitations, implications, and recommendations. The qualitative template contains similar sections tailored for qualitative research, and the mixed methods template combines both quantitative and qualitative elements. The templates are intended to help nurses critically evaluate research to inform their practice.
Discussion Board Forum Grading RubricCriteriaPoints Possible .docxelinoraudley582231
Discussion Board Forum Grading Rubric
Criteria
Points Possible
Points Earned
Thread – Key Components
0 to 5 points
All key components of the 3 Discussion Board Forum research questions are answered in the thread.
Thread – Major Points
0 to 6 points
Major points are supported by the following:
· Reading & Study materials;
· Pertinent, conceptual, or personal examples;
· Thoughtful analysis (considering assumptions, analyzing implications, and comparing/contrasting concepts);
· Two peer-reviewed sources in current APA format; and
· One biblical integration.
Thread – Spelling and Grammar
0 to 2 points
Proper spelling and grammar are used.
Thread – Communication
0 to 2 points
· Required word count (500–750 words) is met.
· Communication follows Student Expectations.
Replies – Major Points
0 to 4 points
Major points are supported by the following:
· Reading & Study materials;
· Pertinent, conceptual, or personal examples;
· Thoughtful analysis (considering assumptions, analyzing implications, and comparing/contrasting concepts); and
· Citations in current APA format.
Replies – Netiquette
0 to 1 points
Appropriate “netiquette” manners used. (For example, no name calling or labeling another student’s idea a derogatory term, such as “stupid” or “dumb,” even when disagreeing. See Student Expectations.)
Replies – Clarity and Biblical Principles/ Experience
0 to 3 points
Clarity is brought to issues being discussed, and each reply relates issues to biblical principles and experience.
Replies – Spelling and Grammar
0 to 1 points
Proper spelling and grammar are used.
Replies – Communication
0 to 1 points
· Required word count (450–600 words each) for 2 replies is met.
· Two peer-reviewed sources included.
· One biblical integration included.
· Communication follows Student Expectations.
Total
Instructor’s Comments:
DUE 11/6/2017 10 P.M EST
THIS IS A 4 PART HIV SPSS PROJECT. ATTACHED IS THE PREVIOUS PARTS. PLEASE READ IT ALL. WHEN YOU GENERATE IT, I’M SURE IT WILL BE A LITTLE DIFFERENT BUT THAT’S O.K.. THE ANALYSIS IS ALSO ATTACHED.
For your Final Project submission, you have the opportunity to share the significance of your results in the practice of public health. With your disease and data in mind, integrate instructor and peer feedback you have received throughout the course, in completing your statistical analyses.
The Assignment: (7 PAGES)
· Section I: Introduction (3 pages)
· Brief description of your identified disease
· Summary of other studies that directly relate to your identified disease outcome (Note: This is essentially the Literature Review you submitted in Week 6. There is no need to include the Annotated Bibliography as well since it was developed into your Literature Review.)
· Statement of the Problem/Research question
· Written statements for both your null and alternative/research hypothesis
· Brief description of the significance of why this disease is important for examination
·
· Section II: Methodology (1 page)
· B.
Running head RESEARCH CRITIQUE & PICOT - FINAL 16RE.docxtodd521
Running head: RESEARCH CRITIQUE & PICOT - FINAL 1
6
RESEARCH CRITIQUE & PICOT
Research Critique & PICOT Statement – Final Draft
Student’s Name
NRS-433V Introduction to Nursing Research
Grand Canyon University
Due Date
Research Critique & PICOT Statement - Final Draft
Give a brief introduction of this paper as it is the final draft. In this section include the names of the studies that were critiqued in the qualitative and quantitative sections below with the cited reference after the name of each study. The graded assignments from weeks one, two and three should be the basis for this assignment. The corrections made for all sections of those assignments according to the instructor’s comments should be clearly present. Do not include the instructor’s comments. Just make the corrections and put them in the proper places noted by the headings below. Throughout this paper, you should use spell check and grammar check always. Speak in the active voice and not a passive voice. Support statements with references. Use citations in all sections when references are made to the study or studies used in this paper. (Keep the word count between 1500 and 1750 words. Going outside of the word count will cause a 10% deduction of total points.)
Nursing Practice Problem and PICOT Statement
Nursing Practice Problem
State the practice problem that is relevant to nursing. This should be an extension of the PICOT question that was in the introduction of the literature Search on Week 1 of this class. The PICOT question should support the nursing practice problem with current research. Be clear, concise and relate the problem to nursing practice. State how current research supports this problem. Describe the relevant details and explain how the PICOT statement is linked or related to nursing practice. Current research must be used to show how the PICOT supports the nursing practice problem.
PICOT Statement
State the PICOT statement in a question. State the PICOT question using the format noted in the article on “EBP- Step-by-Step- Asking the Clinical Question: A Key Step in Evidence-Based Practice” by Stillwell, Fineout-Overhold & Melnyk (2010) found with the template for this assignment. Discuss the link betweenthe PICOT question, the nursing practice problem & evidence-based practice change how they are connected to relevant details supporting explanation.
Qualitative Study
Background of Study
Keep this section to just the criteria of the qualitative study. The clinical and research problem of the study, significance of the study, purpose of the study and main research question or hypothesis should be described briefly in this section.
Methods of Study
What qualitative methods were used to answer the research question stated above? Were there quantitative and qualitative studies of the literature review relevant to the focus of the study that were cited by the author? Were the references current? Were there weaknesses of the available studies us.
The purpose of this initial paper is to briefly describe your sear.docxhelen23456789
The purpose of this initial paper is to briefly describe your search strategies when identifying two articles that pertain to an evidence-based practice topic of interest. Mine is on Avoiding Hospital Readmissions. I will be focusing as an individual on examining the sources of knowledge that contribute to professional nursing practice qualitative or quantitative design? Apply research principles to the interpretation of the content of published research studies. "What is the number of trends in 30-day post-discharge mortality among beneficiaries after the implementation of HRRP -- period 3 and 4, for mortality rate in myocardial infarctions?" (Wadhera, et al., 2018)
Clinical Question:
A. Describe problem
b. Significance of problem in terms of outcomes or statistics
c. Your PICOT question in support of the group topic
d. Purpose of your paper
B. Levels of Evidence
a. Type of question asked
b. Best evidence found to answer question
C. Search Strategy
a. Search terms
b. Databases used (you may use Google Scholar in addition to the library databases; start with the Library)
c. Refinement decisions made
d. Identification of two most relevant articles
D. Format
a. Correct grammar and spelling
b. Use of headings for each section
c. Use of APA format (sixth edition)
d. Page length: three to four pages
Clinical Question
45 points 28%1. Problem is described. What is the focus of your group’s work? 2. Significance of the problem is described. What health outcomes result from your problem? Or what statistics document this is a problem? You may find support on websites for government or professional organizations. 3. What is your PICOT question? 4. Purpose of your paper. What will your paper do or describe? This is similar to a problem statement. “The purpose of this paper is to . . .”
Levels of Evidence
20 points 13% 1. What type of question are you asking (therapy, prognosis, meaning, etc.)? 2. What is the best type of evidence to be found to answer that question (e.g., RCT, cohort study, qualitative study)?
Search Strategy
65 points 41% 1. Search topic(s) provided. What did you use for search terms? 2. What database(s) did you use? Link your search with the PICOT question described above. 3. As you did your search, what decisions did you make in refinement to get your required articles down to a reasonable number for review? Were any limits used? If so, what? 4. Identify the two most relevant and helpful articles that will provide guidance for your next paper and the group’s work. Why were these two selected?
Format
30 points 18% 1. Correct grammar and spelling 2. Use of headings for each section: Clinical Question, Level of Evidence, Search Strategy, Conclusion 3. APA format (sixth ed.) 4. Paper length: three to four pages
Total worth 160 points
DIRECTIONS AND ASSIGNMENT CRITERIA Assign ment Criteria Points % Description Clinical Question 45
28 1. Problem is described. What is the focus of your group’s work.
Final ExamFocus of the Final ExamThe purpose of the Final .docxssuser454af01
Final Exam
Focus of the Final Exam
The purpose of the Final Exam is to assess your understanding of the main statistical concepts covered in this course and to evaluate your ability to critically review a quantitative research article. The exam will consist of two parts: Part I includes three essay questions and Part II includes a research critique. All of your responses should be included in a single Word document for submission.
Please include the following general headings for each section of the written exam within your Word document:
Part I: Essay Questions
Essay 1
Essay 2
Essay 3
Part II: Research Study Critique
Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
Your complete Word document must include a title page with the following:
Student’s name
Course name and number
Instructor’s name
Date submitted
Part I: Essay Questions
There are three essay questions in this section. You must answer all three questions. The length of each essay should be one to two double-spaced pages (excluding title and reference pages). Use 12-point font and format your paper with regular 1-inch margins. Do not include the essay prompt in your document. It will not count toward the length requirement for your essays.
Essay 1
A group of researchers conducted an experiment to determine which vaccine is more effective for preventing getting the flu. They tested two different types of vaccines: a shot and a nasal spray. To test the effectiveness, 1000 participants were randomly selected with 500 people getting the shot and 500 the nasal spray. Of the 500 people were treated with the shot, 80 developed the flu and 420 did not. Of the people who were treated with the nasal spray, 120 people developed the flu and 380 did not. The level of significance was set at .05. The proportion of people who were treated with the shot who developed the flu = .16, and the proportion of the people who were treated with the nasal spray was .24. The calculated p value = .0008.
For this essay, describe the statistical approaches (e.g., identify the hypotheses and research methods) used in this excerpt from a research study. Interpret the statistical results and examine the limitations of the statistical methods. Finally, evaluate the research study as a whole and apply what you have learned about hypothesis testing and inferential statistics by discussing how you might conduct a follow-up study.
Your essay must address the following points:
Describe the research question for this experiment.
What were the null and alternative hypotheses?
Were the results of this test statistically significant?
If so, why were they significant?
Would the researchers reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis?
Do the results provide sufficient evidence to support the alternative hypothesis?
Was the sample appropriate for this study? Explain your answer.
What are some possible limitations to this study?
Discuss how you would conduct a follow up study to this one. Explain your answe ...
IHP 525 Final Project Article Review Guidelines and Rubric MalikPinckney86
IHP 525 Final Project Article Review Guidelines and Rubric
Overview
There are two final projects in this course. One is an article review and the other is a data analysis.
Regardless of their field of interest, health professionals across disciplines need to be able to analyze and use biostatistical data to address health concerns
among the populations they serve. They need to be able to identify trends, draw conclusions, and make recommendations for improving health outcomes based
on solid evidence. It is also important that they are able to communicate that information effectively to those directly or indirectly impacted. They also need to
understand what others are doing in their field, the strengths and limitations of that work, and how it affects their own organization, even if they do not intend
to become statisticians.
The two summative assessments for this course lay the foundation for these critical skills. Final Project Article Review asks you to evaluate the strengths and
limitations of existing biostatistical articles and to identify the selection process of appropriate methodologies in different contexts (Final Project Article Review).
You will present your analysis through a written executive summary geared toward an audience of fellow health professionals. In the Final Project Data Analysis,
you will calculate descriptive and inferential statistics of a small data set. You will explain the basic parameters of the data, graph it, and run simple hypothesis
tests. You will present your analysis in a statistical report geared toward a non-technical audience, draw conclusions, and make recommendations for further
research.
For your Final Project Article Review, you will review and analyze published research that you might encounter as a health professional. You will select two
journal articles from the provided list on a topic of interest. You will create an article review that identifies the articles and their relevance to your field;
summarizes the articles, including their findings; compares and contrasts the statistical methods used in the articles; explains why the methods used were
appropriate; discusses their limitations; and concludes with recommendations for future work.
Final Project Article Review is divided into three journals, which will be submitted at various points throughout the course to scaffold learning and ensure quality
final submissions. These article journals will be submitted in Modules Two, Five, and Six. The completed article review will be submitted in Module Eight.
In this assignment, you will demonstrate your mastery of the following course outcomes:
● Analyze the role of biostatistics for its impact on professional decision making in the public health, nursing, or health science fields
● Interpret key biostatistical metrics, methods, and data for addressing population-based health problems
● Evaluate the quality and limitations of published public health, nurs ...
M2-assaignmentBased on the feedback you received on your submiss.docxsmile790243
M2-assaignment
Based on the feedback you received on your submission from last week, submit a revised draft of your paper with this additional information:
1. Five additional references that could be used for your research paper and include a 1-2 sentence description for each of the five additional references, explaining how they fit with the research topic and the research question proposed. Make sure that these references come from scholarly sources using Argosy's library resources.
2. A very detailed outline of what you would like to cover in the intro/lit review of your paper. Write it as an outline and think about what you want each paragraph or section to cover. Paste your references into each section where the information from that article applies to the topic. Below is an example of the outline although the references have not been pasted in yet:
a. Introduction or Statement of the Problem (e.g. Predictors of Depression in Men)
i. Research question (E.g. What factors predict depression in men? For example, age, marital status, family history, stressors).
ii. Why is it important/implications (E.g. xx% of men are depressed; less likely to seek treatment; if we can identify who is at risk, may be able to direct them to treatment sooner)
iii. Revised hypothesis based on feedback from the instructor
b. Review of the Literature (the following is an example for above topic):
i. Brief description of depression, symptoms, and any unique symptoms for men (Cite articles from which you will obtain this information).
ii. How widespread is it? Stats on depression in general but also stats on depression in men (Cite articles from which you will obtain this information).
iii. List factors that put men at risk for depression (Cite articles).
1. Difficulty communicating distress or sadness (Cite articles).
2. Job/work pressures (Cite articles).
iv. Demographic characteristics (Cite articles).
1. Relationship between age and depression (Cite articles).
2. Relationship between marital status and depression (Cite articles).
3. A 1-2 page description of the sample you would like to use for your study, that provides the answer to the following questions:
a. What sampling technique would you use?
b. Does the sample generalize to the population? Explain why or why not.
c. What inclusion criteria would be used? What exclusion criteria would be used, if any?
d. What ethical issues might be encountered when collecting your information from this sample?
4. Be sure to also submit all your ten references (the five from last week and the five new ones you added) in an APA-style reference page. Be sure to also include an APA-style title page with your submission. Your paper should be at least 2-3 pages long. Make sure you write in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrate ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources; display accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation.
M3-assaignment
In your final paper for this course, you w ...
For this assignment you willwrite a paper using TOPIC 1 QUANTITAT.docxtemplestewart19
For this assignment you willwrite a paper using TOPIC 1: QUANTITATIVERESEARCH &TOPIC 2:QUALITATIVE RESEARCH. Do not worry about the word count as this is not part of the grading criteria for this assignment. Below is a template of how the paper should be setup. This paper will be in APA format. In the template below I am providing a sample of the headers that should be used in APA format to organize your paper. I would highly recommend using them in your paper.
The introduction should introduce the paper. The intro would also include your thesis statement. The thesis tells the reader what will be discussed in the rest of the paper. This section should be in first paragraphs.
PICOT Statement
Revise the PICOT statement you wrote - PICOT Statements: (1). Changes in leisure time physical activity preference and development of hypertension were significantly correlated, especially among urban Chinese. Hypertension prevention programs may identify the groups at elevated risk by examining levels and changes of LTPA preferences. (2). Hypertension is a major health concern that leads to many complications besides the heart attack, heart failure and other related issues. Therefore, this study will help in studying the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) so as to arrive at the solutions. The study will aim at answering the question, how to treat to lower systolic blood pressure. (3). There are several reasons that contributed to non-adherence to treatment in hypertensive patients. Diversity of these reasons is an indication that design and implementation of different kinds of interventions are required in order to increase the patients' awareness, empower them and encourage self-efficacy.” Based on these provide justification of the problem and supporting evidence from multiple resources to justify why this is a problem. This section should be 1-2 paragraphs.
Research Critiques
Use the research critiques to complete this assignment that has both qualitative and quantitative.
Qualitative Studies
Background of the study. Answer the following questions in narrative form regarding the qualitative studies in this section.
· Identify the clinical problem and research problem that led to the study. What was not known about the clinical problem that, if understood, could be used to improve health care delivery or patient outcomes? This gap in knowledge is the research problem.
· How did the author establish the significance of the study? In other words, why should the reader care about this study? Look for statements about human suffering, costs of treatment, or the number of people affected by the clinical problem.
· Identify the purpose of the study. An author may clearly state the purpose of the study or may describe the purpose as the study goals, objectives, or aims.
· List research questions that the study was designed to answer. If the author does not explicitly provide the questions, attempt to infer the questions from the answers.
.
Running head 11Concept and statistics (Refe.docxtoddr4
Running head: 1
1
Concept and statistics (Referencias)
The more items, the more serious
Which is Why is it important?
At the end of the introduction say the purpose ...
Significance of the Practice Problem
Here he said he has to show that work is extremely important, that's why we're doing it.
What
As
When
Where
Research Question
PICOT Question + OBJETIVOS
Objectives: 3 objectives
Steps to answer the question, show how you answer the question.
Theoretical Framework
It's 2 theories
He says here is to choose any theory from those nurse Example Callista Roy. .or the others
And another theory that is NOT nursing, can be psychology ,,Freud,Erickson ....
And explain how these relate
Synthesis of the Literature
He wants 20 articles
According to Author such and collaborators ... Say
who studied? ,
showing chose
what a result
There are 20 paragraphs .... and everyone has to say about the article
Author, anus, type of study, #de sample and result ....
Practice Recommendations
In the end in the articles we recommend something, of each of the 20 articles, therefore it would be 10- 20 recommendations, because some articles may match.
Example Kirenia and Michel proposed this... without matching..
Project Description
THIS IS THE MOST IMPORTANT THING
Write this the same, putting it like this,
This project will be completed through a literature review. This will be carried out through Google Scholar, CINHAL, Ana G. Mendez Virtual Libraries, WorldCat, PubMed, Internet database. The research will be peer reviewed. A minimum 30 articles of no more than 5 years will be reviewed. I will use some keywords for my search like: Probiotic, Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia, ICU, conventional methods.
The results obtained from the study will contribute to determine if the probiotic use in prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia is more effective than the conventional method, with a more cost-effective result.
All information collected in this review will be kept in a locked dresser in the principal investigator's office for a period of 5 years. Both, the principal investigator and the mentor will have access to this material. After this time (5 years), the data will be eliminated with a paper shredder and discarded.
Project Evaluation Results
Summarize tables with all citation will be presented in appendix A&B; appendix A will be used for the summary of primary research evidence, and appendix B will be used for the summary of the systematic reviews.
Appendix A will include the citation, question or hypothesis, and theoretical foundation, research designated and sample size, key findings, recommendations or implications, and level of evidence, of each article. Appendix B will include citations, question, search strategy, inclusion/exclusion criteria, data, extraction and analysi.
(1) Critique Template for a Qualitative StudyNURS 6052Week.docxkatherncarlyle
(1): Critique Template for a Qualitative Study
NURS 6052
Week 6 Assignment: Application: Critiquing Quantitative, Qualitative, or Mixed Methods Studies (due by Day 7 of Week 7)
Date:
Your name:
Article reference (in APA style):
URL:
What is a critique? Simply stated, a critique is a critical analysis undertaken for some purpose. Nurses critique research for three main reasons: to improve their practice, to broaden their understanding, and to provide a base for the conduct of a study.
When the purpose is to improve practice, nurses must give special consideration to questions such as these:
· Are the research findings appropriate to my practice setting and situation?
· What further research or pilot studies need to be done, if any, before incorporating findings into practice to assure both safety and effectiveness?
· How might a proposed change in practice trigger changes in other aspects of practice?
To help you synthesize your learning throughout this course and prepare you to utilize research in your practice, you will be critiquing a qualitative, quantitative, or mixed-methods research study of your choice.
If the article is unavailable in a full-text version through the Walden University Library, you must e-mail the article as a PDF or Word attachment to your Instructor.
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH CRITIQUE
1. Research Issue and Purpose
What is the research question or issue of the referenced study? What is its purpose? (Sometimes ONLY the purpose is stated clearly and the question must be inferred from the introductory discussion of the purpose.)
2. Researcher Pre-understandings
Does the article include a discussion of the researcher’s pre-understandings? What does the article disclose about the researcher’s professional and personal perspectives on the research problem?
3. Literature Review
What is the quality of the literature review? Is the literature review current, relevant? Is there evidence that the author critiqued the literature or merely reported it without critique? Is there an integrated summary of the current knowledge base regarding the research problem, or does the literature review contain opinion or anecdotal articles without any synthesis or summary of the whole? (Sometimes the literature review is incorporated into the introductory section without being explicitly identified.)
4. Theoretical or Conceptual Framework
Is a theoretical or conceptual framework identified? If so, what is it? Is it a nursing framework or one drawn from another discipline? (Sometimes there is no explicitly identified theoretical or conceptual framework; in addition, many “nursing” research studies draw on a “borrowed” framework, e.g., stress, medical pathology, etc.)
5. Participants
Who were the participants? Is the setting or study group adequately described? Is the setting appropriate for the research question? What type of sampling strategy was used? Was it appropriate? Was the sample size adequate? Did t ...
This document provides guidance on writing a health research proposal. It discusses key components such as the problem statement, objectives, methodology, variables, study design, data collection procedures, and ethics. A well-written proposal clearly explains the research question and plan to answer it. The methodology section should provide operational definitions of variables and detail how the study will be conducted and data analyzed. Considering ethics is important when researching human subjects. Overall, a strong proposal demonstrates the value and feasibility of the proposed research.
HighFidelity Simulation in Nursing Education for EndofLife Care Essay.pdfsdfghj21
1) The study evaluated the effectiveness of high-fidelity simulation in teaching end-of-life care to undergraduate nursing students.
2) A quasi-experimental study with no control group was conducted on 42 students who completed the Frommelt Attitudes Toward Care of the Dying assessment before and after a high-fidelity simulation experience.
3) Results found statistically significant improved attitudes on 11 of 30 items after the simulation, supporting the hypothesis that high-fidelity simulation can increase positive attitudes towards caring for dying patients.
1
7
Annotated Bibliography
Lua Shanks
Walden University
Research Theory, Design, and Methods
Dr. Arome
11-7-2021
Annotated Bibliography
Introduction
Autism researchers continue to grapple with activities that best serve the purpose of fostering positive interpersonal relationships for children with autism. Children have benefited from therapy sessions that provide ongoing activities to aid their ability to engage in healthy social interactions. However, less is known about how K–12 schools might implement programs for this group of individuals to provide additional opportunities for growth, or even if and how school programs would be of assistance in the end. There is a gap in understanding the possibilities of implementing such programs in schools to foster the social and mental health of children with autism. The six articles I selected for this assignment present research on different types of therapeutic programs that have been used to promote social interactions in children with autism.
Annotated Bibliography on Autism
Wimpory, D. C., & Nash, S. (1999). Musical interaction therapy – therapeutic play for children with autism. Child Language and Teaching Therapy, 15(1), 17–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/026565909901500103
Wimpory and Nash provided a case study
for implementing music interaction therapy as part of play therapy aimed at cultivating communication skills in infants with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The researchers based their argument on films taken of play-based therapy sessions that introduced music interaction therapy. To assess the success of music play, Wimpory and Nash filmed the follow-up play-based interaction between the parent and the child. The follow-up interactions revealed that 20 months after the introduction of music play, the child developed prolonged playful interaction with both the psychologist and the parent. The follow-up films also revealed that the child initiated spontaneously pretend play during these later sessions. After the introduction of music, the child began to develop appropriate language skills.
Since the publication date for this case study is 1999, the results are dated. Although this study found that music interaction therapy is useful, emerging research in the field has undoubtedly changed in the time since this article was published. Wimpory and Nash wrote this article for a specific audience, including psychologists and researchers working with infants diagnosed with ASD. Their focus means that others beyond these fields may not find the findings applicable to their work.
I am interested in the role of music in therapy to foster social and mental health in children with ASD. Therefore, Wimpory and Nash’s research is useful to me for background information on the implementation of music into play-based therapy in infants with ASD. Wimpory and Nash presented a basis for this t ...
Starting the Research ProcessFormulating a specific, applica.docxbryanwest16882
Starting the Research Process
Formulating a specific, applicable research problem statement is an important step in beginning a research process. The problem statement defines the focus of the research study, dictates what methods and tools will be used, and sets the stage for all subsequent elements of the research process. Because of this, it is necessary to put a great deal of thought into the problem statement to ensure that the rest of the research process will be well planned and appropriate to the problem at hand.
This week’s Discussion asks you to identify evidence-based practice problems that can be addressed using quantitative research methods. Based on the practice problem you select, formulate a quantitative research problem statement. In this Discussion, you are also given the opportunity to evaluate your colleagues’ problem statements. Please refer to this week’s Learning Resources for appropriate and scholarly examples of research problem statements and how they inform the rest of the research process.
To prepare:
Determine a nursing practice problem that is of interest to you and that is appropriate for a quantitative research study.
Note:
You will continue to use this problem in the Discussions over the next several weeks.
Using the Walden Library and other credible sources, locate and read two or three articles that address your practice problem.
(you must cite the articles read in this assignment)
With your practice problem in mind, review the Learning Resources and media presentations focusing on the strategies presented for generating a research problem statement.
Ask yourself: What is the importance of my practice problem to nursing, research, and theory? How might addressing this problem bring about positive social change? How will investigating this problem support evidence-based practice?
By Tomorrow 09/06/17, write a minimum of 550 words in APA format with a minimum of 3 references from the list below which include the level one headings as numbered below:
Post
1) A proposed research problem statement (it has to be related to nursing for example: could be on diabetes, heart failure or more …)
2) Including sufficient information to make your focus clear and explaining how addressing this problem may bring about positive social change.
Required Media
Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2011). Research methods for evidence-based practice: Selecting a research topic and developing a hypothesis. Baltimore, MD: Author.
Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 13 minutes.
In this week’s video, Dr. Leiyu Shi discusses the characteristics of a good research hypothesis and details the steps in developing a hypothesis that can be tested through research.
Laureate Education. (2011). Important events in clinical research history. Retrieved from http://mym.cdn.laureate-media.com/2dett4d/Walden/CLRA/6100/01/mm/timel.
IHP 340 Final Project Guidelines and Rubric Overview .docxwilcockiris
IHP 340 Final Project Guidelines and Rubric
Overview
The final project for this course is the creation of an introductory-level analysis of published research findings. Statistics play an integral role in the healthcare
industry. For those entering the health field, understanding statistics is a must. Evidence-based healthcare is the current theme and is leading us into the future.
For professionals in this field, seeking answers to health-related questions in scientific literature is common practice. While deciphering the information found in
these publications can be challenging, it all starts with learning basic statistical concepts. This course will help you develop a baseline understanding of statistics.
You will explore the areas of descriptive statistics and basic inferential statistics, along with variability and statistical significance. However, the ultimate goal is to
provide an introductory-level analysis of published research findings.
You will select an article from a list provided by your instructor. The articles in the list are all peer reviewed, published within the last three years, and related in
some way to the health professional programs at SNHU. Your analysis will be based on the statistical concepts you learn over the term and will include
identifying and interpreting statistical findings. You will discuss the hypothesis of the study, the methodology used to conduct the study, and the statistical
analysis used, including software. You will also discuss the study’s results, limitations, conclusions, and next steps. This assessment will showcase your ability to
read, comprehend, and interpret research done in the many fields of healthcare. Additionally, this assessment will demonstrate your ability to articulate
research findings to individuals who may not have the background necessary to understand basic healthcare research.
The project is divided into two milestones, which will be submitted prior to the final project submission to scaffold learning and ensure quality final submissions.
These milestone will be submitted in Modules Three and Five. The final project will be submitted in Module Seven.
In this assignment, you will demonstrate your mastery of the following course outcomes:
Interpret data results from peer-reviewed healthcare research for determining the statistical significance of the findings
Analyze common research methods used in the collection of healthcare data for determining their advantages and disadvantages in data-collection
situations
Analyze healthcare research for its contributions to scientific literature and future investigations
Assess the impact of limitations within various healthcare studies on research conclusions
Prompt
Write an analysis of a peer-reviewed article published within the last three years that is related in some way to the health professional programs at SNHU. You
will select this article from a list provided by your instru.
This document provides an outline for critiquing a research study. It includes sections to evaluate the problem statement, literature review, research design, instruments, data analysis, and conclusions. The critique examines aspects like variable definitions, sampling methods, reliability and validity of tools, appropriate use of statistics, and implications of the findings. The overall goal is to provide a systematic analysis of the strengths and limitations of the research.
Running head UNDERSTANDING STATISTICAL CONCEPTS1UNDERSTANDING.docxtoltonkendal
Running head: UNDERSTANDING STATISTICAL CONCEPTS1
UNDERSTANDING STATISTICAL CONCEPTS22
Final Exam
Focus of the Final Exam
The purpose of the Final Exam is to assess your understanding of the main statistical concepts covered in this course and to evaluate your ability to critically review a quantitative research article. The exam will consist of two parts: Part I includes three essay questions and Part II includes a research critique. All of your responses should be included in a single Word document for submission.
Please include the following general headings for each section of the written exam within your Word document:
Part I: Essay Questions
1. Essay 1
2. Essay 2
3. Essay 3
Part II: Research Study Critique
1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
Your complete Word document must include a title page with the following:
1. Student’s name
2. Course name and number
3. Instructor’s name
4. Date submitted
Part I: Essay Questions
There are three essay questions in this section. You must answer all three questions. The length of each essay should be one to two double-spaced pages (excluding title and reference pages). Use 12-point font and format your paper with regular 1-inch margins. Do not include the essay prompt in your document. It will not count toward the length requirement for your essays.
Essay 1
A group of researchers conducted an experiment to determine which vaccine is more effective for preventing getting the flu. They tested two different types of vaccines: a shot and a nasal spray. To test the effectiveness, 1000 participants were randomly selected with 500 people getting the shot and 500 the nasal spray. Of the 500 people were treated with the shot, 80 developed the flu and 420 did not. Of the people who were treated with the nasal spray, 120 people developed the flu and 380 did not. The level of significance was set at .05. The proportion of people who were treated with the shot who developed the flu = .16, and the proportion of the people who were treated with the nasal spray was .24. The calculated p value = .0008.
For this essay, describe the statistical approaches (e.g., identify the hypotheses and research methods) used in this excerpt from a research study. Interpret the statistical results and examine the limitations of the statistical methods. Finally, evaluate the research study as a whole and apply what you have learned about hypothesis testing and inferential statistics by discussing how you might conduct a follow-up study.
Your essay must address the following points:
· Describe the research question for this experiment.
· What were the null and alternative hypotheses?
· Were the results of this test statistically significant?
· If so, why were they significant?
· Would the researchers reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis?
· Do the results provide sufficient evidence to support the alternative hypothesis?
· Was the sample appropriate for this study? Explain your answer.
...
This document provides guidelines for writing a research critique assignment. Students are instructed to choose a primary research study related to nursing or medicine and write a 4-6 page critique evaluating the validity, relevance, and implications of the study. The critique should include sections that describe the research problem and purpose, review the literature, identify the theoretical framework and variables, analyze the methodology and data analysis, summarize conclusions and implications, and determine if findings can be generalized. A properly formatted APA research critique with the full study attached is required for the assignment.
How to write chapter three of your research projectEtieneIma123
Chapter three of the research project or the research methodology is another significant part in the research project writing. In developing the chapter three of the research project, you state the research method you wish to adopt, the instruments to be used, where you will collect your data and how you collected it.
This chapter explains the different methods to be used in the research project. Here you mention the procedures and strategies you will employ in the study such as research design, research area (area of the study), the population of the study, etc.
You also tell the reader why you chose a particular method, how you planned to analyze your data. Your methodology should be written in a simple language such that other researchers can follow the method and arrive at the same conclusion or findings.
How to write chapter three of your research projectEtieneIma123
Chapter three of the research project or the research methodology is another significant part of the research project writing. In developing the chapter three of the research project, you state the research method you wish to adopt, the instruments to be used, where you will collect your data and how you collected it.
Critical Appraisal Process for Quantitative ResearchAs you cri.docxwillcoxjanay
Critical Appraisal Process for Quantitative Research
As you critically appraise studies, follow the steps of the critical appraisal process presented in Box 18-1. These steps occur in sequence, vary in depth, and presume accomplishment of the preceding steps. However, an individual with critical appraisal experience frequently performs multiple steps of this process simultaneously. This section includes the three steps of the research critical appraisal process applied to quantitative studies and provides relevant questions for each step. These questions are not comprehensive but have been selected as a means for stimulating the logical reasoning and analysis necessary for conducting a study review. Persons experienced in the critical appraisal process formulate additional questions as part of their reasoning processes. We cover the identification of the steps or elements of the research process separately because persons who are new to critical appraisal often only conduct this step. The questions for determining the study strengths and weaknesses are covered together because this process occurs simultaneously in the mind of the person conducting the critical appraisal. Evaluation is covered separately because of the increased expertise needed to perform this final step.
Step I: Identifying the Steps of the Quantitative Research Process in Studies
Initial attempts to comprehend research articles are often frustrating because the terminology and stylized manner of the report are unfamiliar. Identification of the steps of the research process in a quantitative study is the first step in critical appraisal. It involves understanding the terms and concepts in the report; identifying study elements; and grasping the nature, significance, and meaning of the study elements. The following guidelines are presented to direct
you in the initial critical appraisal of a quantitative study.
Guidelines for Identifying the Steps of the Quantitative Research Process
The first step involves reviewing the study title and abstract and reading the study from beginning to end (review the key principles in Box 18-2). As you read, address the following questions about the research report: Was the writing style of the report clear and concise? Were the different parts of the research report plainly identified (APA, 2010)? Were relevant terms defined?
You might underline the terms you do not understand and determine their meaning from the glossary at the end of this textbook. Read the article a second time and highlight or underline each step of the quantitative research process. An overview of these steps is presented in Chapter 3. To write a critical appraisal identifying the study steps, you need to identify each step concisely and respond briefly to the following guidelines and questions:
I. Introduction
A. Describe the qualifications of the authors to conduct the study, such as research expertise, clinical experience, and educational preparation. Doctoral .
research methodology ppt-pdf-converted.pptxDaniyalTahir9
This document provides guidelines for writing a synopsis for a research project. A synopsis should include the following sections: title, statement of the problem/hypothesis, aims and objectives, review of literature, research methodology, and references. The research methodology section should describe the study design, setting, sampling techniques, variables, controls, data collection methods, and data analysis plan. The synopsis provides a brief overview of the key elements of the proposed research for review.
The topic of the British thesis combines academic theories with th.docxwsusan1
The topic of the British thesis combines academic theories with the topics to be studied, and goes to Google Scholar. This is the most basic search.
It is also a prerequisite to ensure that you can write smoothly in the future. At least look at the academic materials. This blog post continues to send you a report on the opening of the so-called proposal. The UK dissertation format is basically the same, especially in business. Don't choose topics that are empty, don't choose topics that are not in academic concepts.
No matter what field of research you are, no matter what research method you choose, all research plans must address the following questions: 1. What are you going to achieve; 2. Why do you want to do this; 3. You will How to do this; the research plan should have enough concentration to convince the teacher, if you have an important research idea, or if you have a good idea of the relevant literature and major issues, then your research The original idea of the plan was successful. The quality of your research plan does not depend on the quality of your ideas, because a good research project may be rejected for the simple reason that the copy supporting the project is not well written, so your writing is a large part. 1. What needs to be written in the research plan? The research plan has a basic writing structure. You can refer to the structure and adjust it according to your own research theme. 1. Title Page The cover page writes the title and author, which is easy to understand. You need to know what you want to say from the Title. 2.Astract summary is about 200 words, this part is a brief summary of research topics, goals, and research methods. It is important to write out the general questions of research questions, research reasons, etc. in this part. About 300 words or so. 3.Table of Contents Contents 4.Introduction Introduction This section can state your research background, research questions, research purposes and meaning (focus), including: 1) research purposes 2) provide context (references) to highlight the importance of research Sex 3) Provide the theoretical basis of the research and explain why it is worth doing this research 4) Briefly introduce the main problems and sub-questions to be solved in your research 5) Explain your hypothesis (if necessary) 5.Background(Literature Review) This part of the research background can also be used as a part of the literature review to present your research questions, reviewing previous studies for comment and analysis. Therefore, you need to read the relevant subject literature, and sort through and analyze the previous research by searching, reading, and analyzing the literature. This requires a certain amount of retrieval ability and a certain number of papers and books to be summarized and summarized into a literature review, which is a relatively long time. 6. Mainbody (Hypothesis, Methodology, Research Design) The main part of RP can describe your research hypothe.
Assignment DetailsScenario You are member of a prisoner revie.docxfaithxdunce63732
Assignment Details
Scenario:
You are member of a prisoner review board for a minimum-security facility in your state. Included among the inmates are a number of heroin addicts who were charged with possession crimes and some minor thefts through which they supported their habits.
Please include answers in your main post for the following questions:
What are the methods of treatment for heroin addiction?
What is the difference between heroin detoxification and heroin addiction treatment?
What is the best method for ensuring the heroin addict does not return to heroin abuse? Does long-term incarceration play a role?
.
Assignment DetailsScenario You are an investigator for Child .docxfaithxdunce63732
Assignment Details
Scenario:
You are an investigator for Child Protective Services in your community. One of the most difficult aspects of interviewing is the interview of a suspected victim of child sexual abuse. Often, the first interviewers are detectives or investigators from the police department with little or no training for interviewing child sexual abuse victims. The Commander of the Sex Crimes Unit would like to you to identify errors in interviewing by police investigators when questioning child sex crime victims about the circumstances during the alleged offense(s). The psychopathology of the suspect and the victim are very important, but the victim can be misled unintentionally by police resulting in false or inaccurate complaint information.
The Commander of the Sex Crimes Unit would like you to outline and explain the specific areas to be avoided when questioning a child as a sex crime victim.
Specifically, he is concerned with the following:
The use of suggestive questions
The implication of confirmation by other people
Use of positive and negative consequences
Repetitious questioning
Inviting speculation
In a 3–5-page paper, address the specific concerns, and explain why it is preferable to have the child interviewed by a person with the qualifications to potentially testify as an expert witness in subsequent criminal trials
.
Assignment DetailsScenario You are a new patrol officer in a .docxfaithxdunce63732
Assignment Details
Scenario:
You are a new patrol officer in a major metropolitan city in the center of the country. You have only been on patrol for about four weeks but notice that the officers with more time on the street have been making racially disparaging jokes about members of the poorer neighborhoods. What surprised you was the number of African-American and Hispanic officers who seemed to go along with the culture of racially biased comments. The community in which your precinct is located is crime-ridden and poor. It is largely African-American and Hispanic-American.
When you are on the street, you note that the tension between minority members of the community is very high and that it is even worse between minority officers and the minority community, who tend to view the minority officers as “race traitors.”
In addition, there are a number of combat veterans who have returned to the police department from Iraq and Afghanistan. These veterans have developed a prejudiced outlook towards the Muslim Community, which has a peaceful Mosque in the very center of the community.
Focus your discussion on the following:
Explain your viewpoint as to whether racism and religious bias are based on psychopathology of the officers or not.
.
Assignment DetailsScenario Generally, we have considered sexual.docxfaithxdunce63732
Assignment Details
Scenario: Generally, we have considered sexual harassment actions or verbal abuse of women to be done by men. Over the past several decades, the culture of society has evolved. The diversity of sex and gender has erupted from male abuses of females based on their biology. Now, there are gender reassignments which allow for persons with the psychological inclination to be the gender other than what they were born as being possible. Further, there are a number of transgender persons who, while retaining their biological configuration, adopt the psyche and outward appearance through dress and mannerisms of what is considered to be the traditional opposite gender of their physiology.
Recently, a newly assigned outwardly female officer was found out by her teammates in a Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) unit to actually be a biological male. Several of the SWAT team members have come to you as the SWAT Command Leader and have voiced their concern because the transgender officer uses the ladies room, wears makeup, and dresses as a woman in her civilian attire at the end of the shift. The officers making the complaint are claiming that someone with a psychopathological problem should not be in the SWAT unit. You go to the Deputy Chief with their concerns and she tells you to prepare a briefing for the SWAT members concerning the requirements for SWAT team membership and that if an officer makes the grade, he or she has the opportunity to be a SWAT officer.
In a 3–5-page paper, you must explain to the officers, including those who complained as well as those who did not complain, that the department supports the assignment of the new officer and that according to law, she must be accepted as a valid member of the team so long as she is qualified. Further, explain that transphobia is not an acceptable attitude for members of the team and that any discriminatory action on the part of officers concerning the new officer would not be tolerated and would be met with appropriate disciplinary action.
.
Assignment DetailsPower’s on, Power’s Off!How convenient is.docxfaithxdunce63732
The document is an assignment detailing for a student to analyze and discuss issues related to electricity usage and power outages. It provides background information on generating electricity and its environmental impacts. It then presents two scenarios for the student to respond to - one where the power is out, and one where the power is on. For the power outage scenario, the student is asked to discuss inconveniences, concerns if the outage lasts 3+ days, and their preferred backup power source. For the power on scenario, the student must analyze behaviors to reduce heating/cooling costs, how switching to LEDs can save on lighting costs, and ways to reduce hot water usage.
Assignment DetailsIn 1908, playwright Israel Zangwill referred to .docxfaithxdunce63732
Assignment Details
In 1908, playwright Israel Zangwill referred to America as a
melting pot
. Zangwill’s concept of the United States as a country where people of all cultures and nations are free to come and contribute to a common American culture remains a popular concept—even more than a century after its introduction.
More recently, the concept of the American mosaic asserts that American society consist not of melting pot in which people and cultures mix together to form a larger American culture, but as a mosaic in which ethnic groups come to the United States and coexist with other groups but maintain significant cultural and social distinctions among themselves.
Post a discussion that explores these themes by demonstrating how various cultures and ethnicities have contributed to modern American history and culture. Select 1 ethnic group, and include the following in your discussion:
Part 1
Explain a specific contribution that this group made to American society or culture.
Part 2
Evaluate the concepts of the melting pot and the American mosaic.
Which concept more accurately reflects the experiences of the ethnic group you chose? Support your assertion.
____________________________________________________________________________________
Choose one (1) Native American tribe residing within the continental United States (Lower 48 states) at the time of first European contact. Research various aspects of the chosen tribe’s culture or history. Make sure ample historical records exist for the chosen tribe. Some tribes are not well-documented in the existing historical record.
Topics that
need
to be researched include but are not limited to:
Describing what is known of the tribe’s pre-Columbian history, including settlement dates and any known cultural details.
Describing the cultural and religious beliefs of the chosen tribe.
Describing the tribe’s history after contact, including major events and armed conflicts that may have been important to the history of the tribe in the present day.
Explaining the history of at least one historical figure of the chosen tribe and events surrounding that individual’s life
.
Assignment DetailsPart IRespond to the following.docxfaithxdunce63732
The document asks which crime data source provides the clearest and most helpful information between the Uniform Crime Report (UCR), National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), and International Crime Victims Survey (ICVS). The UCR collects crime statistics from law enforcement agencies across the US, while the NCVS surveys individuals about crimes they have experienced directly. The ICVS surveys individuals across multiple countries about crimes.
More Related Content
Similar to Critical Review of Published ArticlesAccording to the syllabus, .docx
Running head 11Concept and statistics (Refe.docxtoddr4
Running head: 1
1
Concept and statistics (Referencias)
The more items, the more serious
Which is Why is it important?
At the end of the introduction say the purpose ...
Significance of the Practice Problem
Here he said he has to show that work is extremely important, that's why we're doing it.
What
As
When
Where
Research Question
PICOT Question + OBJETIVOS
Objectives: 3 objectives
Steps to answer the question, show how you answer the question.
Theoretical Framework
It's 2 theories
He says here is to choose any theory from those nurse Example Callista Roy. .or the others
And another theory that is NOT nursing, can be psychology ,,Freud,Erickson ....
And explain how these relate
Synthesis of the Literature
He wants 20 articles
According to Author such and collaborators ... Say
who studied? ,
showing chose
what a result
There are 20 paragraphs .... and everyone has to say about the article
Author, anus, type of study, #de sample and result ....
Practice Recommendations
In the end in the articles we recommend something, of each of the 20 articles, therefore it would be 10- 20 recommendations, because some articles may match.
Example Kirenia and Michel proposed this... without matching..
Project Description
THIS IS THE MOST IMPORTANT THING
Write this the same, putting it like this,
This project will be completed through a literature review. This will be carried out through Google Scholar, CINHAL, Ana G. Mendez Virtual Libraries, WorldCat, PubMed, Internet database. The research will be peer reviewed. A minimum 30 articles of no more than 5 years will be reviewed. I will use some keywords for my search like: Probiotic, Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia, ICU, conventional methods.
The results obtained from the study will contribute to determine if the probiotic use in prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia is more effective than the conventional method, with a more cost-effective result.
All information collected in this review will be kept in a locked dresser in the principal investigator's office for a period of 5 years. Both, the principal investigator and the mentor will have access to this material. After this time (5 years), the data will be eliminated with a paper shredder and discarded.
Project Evaluation Results
Summarize tables with all citation will be presented in appendix A&B; appendix A will be used for the summary of primary research evidence, and appendix B will be used for the summary of the systematic reviews.
Appendix A will include the citation, question or hypothesis, and theoretical foundation, research designated and sample size, key findings, recommendations or implications, and level of evidence, of each article. Appendix B will include citations, question, search strategy, inclusion/exclusion criteria, data, extraction and analysi.
(1) Critique Template for a Qualitative StudyNURS 6052Week.docxkatherncarlyle
(1): Critique Template for a Qualitative Study
NURS 6052
Week 6 Assignment: Application: Critiquing Quantitative, Qualitative, or Mixed Methods Studies (due by Day 7 of Week 7)
Date:
Your name:
Article reference (in APA style):
URL:
What is a critique? Simply stated, a critique is a critical analysis undertaken for some purpose. Nurses critique research for three main reasons: to improve their practice, to broaden their understanding, and to provide a base for the conduct of a study.
When the purpose is to improve practice, nurses must give special consideration to questions such as these:
· Are the research findings appropriate to my practice setting and situation?
· What further research or pilot studies need to be done, if any, before incorporating findings into practice to assure both safety and effectiveness?
· How might a proposed change in practice trigger changes in other aspects of practice?
To help you synthesize your learning throughout this course and prepare you to utilize research in your practice, you will be critiquing a qualitative, quantitative, or mixed-methods research study of your choice.
If the article is unavailable in a full-text version through the Walden University Library, you must e-mail the article as a PDF or Word attachment to your Instructor.
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH CRITIQUE
1. Research Issue and Purpose
What is the research question or issue of the referenced study? What is its purpose? (Sometimes ONLY the purpose is stated clearly and the question must be inferred from the introductory discussion of the purpose.)
2. Researcher Pre-understandings
Does the article include a discussion of the researcher’s pre-understandings? What does the article disclose about the researcher’s professional and personal perspectives on the research problem?
3. Literature Review
What is the quality of the literature review? Is the literature review current, relevant? Is there evidence that the author critiqued the literature or merely reported it without critique? Is there an integrated summary of the current knowledge base regarding the research problem, or does the literature review contain opinion or anecdotal articles without any synthesis or summary of the whole? (Sometimes the literature review is incorporated into the introductory section without being explicitly identified.)
4. Theoretical or Conceptual Framework
Is a theoretical or conceptual framework identified? If so, what is it? Is it a nursing framework or one drawn from another discipline? (Sometimes there is no explicitly identified theoretical or conceptual framework; in addition, many “nursing” research studies draw on a “borrowed” framework, e.g., stress, medical pathology, etc.)
5. Participants
Who were the participants? Is the setting or study group adequately described? Is the setting appropriate for the research question? What type of sampling strategy was used? Was it appropriate? Was the sample size adequate? Did t ...
This document provides guidance on writing a health research proposal. It discusses key components such as the problem statement, objectives, methodology, variables, study design, data collection procedures, and ethics. A well-written proposal clearly explains the research question and plan to answer it. The methodology section should provide operational definitions of variables and detail how the study will be conducted and data analyzed. Considering ethics is important when researching human subjects. Overall, a strong proposal demonstrates the value and feasibility of the proposed research.
HighFidelity Simulation in Nursing Education for EndofLife Care Essay.pdfsdfghj21
1) The study evaluated the effectiveness of high-fidelity simulation in teaching end-of-life care to undergraduate nursing students.
2) A quasi-experimental study with no control group was conducted on 42 students who completed the Frommelt Attitudes Toward Care of the Dying assessment before and after a high-fidelity simulation experience.
3) Results found statistically significant improved attitudes on 11 of 30 items after the simulation, supporting the hypothesis that high-fidelity simulation can increase positive attitudes towards caring for dying patients.
1
7
Annotated Bibliography
Lua Shanks
Walden University
Research Theory, Design, and Methods
Dr. Arome
11-7-2021
Annotated Bibliography
Introduction
Autism researchers continue to grapple with activities that best serve the purpose of fostering positive interpersonal relationships for children with autism. Children have benefited from therapy sessions that provide ongoing activities to aid their ability to engage in healthy social interactions. However, less is known about how K–12 schools might implement programs for this group of individuals to provide additional opportunities for growth, or even if and how school programs would be of assistance in the end. There is a gap in understanding the possibilities of implementing such programs in schools to foster the social and mental health of children with autism. The six articles I selected for this assignment present research on different types of therapeutic programs that have been used to promote social interactions in children with autism.
Annotated Bibliography on Autism
Wimpory, D. C., & Nash, S. (1999). Musical interaction therapy – therapeutic play for children with autism. Child Language and Teaching Therapy, 15(1), 17–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/026565909901500103
Wimpory and Nash provided a case study
for implementing music interaction therapy as part of play therapy aimed at cultivating communication skills in infants with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The researchers based their argument on films taken of play-based therapy sessions that introduced music interaction therapy. To assess the success of music play, Wimpory and Nash filmed the follow-up play-based interaction between the parent and the child. The follow-up interactions revealed that 20 months after the introduction of music play, the child developed prolonged playful interaction with both the psychologist and the parent. The follow-up films also revealed that the child initiated spontaneously pretend play during these later sessions. After the introduction of music, the child began to develop appropriate language skills.
Since the publication date for this case study is 1999, the results are dated. Although this study found that music interaction therapy is useful, emerging research in the field has undoubtedly changed in the time since this article was published. Wimpory and Nash wrote this article for a specific audience, including psychologists and researchers working with infants diagnosed with ASD. Their focus means that others beyond these fields may not find the findings applicable to their work.
I am interested in the role of music in therapy to foster social and mental health in children with ASD. Therefore, Wimpory and Nash’s research is useful to me for background information on the implementation of music into play-based therapy in infants with ASD. Wimpory and Nash presented a basis for this t ...
Starting the Research ProcessFormulating a specific, applica.docxbryanwest16882
Starting the Research Process
Formulating a specific, applicable research problem statement is an important step in beginning a research process. The problem statement defines the focus of the research study, dictates what methods and tools will be used, and sets the stage for all subsequent elements of the research process. Because of this, it is necessary to put a great deal of thought into the problem statement to ensure that the rest of the research process will be well planned and appropriate to the problem at hand.
This week’s Discussion asks you to identify evidence-based practice problems that can be addressed using quantitative research methods. Based on the practice problem you select, formulate a quantitative research problem statement. In this Discussion, you are also given the opportunity to evaluate your colleagues’ problem statements. Please refer to this week’s Learning Resources for appropriate and scholarly examples of research problem statements and how they inform the rest of the research process.
To prepare:
Determine a nursing practice problem that is of interest to you and that is appropriate for a quantitative research study.
Note:
You will continue to use this problem in the Discussions over the next several weeks.
Using the Walden Library and other credible sources, locate and read two or three articles that address your practice problem.
(you must cite the articles read in this assignment)
With your practice problem in mind, review the Learning Resources and media presentations focusing on the strategies presented for generating a research problem statement.
Ask yourself: What is the importance of my practice problem to nursing, research, and theory? How might addressing this problem bring about positive social change? How will investigating this problem support evidence-based practice?
By Tomorrow 09/06/17, write a minimum of 550 words in APA format with a minimum of 3 references from the list below which include the level one headings as numbered below:
Post
1) A proposed research problem statement (it has to be related to nursing for example: could be on diabetes, heart failure or more …)
2) Including sufficient information to make your focus clear and explaining how addressing this problem may bring about positive social change.
Required Media
Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2011). Research methods for evidence-based practice: Selecting a research topic and developing a hypothesis. Baltimore, MD: Author.
Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 13 minutes.
In this week’s video, Dr. Leiyu Shi discusses the characteristics of a good research hypothesis and details the steps in developing a hypothesis that can be tested through research.
Laureate Education. (2011). Important events in clinical research history. Retrieved from http://mym.cdn.laureate-media.com/2dett4d/Walden/CLRA/6100/01/mm/timel.
IHP 340 Final Project Guidelines and Rubric Overview .docxwilcockiris
IHP 340 Final Project Guidelines and Rubric
Overview
The final project for this course is the creation of an introductory-level analysis of published research findings. Statistics play an integral role in the healthcare
industry. For those entering the health field, understanding statistics is a must. Evidence-based healthcare is the current theme and is leading us into the future.
For professionals in this field, seeking answers to health-related questions in scientific literature is common practice. While deciphering the information found in
these publications can be challenging, it all starts with learning basic statistical concepts. This course will help you develop a baseline understanding of statistics.
You will explore the areas of descriptive statistics and basic inferential statistics, along with variability and statistical significance. However, the ultimate goal is to
provide an introductory-level analysis of published research findings.
You will select an article from a list provided by your instructor. The articles in the list are all peer reviewed, published within the last three years, and related in
some way to the health professional programs at SNHU. Your analysis will be based on the statistical concepts you learn over the term and will include
identifying and interpreting statistical findings. You will discuss the hypothesis of the study, the methodology used to conduct the study, and the statistical
analysis used, including software. You will also discuss the study’s results, limitations, conclusions, and next steps. This assessment will showcase your ability to
read, comprehend, and interpret research done in the many fields of healthcare. Additionally, this assessment will demonstrate your ability to articulate
research findings to individuals who may not have the background necessary to understand basic healthcare research.
The project is divided into two milestones, which will be submitted prior to the final project submission to scaffold learning and ensure quality final submissions.
These milestone will be submitted in Modules Three and Five. The final project will be submitted in Module Seven.
In this assignment, you will demonstrate your mastery of the following course outcomes:
Interpret data results from peer-reviewed healthcare research for determining the statistical significance of the findings
Analyze common research methods used in the collection of healthcare data for determining their advantages and disadvantages in data-collection
situations
Analyze healthcare research for its contributions to scientific literature and future investigations
Assess the impact of limitations within various healthcare studies on research conclusions
Prompt
Write an analysis of a peer-reviewed article published within the last three years that is related in some way to the health professional programs at SNHU. You
will select this article from a list provided by your instru.
This document provides an outline for critiquing a research study. It includes sections to evaluate the problem statement, literature review, research design, instruments, data analysis, and conclusions. The critique examines aspects like variable definitions, sampling methods, reliability and validity of tools, appropriate use of statistics, and implications of the findings. The overall goal is to provide a systematic analysis of the strengths and limitations of the research.
Running head UNDERSTANDING STATISTICAL CONCEPTS1UNDERSTANDING.docxtoltonkendal
Running head: UNDERSTANDING STATISTICAL CONCEPTS1
UNDERSTANDING STATISTICAL CONCEPTS22
Final Exam
Focus of the Final Exam
The purpose of the Final Exam is to assess your understanding of the main statistical concepts covered in this course and to evaluate your ability to critically review a quantitative research article. The exam will consist of two parts: Part I includes three essay questions and Part II includes a research critique. All of your responses should be included in a single Word document for submission.
Please include the following general headings for each section of the written exam within your Word document:
Part I: Essay Questions
1. Essay 1
2. Essay 2
3. Essay 3
Part II: Research Study Critique
1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
Your complete Word document must include a title page with the following:
1. Student’s name
2. Course name and number
3. Instructor’s name
4. Date submitted
Part I: Essay Questions
There are three essay questions in this section. You must answer all three questions. The length of each essay should be one to two double-spaced pages (excluding title and reference pages). Use 12-point font and format your paper with regular 1-inch margins. Do not include the essay prompt in your document. It will not count toward the length requirement for your essays.
Essay 1
A group of researchers conducted an experiment to determine which vaccine is more effective for preventing getting the flu. They tested two different types of vaccines: a shot and a nasal spray. To test the effectiveness, 1000 participants were randomly selected with 500 people getting the shot and 500 the nasal spray. Of the 500 people were treated with the shot, 80 developed the flu and 420 did not. Of the people who were treated with the nasal spray, 120 people developed the flu and 380 did not. The level of significance was set at .05. The proportion of people who were treated with the shot who developed the flu = .16, and the proportion of the people who were treated with the nasal spray was .24. The calculated p value = .0008.
For this essay, describe the statistical approaches (e.g., identify the hypotheses and research methods) used in this excerpt from a research study. Interpret the statistical results and examine the limitations of the statistical methods. Finally, evaluate the research study as a whole and apply what you have learned about hypothesis testing and inferential statistics by discussing how you might conduct a follow-up study.
Your essay must address the following points:
· Describe the research question for this experiment.
· What were the null and alternative hypotheses?
· Were the results of this test statistically significant?
· If so, why were they significant?
· Would the researchers reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis?
· Do the results provide sufficient evidence to support the alternative hypothesis?
· Was the sample appropriate for this study? Explain your answer.
...
This document provides guidelines for writing a research critique assignment. Students are instructed to choose a primary research study related to nursing or medicine and write a 4-6 page critique evaluating the validity, relevance, and implications of the study. The critique should include sections that describe the research problem and purpose, review the literature, identify the theoretical framework and variables, analyze the methodology and data analysis, summarize conclusions and implications, and determine if findings can be generalized. A properly formatted APA research critique with the full study attached is required for the assignment.
How to write chapter three of your research projectEtieneIma123
Chapter three of the research project or the research methodology is another significant part in the research project writing. In developing the chapter three of the research project, you state the research method you wish to adopt, the instruments to be used, where you will collect your data and how you collected it.
This chapter explains the different methods to be used in the research project. Here you mention the procedures and strategies you will employ in the study such as research design, research area (area of the study), the population of the study, etc.
You also tell the reader why you chose a particular method, how you planned to analyze your data. Your methodology should be written in a simple language such that other researchers can follow the method and arrive at the same conclusion or findings.
How to write chapter three of your research projectEtieneIma123
Chapter three of the research project or the research methodology is another significant part of the research project writing. In developing the chapter three of the research project, you state the research method you wish to adopt, the instruments to be used, where you will collect your data and how you collected it.
Critical Appraisal Process for Quantitative ResearchAs you cri.docxwillcoxjanay
Critical Appraisal Process for Quantitative Research
As you critically appraise studies, follow the steps of the critical appraisal process presented in Box 18-1. These steps occur in sequence, vary in depth, and presume accomplishment of the preceding steps. However, an individual with critical appraisal experience frequently performs multiple steps of this process simultaneously. This section includes the three steps of the research critical appraisal process applied to quantitative studies and provides relevant questions for each step. These questions are not comprehensive but have been selected as a means for stimulating the logical reasoning and analysis necessary for conducting a study review. Persons experienced in the critical appraisal process formulate additional questions as part of their reasoning processes. We cover the identification of the steps or elements of the research process separately because persons who are new to critical appraisal often only conduct this step. The questions for determining the study strengths and weaknesses are covered together because this process occurs simultaneously in the mind of the person conducting the critical appraisal. Evaluation is covered separately because of the increased expertise needed to perform this final step.
Step I: Identifying the Steps of the Quantitative Research Process in Studies
Initial attempts to comprehend research articles are often frustrating because the terminology and stylized manner of the report are unfamiliar. Identification of the steps of the research process in a quantitative study is the first step in critical appraisal. It involves understanding the terms and concepts in the report; identifying study elements; and grasping the nature, significance, and meaning of the study elements. The following guidelines are presented to direct
you in the initial critical appraisal of a quantitative study.
Guidelines for Identifying the Steps of the Quantitative Research Process
The first step involves reviewing the study title and abstract and reading the study from beginning to end (review the key principles in Box 18-2). As you read, address the following questions about the research report: Was the writing style of the report clear and concise? Were the different parts of the research report plainly identified (APA, 2010)? Were relevant terms defined?
You might underline the terms you do not understand and determine their meaning from the glossary at the end of this textbook. Read the article a second time and highlight or underline each step of the quantitative research process. An overview of these steps is presented in Chapter 3. To write a critical appraisal identifying the study steps, you need to identify each step concisely and respond briefly to the following guidelines and questions:
I. Introduction
A. Describe the qualifications of the authors to conduct the study, such as research expertise, clinical experience, and educational preparation. Doctoral .
research methodology ppt-pdf-converted.pptxDaniyalTahir9
This document provides guidelines for writing a synopsis for a research project. A synopsis should include the following sections: title, statement of the problem/hypothesis, aims and objectives, review of literature, research methodology, and references. The research methodology section should describe the study design, setting, sampling techniques, variables, controls, data collection methods, and data analysis plan. The synopsis provides a brief overview of the key elements of the proposed research for review.
The topic of the British thesis combines academic theories with th.docxwsusan1
The topic of the British thesis combines academic theories with the topics to be studied, and goes to Google Scholar. This is the most basic search.
It is also a prerequisite to ensure that you can write smoothly in the future. At least look at the academic materials. This blog post continues to send you a report on the opening of the so-called proposal. The UK dissertation format is basically the same, especially in business. Don't choose topics that are empty, don't choose topics that are not in academic concepts.
No matter what field of research you are, no matter what research method you choose, all research plans must address the following questions: 1. What are you going to achieve; 2. Why do you want to do this; 3. You will How to do this; the research plan should have enough concentration to convince the teacher, if you have an important research idea, or if you have a good idea of the relevant literature and major issues, then your research The original idea of the plan was successful. The quality of your research plan does not depend on the quality of your ideas, because a good research project may be rejected for the simple reason that the copy supporting the project is not well written, so your writing is a large part. 1. What needs to be written in the research plan? The research plan has a basic writing structure. You can refer to the structure and adjust it according to your own research theme. 1. Title Page The cover page writes the title and author, which is easy to understand. You need to know what you want to say from the Title. 2.Astract summary is about 200 words, this part is a brief summary of research topics, goals, and research methods. It is important to write out the general questions of research questions, research reasons, etc. in this part. About 300 words or so. 3.Table of Contents Contents 4.Introduction Introduction This section can state your research background, research questions, research purposes and meaning (focus), including: 1) research purposes 2) provide context (references) to highlight the importance of research Sex 3) Provide the theoretical basis of the research and explain why it is worth doing this research 4) Briefly introduce the main problems and sub-questions to be solved in your research 5) Explain your hypothesis (if necessary) 5.Background(Literature Review) This part of the research background can also be used as a part of the literature review to present your research questions, reviewing previous studies for comment and analysis. Therefore, you need to read the relevant subject literature, and sort through and analyze the previous research by searching, reading, and analyzing the literature. This requires a certain amount of retrieval ability and a certain number of papers and books to be summarized and summarized into a literature review, which is a relatively long time. 6. Mainbody (Hypothesis, Methodology, Research Design) The main part of RP can describe your research hypothe.
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Assignment DetailsScenario You are member of a prisoner revie.docxfaithxdunce63732
Assignment Details
Scenario:
You are member of a prisoner review board for a minimum-security facility in your state. Included among the inmates are a number of heroin addicts who were charged with possession crimes and some minor thefts through which they supported their habits.
Please include answers in your main post for the following questions:
What are the methods of treatment for heroin addiction?
What is the difference between heroin detoxification and heroin addiction treatment?
What is the best method for ensuring the heroin addict does not return to heroin abuse? Does long-term incarceration play a role?
.
Assignment DetailsScenario You are an investigator for Child .docxfaithxdunce63732
Assignment Details
Scenario:
You are an investigator for Child Protective Services in your community. One of the most difficult aspects of interviewing is the interview of a suspected victim of child sexual abuse. Often, the first interviewers are detectives or investigators from the police department with little or no training for interviewing child sexual abuse victims. The Commander of the Sex Crimes Unit would like to you to identify errors in interviewing by police investigators when questioning child sex crime victims about the circumstances during the alleged offense(s). The psychopathology of the suspect and the victim are very important, but the victim can be misled unintentionally by police resulting in false or inaccurate complaint information.
The Commander of the Sex Crimes Unit would like you to outline and explain the specific areas to be avoided when questioning a child as a sex crime victim.
Specifically, he is concerned with the following:
The use of suggestive questions
The implication of confirmation by other people
Use of positive and negative consequences
Repetitious questioning
Inviting speculation
In a 3–5-page paper, address the specific concerns, and explain why it is preferable to have the child interviewed by a person with the qualifications to potentially testify as an expert witness in subsequent criminal trials
.
Assignment DetailsScenario You are a new patrol officer in a .docxfaithxdunce63732
Assignment Details
Scenario:
You are a new patrol officer in a major metropolitan city in the center of the country. You have only been on patrol for about four weeks but notice that the officers with more time on the street have been making racially disparaging jokes about members of the poorer neighborhoods. What surprised you was the number of African-American and Hispanic officers who seemed to go along with the culture of racially biased comments. The community in which your precinct is located is crime-ridden and poor. It is largely African-American and Hispanic-American.
When you are on the street, you note that the tension between minority members of the community is very high and that it is even worse between minority officers and the minority community, who tend to view the minority officers as “race traitors.”
In addition, there are a number of combat veterans who have returned to the police department from Iraq and Afghanistan. These veterans have developed a prejudiced outlook towards the Muslim Community, which has a peaceful Mosque in the very center of the community.
Focus your discussion on the following:
Explain your viewpoint as to whether racism and religious bias are based on psychopathology of the officers or not.
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Assignment DetailsScenario Generally, we have considered sexual.docxfaithxdunce63732
Assignment Details
Scenario: Generally, we have considered sexual harassment actions or verbal abuse of women to be done by men. Over the past several decades, the culture of society has evolved. The diversity of sex and gender has erupted from male abuses of females based on their biology. Now, there are gender reassignments which allow for persons with the psychological inclination to be the gender other than what they were born as being possible. Further, there are a number of transgender persons who, while retaining their biological configuration, adopt the psyche and outward appearance through dress and mannerisms of what is considered to be the traditional opposite gender of their physiology.
Recently, a newly assigned outwardly female officer was found out by her teammates in a Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) unit to actually be a biological male. Several of the SWAT team members have come to you as the SWAT Command Leader and have voiced their concern because the transgender officer uses the ladies room, wears makeup, and dresses as a woman in her civilian attire at the end of the shift. The officers making the complaint are claiming that someone with a psychopathological problem should not be in the SWAT unit. You go to the Deputy Chief with their concerns and she tells you to prepare a briefing for the SWAT members concerning the requirements for SWAT team membership and that if an officer makes the grade, he or she has the opportunity to be a SWAT officer.
In a 3–5-page paper, you must explain to the officers, including those who complained as well as those who did not complain, that the department supports the assignment of the new officer and that according to law, she must be accepted as a valid member of the team so long as she is qualified. Further, explain that transphobia is not an acceptable attitude for members of the team and that any discriminatory action on the part of officers concerning the new officer would not be tolerated and would be met with appropriate disciplinary action.
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Assignment DetailsPower’s on, Power’s Off!How convenient is.docxfaithxdunce63732
The document is an assignment detailing for a student to analyze and discuss issues related to electricity usage and power outages. It provides background information on generating electricity and its environmental impacts. It then presents two scenarios for the student to respond to - one where the power is out, and one where the power is on. For the power outage scenario, the student is asked to discuss inconveniences, concerns if the outage lasts 3+ days, and their preferred backup power source. For the power on scenario, the student must analyze behaviors to reduce heating/cooling costs, how switching to LEDs can save on lighting costs, and ways to reduce hot water usage.
Assignment DetailsIn 1908, playwright Israel Zangwill referred to .docxfaithxdunce63732
Assignment Details
In 1908, playwright Israel Zangwill referred to America as a
melting pot
. Zangwill’s concept of the United States as a country where people of all cultures and nations are free to come and contribute to a common American culture remains a popular concept—even more than a century after its introduction.
More recently, the concept of the American mosaic asserts that American society consist not of melting pot in which people and cultures mix together to form a larger American culture, but as a mosaic in which ethnic groups come to the United States and coexist with other groups but maintain significant cultural and social distinctions among themselves.
Post a discussion that explores these themes by demonstrating how various cultures and ethnicities have contributed to modern American history and culture. Select 1 ethnic group, and include the following in your discussion:
Part 1
Explain a specific contribution that this group made to American society or culture.
Part 2
Evaluate the concepts of the melting pot and the American mosaic.
Which concept more accurately reflects the experiences of the ethnic group you chose? Support your assertion.
____________________________________________________________________________________
Choose one (1) Native American tribe residing within the continental United States (Lower 48 states) at the time of first European contact. Research various aspects of the chosen tribe’s culture or history. Make sure ample historical records exist for the chosen tribe. Some tribes are not well-documented in the existing historical record.
Topics that
need
to be researched include but are not limited to:
Describing what is known of the tribe’s pre-Columbian history, including settlement dates and any known cultural details.
Describing the cultural and religious beliefs of the chosen tribe.
Describing the tribe’s history after contact, including major events and armed conflicts that may have been important to the history of the tribe in the present day.
Explaining the history of at least one historical figure of the chosen tribe and events surrounding that individual’s life
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Assignment DetailsPart IRespond to the following.docxfaithxdunce63732
The document asks which crime data source provides the clearest and most helpful information between the Uniform Crime Report (UCR), National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), and International Crime Victims Survey (ICVS). The UCR collects crime statistics from law enforcement agencies across the US, while the NCVS surveys individuals about crimes they have experienced directly. The ICVS surveys individuals across multiple countries about crimes.
Assignment DetailsPlease discuss the following in your main post.docxfaithxdunce63732
Assignment Details
Please discuss the following in your main post:
Identify the classes of employees protected by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act.
Why was Affirmative Action put into place?
Do you think Title VII and Affirmative Action are still necessary? Why or why not?
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Assignment DetailsPennsylvania was the leader in sentencing and .docxfaithxdunce63732
Assignment Details
Pennsylvania was the leader in sentencing and correctional reform in the early history of the United States. Discuss what groups were associated with this reform.
Why did they want the reform?
Examine whether it was successful and if the reform brought forth further changes.
What influences did the system have on the correctional system today?
What influences have changed? Why?
Use the Internet, library, and any other resources available to research your answer. Submit a 4–5-page paper (double-spaced) to your instructor. Support your reasoning with outside sources. Be sure to reference all sources using APA style.
The following will be the grading criteria for this assignment:
20%:
Discuss what groups were associated with this reform.
10%:
Why did they want the reform?
20%:
Examine whether it was successful and if the reform brought forth further changes.
25%:
What direct influences do you see from the Pennsylvania system in the correctional systems used today?
25%:
What influences have changed? Why?
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Assignment DetailsPart IRespond to the followingReview .docxfaithxdunce63732
Assignment Details
Part I
Respond to the following:
Review your course materials and the Internet to find information on the crime data sources available for different countries and the United States. Which of the following crime data sources provides the clearest and most helpful information, and why?
Uniform Crime Report (UCR)
National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)
International Crime Victims Survey (ICVS)
United Nations Surveys on Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (UN-CTS)
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Assignment DetailsPart IRespond to the following questio.docxfaithxdunce63732
Assignment Details
Part I
Respond to the following questions:
What examples of organized crime can you find in the United States?
What factors contribute to the existence of the criminal organizations you described?
Provide examples of the ways in which the U.S. criminal justice system is dealing with the types of organized crime that you found.
What law enforcement agencies are involved?
How do those law enforcement agencies work to control organized crime?
Part II
Suggestions for responding to peer posts:
Review peers’ posts that used examples of different types of organized crime than the ones that you found.
Were some of the factors that he or she believes contributed to these crimes the same? What different factors were mentioned?
Are the methods of dealing with this type of organized crime different from those devised to deal with the type of organized crime that you found?
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Assignment DetailsPart IRespond to the following questions.docxfaithxdunce63732
Assignment Details
Part I
Respond to the following questions:
What examples of organized crime can you find in the United States?
What factors contribute to the existence of the criminal organizations you described?
Provide examples of the ways in which the U.S. criminal justice system is dealing with the types of organized crime that you found.
What law enforcement agencies are involved?
How do those law enforcement agencies work to control organized crime?
.
Assignment DetailsOne thing that unites all humans—despite cultu.docxfaithxdunce63732
Assignment Details
One thing that unites all humans—despite culture or time period—is the desire to be happy. Since the beginning of Western philosophy, philosophers have been asking the question, “How can I find happiness?” In popular culture, there are articles in magazines, newspapers, and discussions on the Internet and television about the pursuit of happiness.
Part 1
What are some of the ways that people pursue happiness?
Do you believe that it can be obtained?
Discuss with others what you consider to be an impression of the state of happiness.
Part 2
Why do you think that people differ in their interpretations of happiness?
What do your reading sources say about this?
Have you changed your perception of happiness over the years?
Discuss with 2 or more classmates their interpretation of happiness.
For assistance with your assignment, please use your text, Web resources, and all course materials.
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Assignment Details
MN551:
Develop cooperative relationships with clients when teaching concepts concerning pathological states to individuals and families
Select one of the case studies below, and include discussion of your strategy for winning the patients cooperation while teaching concepts concerning pathological states to them and their families.
Requirements
Make sure all of the topics in the case study have been addressed.
Cite at least three sources; journal articles, textbooks or evidenced-based websites to support the content.
All sources must be within five years.
Do not use .com, Wikipedia, or up-to-date, etc., for your sources.
Case Study 1
Concepts of Altered Health in Older Adults
Joseph P. is an 82-year-old male living at home. He is in overall good health and enjoys taking long walks as often as possible. During his walks, he likes to stop for a cold glass of fruit juice at the local cafeteria. On cold or rainy days, he rides a stationary bicycle at home for 30 minutes to “stay in good shape.”
What physiological factors would typically increase Joseph’s risk of falling while walking outdoors?
What are the common changes in blood pressure regulation that occurs with aging?
Joseph enjoys fruit juice when he walks. Considering the renal system in the older adult, why would dehydration be a particular concern?
Case Study 2
Structure and Function of the Kidney
Rivka is an active 21-year-old who decided to take a day off from her university classes. The weather was hot and the sun bright, so she decided to go down to the beach. When she arrived, she found a few people playing beach volleyball, and they asked if she wanted to join in. She put down her school bag and began to play. The others were well prepared for their day out and stopped throughout the game to have their power drinks and soda pop. Several hours after they began to play, however, Rivka was not feeling so good. She stopped sweating and was feeling dizzy. One player noted she had not taken a washroom break at all during the day. They found a shaded area for her, and one of the players shared his power drink with her. Rivka was thirstier than she realized and quickly finished the drink.
In pronounced dehydration, hypotension can occur. How would this affect the glomerular filtration rate of the kidney? What actions by the juxtaglomerular apparatus would occur to restore GFR?
What is the effect aldosterone has on the distal convoluted tubule? Why would the actions of aldosterone be useful to Rivka in her situation?
What does a specific gravity test measure? If someone tested the specific gravity of Rivka’s urine, what might it indicate?
Case Study 3
Disorders of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
Amanda is an 18-year-old with anorexia nervosa. She was recently admitted to an eating disorders clinic with a BMI of 13.9, and although she was a voluntary patient, she was reluctant about the treatment. She was convinced she was overweigh.
Assignment DetailsInfluence ProcessesYou have been encourag.docxfaithxdunce63732
The document outlines an assignment to write an 8-10 page report comparing the influence processes of three leaders. The report must include: an introduction to influence processes; an explanation of the role of influence in leadership; a discussion of influence process types and factors; a methodology for selecting leaders; an analysis of the influence processes used by the three leaders; a discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of the leaders' influence processes relative to challenges; and a summary of key attributes of the leaders' influence processes for effecting organizational change. The report needs citations and references in APA style.
Assignment DetailsIn this assignment, you will identify and .docxfaithxdunce63732
Assignment Details
In this assignment, you will identify and select a historical or present-day terrorist group to describe and develop a group profile of. In 2–3 pages, address the following:
Identify and select a present-day or historical terrorist group. Identify the group’s underlying motivation, purpose, and objectives.
Develop the group’s profile by crafting a background and discussion on how your selected group was established, how it evolved, and how it ceased to exist, as applicable. If the group is still operating, outline how and why it continues to exist.
Develop and explore some potential counterterrorism or mitigative options. For a historical group, outline how the group was dealt with to the point that it no longer served as an influencing factor.
Be sure to reference all sources using APA style.
.
Assignment DetailsFinancial statements are the primary means of .docxfaithxdunce63732
Assignment Details
Financial statements are the primary means of communicating financial information to users. It is important to have a firm understanding of the income statement, balance sheet, and statement of cash flows. Managers will make decisions daily that will have an effect on the elements of the accounting equation: Assets = Liabilities + Owners’ Equity. Managerial accounting reports use these same financial statements but also incorporate non-financial information that will assist internal users in making strategic and tactical decisions. For this reason, it is important for you to understand how decisions will affect the accounting equation.
The following spreadsheet is for Manhattan Family Dentistry on January 1 of the current year.
Complete the following balance sheet for Manhattan Family Dentistry on January 4 of the current year.
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Assignment DetailsIn this assignment, you will identify a pr.docxfaithxdunce63732
Assignment Details
In this assignment, you will identify a present-day controversial issue, such as immigration, government encroachment on privacy, anti-capitalism, and so on. In 2–3 pages, address the following:
Identify and select a present-day issue that can potentially polarize a specific risk group.
Develop and explore the issue and why it can serve as a polarizing and divisive issue. Discuss how certain risk populations can become radicalized and justify the use of violence to elevate their position.
Place yourself in the role of a policy maker. What kind of legislation could you propose to address the social, political, or economic conditions you described above? How will your proposed solutions improve conditions for the specific risk group you identified?
Be sure to reference all sources using APA style.
.
Assignment DetailsHealth information technology (health IT) .docxfaithxdunce63732
Assignment Details
Health information technology (health IT) makes it possible for health care providers to better manage patient care through secure use and sharing of health information. Health IT includes the use of electronic health records (EHRs) instead of paper medical records to maintain people's health information.
Share the EHR platform that your practice uses and discuss the challenges and barriers to electronic charting. Why have we moved from paper charting to EHR’s? What is meant by meaningful use regulations and why is this important to know when documenting in the EHR?
Please support your work with at least three evidence based practice resources that are less than 5 years old.
Written Paper (Microsoft Word doc): minimum 2000 words using 6th edition APA formatting
Please review the grading rubric under Course Resources in the Grading Rubric section.
.
Assignment DetailsDiscuss the followingWhat were some of .docxfaithxdunce63732
Assignment Details
Discuss the following:
What were some of the major criticisms that led some states to abandon the indeterminate sentence and parole?
Do you support abolition of indeterminate sentence and parole? Why or why not? Please support your position.
Be sure to cite all references in APA format.
.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Critical Review of Published ArticlesAccording to the syllabus, .docx
1. Critical Review of Published Articles
According to the syllabus, MGMT 650 students are
… required to complete a critical review of one research
orientated journal article. The article will be selected by the
student with approval of the instructor from peer-reviewed
journals in an area of interest to the student. The article
reviewed will use descriptive statistics that the student has been
exposed to in the first 4 - 6 weeks of this course. Students will
choose articles to review from UMUC’s library resources.
For the article, students may select a topic of their interest. The
empirical research article, “Academic procrastination and
statistics anxiety” used for Sessions 1 and 2 Discussion
assignments (see Conferences section), is an example of a
descriptive statistical research article. In addition, the students
are encouraged to use UMUC’s Library to locate an empirical
research article. Finally, the instructor of the course must
approve the article. Students should upload the pdf version of
the article in the Workbook section of the online class.
Empirical Research Articles
If you never read an empirical research article, the following
web sites will help you to understand the difference between a
primary empirical research article and a secondary article:
1. http://www.nsu.edu/library/pdf/EmpiricalResearch.pdf
2. http://www.up.edu/showimage/show.aspx?file=12944
APA Writing Style
To help with the organization of the critique information in the
5- to 7-page report, the students are required to use APA format
6th edition with headings and subheadings.
Critique Report Format
The critique report format was adapted from the University of
Michigan web site:
http://open.umich.edu/sites/default/files/Topic8Assignment-
2. CritiqueArticle.pdf.
1. Title page, which includes (a) title of the empirical research
article and author’s name(s), (b) your name, (c) Turnitin
reliability index score, (d) running head with continuous page
numbers, and (e) date. The title page does not count towards the
5- to 7-pages for the critique report.
2. Problem statement and purpose (Answer the following
questions; however, do not write the questions in the report.) In
addition, from the empirical research report, include the page
number(s) to answers the questions:
a. What were the purpose and/or problem of the research study?
b. What are the independent and dependent variables of the
study? Correctly, identify the independent and dependent
variables.
3. Review of literature and theoretical framework (Answer the
following questions; however, do not write the questions in the
report.) In addition, from the empirical research report, include
the page number(s) to answers the questions:
a. What concepts/theories are included in the review? Please
explain them.
b. Did the author discuss the independent and dependent
variables? If so, provide examples from the literature review.
4. Hypotheses and/or research questions (Answer the following
questions; however, do not write the questions in the report.) In
addition, from the empirical research report, include the page
number(s) to answers the questions:
a. What hypothesis/hypotheses and/or research question(s) are
stated in the study?
b. Is the hypothesis(es) or research question(s) testable? Please
explain.
5. Sample population (Answer the following questions;
however, do not write the questions in the report.) In addition,
from the empirical research report, include the page number(s)
to answers the questions:
a. How was the sample selected? Please explain.
b. Which sampling method was used (probability or
3. nonprobability)? Please explain.
c. Was the sample size appropriate? Please explain.
d. What are the limitations of the sample population? Please
explain.
6. Research design (Answer the following questions; however,
do not write the questions in the report.) In addition, from the
empirical research report, include the page number(s) to
answers the questions:
a. Which type of research design was used? Please explain.
b. Does the research design support the hypothesis(es) and/or
research question(s)? Please explain.
7. Data collection (Answer the following questions; however, do
not write the questions in the report.) In addition, from the
empirical research report, include the page number(s) to
answers the questions:
a. How was the data collected? Please explain with example(s).
8. Analysis of data. (Answer the following questions; however,
do not write the questions in the report.) In addition, from the
empirical research report, include the page number(s) to
answers the questions: What level of measurement was used to
measure the variable(s)? Please explain. Which descriptive
statistical was used for calculation? Please explain with
example(s). If tables and/or figures were used, did they
appropriately illustrate the statistical results of the collected
data? Please explain.
9. Conclusion/Discussion. (Answer the following questions;
however, do not write the questions in the report.) In addition,
from the empirical research report, include the page number(s)
to answers the questions: Was the hypothesis(es) and/or
research question(s) supported or not supported? Please explain.
What were the validity threats to the study? Please explain.
10. Recommendations. If you were to conduct the study, please
explain the changes you would make to strengthen the validity
of the study.
11. Reference section. This section only applies if you cite
other sources in the critique report. In addition, the Reference
4. section does not count towards the required 5- to 7-page for the
critique report.
O R I G I N A L A R T I C L E
Pediatric inpatient falls and injuries: A descriptive analysis
of risk factorsjspn_315 10..18
Patricia L. Schaffer, Nancy M. Daraiseh, Lynn Daum, Ed
Mendez, Li Lin, and Myra Martz Huth
Patricia L. Schaffer, MSN, RN, is a Clinical Program Manager;
Nancy M. Daraiseh, PhD, is a Research Scientist; Lynn Daum,
BSN, RN-BC, is a Decision
Support Analyst; Ed Mendez, MPH, RN, was a Clinical Program
Manager; Li Lin, MS, is a Statistician; and Myra Martz Huth,
PhD, RN, FAAN, was the
Assistant Vice President, Research and Evidence-Based
Practice, Center for Professional Excellence, Cincinnati
Children’s Hospital Medical Center,
Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
Search terms
Fall prevalence, fall prevention, fall risk factor,
hospitalized children’s fall.
Author contact
[email protected], with a copy to the
Editor: [email protected]
Disclosure. The authors report no financial
5. interests or potential conflicts of interest.
First Received June 21, 2010; Revision received
May 18, 2011; Accepted for publication July 29,
2011.
doi: 10.1111/j.1744-6155.2011.00315.x
Abstract
Purpose. This study identified patient characteristics and
environmental
factors related to falls and injuries at one pediatric hospital.
Design and Methods. This descriptive study was part of a
multisite study
based on inpatient pediatric falls reported over a 6-month
period.
Results. Fall prevalence was .84/1,000 patient days. Thirty-one
of the 53
falls (58.5%) resulted in injury; 17% required treatment. Of the
injured
children, 83% were developmentally appropriate, 58% were in
the hospital
room, and five fell from a bed.
Practice Implications. Comprehensive fall prevention programs
are
required to promote patient safety.
Falls are the leading cause of nonfatal injuries treated
in emergency departments in the United States
(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention—
Injury Center, 2007). Statistics identified that in
children from birth to 19 years old, there were
6. more than 2 million falls a year (Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention—Injury Center, 2007).
Therefore, children’s falls are a safety concern.
As nurses, this leads to the question: Do we need
to be concerned about children’s falls in the
hospital or is it part of normal childhood growth and
development?
Children’s falls have the potential for injury and
other negative patient outcomes (e.g., increased
length of hospital stay and increased costs). When
hospitalized, it becomes the healthcare profession-
al’s responsibility to keep the patient safe. This is not
limited to medication administration and treatment
modalities but to all hospitalized patient experiences
that have a potential risk for harm. Patient safety
must be a priority for all healthcare professionals.
The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health-
care Organizations (2010) recommends a proactive
approach to safety risks by assessing for fall risk and
by implementing strategies to prevent falls.
This study describes fall events at a free-standing
pediatric academic medical center and was part of a
larger multisite study developed by Child Health
Corporation of America (CHCA). The overall
purpose of the multisite study was to identify the
patient characteristics and environmental factors
related to falls. Additionally, the investigators will
describe in this paper the factors that differed
between the injury-related falls versus noninjury-
related falls in the hospitalized children.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
8. risk of a fall. The external environment consists of
variables that may contribute to the client’s line of
resistance (i.e., the location, source of the fall, and
surface conditions). The interactions of these envi-
ronments may result in increasing or decreasing the
risk for a fall and the potential for injury as a result.
BACKGROUND/LITERATURE REVIEW
More than three decades ago, the literature
described falls in hospitalized children (Helfer,
Slovis, & Black, 1977). Helfer and colleagues (1977)
reviewed hospital incident reports involving the falls
of children 5 years old and younger. Over a 6-year
period of time, there were 85 incidents of children
falling from a bed, crib, or examination table. Seven-
teen of these children were reported to have cuts,
scratches, or epistaxis; 20 children had a bump or
bruise; and one child had a fractured skull. In the
1990s, several other studies reported skull and
clavicle fractures from falls in hospitalized children
younger than 6 years (Levene & Bonfield, 1991;
Lyons & Oates, 1993). A limitation of these studies
was that they lacked reported rates.
Thirty-three years after the publication by Helfer
and colleagues (1977), there has been a renewed
interest in children’s falls and fall prevention. In
part, this interest has been driven by regulatory
and public health agencies who are expecting
healthcare facilities to reduce the risk of patient
harm resulting from falls (Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, 2009; The Joint Commis-
sion on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations,
2010). The purpose of the subsequent review was
9. to present studies that identified the prevalence
and environment surrounding pediatric falls in
hospitalized patients.
Razmus, Wilson, Smith, and Newman (2006)
identified episodes of disorientation and fall history
as best predictors in hospitalized children using vali-
dated adult-risk scales. A retrospective chart review
was conducted on 100 identified fallers and 100
non-fallers. The majority of the sample was White
(78%) males (58%). In the group of fallers, in 83%
of the time, family members were present at the
time of the fall. Falls occurred most often on pediat-
ric inpatient units (81%), in the child’s room (87%),
and when the child was going to the bathroom
(22%). Thirty-five percent of the time the equip-
ment involved in the fall was a bed and was most
often an adult-size bed (87%). Statistically signifi-
cant predictors for pediatric falls were episodes of
disorientation and fall history.
Outcome (Primary)
Fall
Injury
Outcome (Secondary)
Treatment for Injury
External
Environment
Created
Environment
11. was that the majority of falls were reported in
the emergency department (34%), yet during
post-implementation, the majority occurred
on the general pediatric unit (18%). No injuries
were reported pre-implementation, but post-
implementation, 51% of the falls resulted in a
minor injury (e.g., abrasion, bruise, and hema-
toma), and two required sutures. The authors did
not report any pre-implementation injury rates.
Comparisons between groups were difficult
because of the differing periods of time (26 months
versus 6 months) for data collection and unre-
ported statistics.
Monson, Henry, Lambert, Schmutz, and Chris-
tensen (2008) described the incidence of neonatal
hospital falls. The descriptive retrospective data in
this study were collected from electronic health
records and paper risk-management records of
88,774 neonates in an 18-hospital healthcare
system. During a 36-month period of time, 14
infants sustained a hospital fall. The estimated inci-
dence was 1.6 falls per 10,000 live births. Seven of
the 14 falls were the result of a parent falling asleep,
and the majority of these falls occurred between
1:30 and 9:00 a.m. The other falls occurred in the
delivery room, hallway, and from an infant swing.
No deaths occurred as a result of an infant fall;
however, one neonate sustained a skull fracture.
Most recently, CHCA utilized a survey to obtain
information about the fall practices of member pedi-
atric hospitals. The response rate was 69%. Twenty-
eight of the 29 participating hospitals reported that
pediatric falls were tracked in their organizations.
This survey illuminated the lack of standard defini-
12. tions for pediatric falls, variation in fall classification,
and fall rates. Risk identification was reported by
89% of hospitals. While 81% reported using an
institution-developed tool, the other six hospitals
reported using a validated fall risk-assessment tool.
Strategies to prevent pediatric falls varied among the
pediatric hospitals (CHCA Nursing Falls Study Task
Force, 2009).
In summary, the findings from these pediatric fall
studies provide evidence that falls continue to occur
not only in hospitalized children and adolescents but
also in neonates. Reported injuries ranged from
bruises and lacerations requiring sutures to skull
fractures. The majority of studies reviewed used ret-
rospective chart reviews to obtain data. The litera-
ture also reports that further attention is needed in
the use of pediatric risk-assessment tools and hospi-
tal fall prevention initiatives.
METHODS
The research questions that guided this study
were (a) What demographic and environmental
characteristics describe hospitalized children’s falls
and resulting injuries? and (b) What risk factors
and outcomes describe hospitalized children’s
falls and resulting injuries?
Sample/setting
A retrospective, descriptive design was used. All
patients with fall events reported over a 6-month
period were evaluated for inclusion in the study. For
the purpose of this study, a fall event was defined as
14. lighting, relation to procedures/treatments, loss of
function, and the length of stay at the time of the fall.
Patient information variables were age in years
and months, weight, gender, developmental status,
maternal race, American Society of Anesthesiolo-
gists physical status, level of consciousness, sedative
response, visual deficits, mobility, balance, history
of syncope/dizziness, history of hyperactivity/
attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, restraint
use, and sedative/narcotic use within 4 hr prior to
the fall. Fall risk-assessment data were collected
about the risk-assessment tool, risk-alert mecha-
nism, risk documentation, and fall prevention
interventions.
Institutional review board approval was received
prior to data collection. Prior to data collection, clini-
cal staff and management were informed of the
purpose of this study, what should be reported as a
fall according to the above definition, and the expec-
tation that all falls were to be reported regardless of
whether or not an injury had occurred.
The study team was trained on the data collection
tool and the identification of inpatients who met
study criteria. Following training, four team
members independently completed the data collec-
tion tool on a patient who met study criteria to
evaluate inter-rater reliability. This was performed
twice followed by a dialogue regarding discrepancies
and responses documented on the tool. A manual of
operations was created to help team members stan-
dardize their approach to interpreting the primary
data and to provide consistent data collection. By the
third time this sample data collection was completed
with an actual patient fall, the inter-rater reliability
15. reached 90% agreement.
Data collection
The staff member who witnessed the fall event, or
discovered that the patient had fallen, reported the
fall. A severity level was assigned by investigators
according to the outcome of the patient fall. The
severity category labeled “major” was defined to
include injuries resulting in a fracture or sutures.
“Moderate” injuries were classified as bleeding from
any wound caused by the fall. “Minor” injuries were
defined as children who obtained abrasions, bruises,
reddened areas, contusions, and swelling or com-
plaint of pain in the affected area. The data collector
and study coordinators were notified daily of any
reported falls and reviewed the information to deter-
mine if the patient met the study criteria.
The data collector completed the data collection
form upon determining eligibility using the reported
information. Data were collected within 72 hr of
receiving the alert that a fall had been reported.
Information that was not accessible through the
initial reporting and the electronic medical record
was identified by the data collector and shared with
the study coordinators. For any missing or unclear
data, a coordinator would contact the patient care
unit within 72 hr of notification to have a brief con-
versation with the nurse who witnessed or reported
the fall or the nurse caring for the patient at the time
of this clarification call. The staff was informed prior
to the beginning of the study that they would be
contacted to clarify any missing data. These addi-
tional clarifying data were entered into the data col-
16. lection sheet.
Data analysis
Due to the small sample size and the low power of the
inferential analysis, descriptive and frequency analy-
ses were used to summarize the sample demographic
information and survey items. Figure 2 depicts the
distribution of sample sizes used in the analysis. A
Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to test age and
weight differences between the two fall types (injury
versus noninjury). All the analyses were conducted
by using SAS 9.2 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA).
RESULTS
Fifty-three falls that met study criteria were
recorded during the 6-month data collection period.
Of the 51 patients in this study, two patients fell
twice. These falls occurred over 62,814 patient days,
which resulted in a prevalence rate of .84 falls per
1,000 patient days.
Sample characteristics
Children’s ages ranged from 4 months to 17 years
with a median of 9 years and an interquartile range
(IQR) of 2–14 years. Their weight ranged from 7.4 to
124 kg with a median of 32.4 kg and an IQR of 14.2–
53.5 kg. This sample was primarily White (67.9%)
males (58.5%) who had no history of falls (52.8%)
or seizures (84.9%). Ninety-eight percent of the
P. L. Schaffer et al. Pediatric Inpatient Falls and Injuries: A
Descriptive Analysis of Risk Factors
19. injured, six (19.4%) had a sedative in the 4 hr prior
to the reported fall. Eight (25.8%) of the injury
events were reported to have had surgery/
anesthesia, and six (75%) of these events were
longer than 24 hr prior to the fall. External environ-
mental factors included the location, source of the
fall, floor surface conditions, and who witnessed the
fall (see Table 3). Eighteen fall events (58.1%)
resulting in an injured child occurred in the hospital
room, and no child was dropped. Five events where
injury occurred, the child fell from the hospital bed.
The floor surface was linoleum in 12 of the injured
cases (54.6%). Of the 53 falls, 37 were witnessed
(69.8%).
The primary outcomes explored in our framework
were fall and injury. Of the 53 falls that were
reported, 31 falls resulted in an injury. Twenty-four
of the 31 falls (77.4%) resulted in a minor injury,
and seven of the 31 falls (22.6%) were categorized as
Table 1. Client/Internal Environment Factors
Total (N = 53) Injured (n = 31) Not injured (n = 22)
Age (years)a, median (IQR) 9 (2, 14) 9.5 (2, 14) 8 (3, 13)
Age-group, n (%)
Less than 1 year 2 (3.8) 2 (6.5) 0 (0)
1 year to <3 years 11 (20.8) 7 (22.6) 4 (18.2)
3 years to <5 years 5 (9.4) 3 (9.7) 2 (9.1)
5 years to <12 years 16 (30.2) 6 (19.4) 10 (45.5)
12 years to <18 years 19 (35.9) 13 (41.9) 6 (27.3)
20. Weight (kg)a, median (IQR) 32.4 (14.2, 53.5) 33.3 (14.8, 56.7)
26.3 (13.1, 44.4)
Gender, n (%)
Male 31 (58.5) 18 (58.1) 13 (59.1)
Female 22 (41.5) 13 (41.9) 9 (40.9)
Race, n (%)
Asian 1 (1.9) 1 (3.2) 0 (0)
Black or African American 16 (30.2) 8 (25.8) 8 (36.4)
White 36 (67.9) 22 (71.0) 14 (63.6)
Developmental status, n (%)
Appropriate for age 42 (79.3) 26 (83.9) 16 (72.7)
Delayed/mental retardation 9 (17.0) 4 (12.9) 5 (22.7)
Unknown 2 (3.8) 1 (3.2) 1 (4.6)
Level of consciousness, n (%)
Alert 52 (98.1) 31 (100.0) 21 (95.2)
Unknown 1 (1.9) 0 (0) 1 (4.8)
Mental state, n (%)
Oriented/appropriate for age 45 (84.9) 28 (90.3) 17 (77.3)
Disoriented/confused 5 (9.4) 2 (6.5) 3 (13.6)
Unknown 3 (5.7) 1 (3.2) 2 (9.1)
Mobility, n (%)
Independent and unassisted 39 (3.6) 22 (71.0) 17 (77.3)
22. “major.” The secondary outcome was treatment for
injury; nine (29%) of the 31 falls received medical or
surgical treatment for their injuries (Table 4).
DISCUSSION
In support of prior research (Cooper & Nolt, 2007;
Helfer et al., 1977; Levene & Bonfield, 1991;
Monson et al., 2008; Razmus et al., 2006), our
results show that children are falling in the hospital
while under care for other conditions. Inpatient falls
have been identified as a significant patient safety
risk by both The Joint Commission (McGreevey,
2005) and the Institute of Medicine (Kohn, Corri-
gan, & Donaldson, 2000), underscoring the rel-
evance of these types of occurrences. Although
prevalence rates in this study (.84/1,000 patient
days) and in others (.51–.99/1,000 patient days;
Cooper & Nolt, 2007; Hill-Rodriguez et al., 2009;
Neiman, Rannie, Thrasher, Terry, & Kahn, 2011) are
less than one fall per 1,000 patient days, injuries
resulting from these falls may impact the quality of
care, length of stay, and patient/family satisfaction.
To prevent these fall occurrences and injury out-
comes, a comprehensive assessment of the factors
Table 2. Created Environment Factors
Injured
(n = 31) n (%)
Not injured
(n = 22) n (%)
Type of footwear (n = 38)
23. Athletic shoes 5 (22.7) 2 (12.5)
Bare feet 4 (18.2) 1 (6.3)
Slip resistant socks 1 (4.6) 1 (6.3)
Socks only 2 (9.1) 3 (18.8)
Other 1 (4.6) 0 (0)
Unknown 9 (40.9) 9 (56.3)
Was a risk tool used to
assess risk (n = 53)
Yes 24 (77.4) 16 (72.7)
No 7 (22.6) 6 (27.3)
Identified to be at risk (n = 40)
Yes 9 (37.5) 8 (50.0)
No 15 (62.5) 8 (50.0)
Specific fall prevention
interventions in plan
of care (n = 17)
Yes 6 (66.7) 7 (87.5)
No 3 (33.3) 1 (12.5)
Post surgery/anesthesia (n = 53)
Yes 8 (25.8) 7 (31.8)
No 23 (74.2) 15 (68.2)
24. Sedative/narcotic in past
4 hr (n = 53)
Yes 6 (19.4) 4 (18.2)
No 25 (80.7) 18 (81.8)
Sedative response (n = 10)
Minimal—normal response
to verbal commands
6 (100) 4 (100)
Moderate—purposeful response
to verbal commands with/without
tactile stimulation
0 (0) 0 (0)
Deep—purposeful response
following repeated or painful
stimulation
0 (0) 0 (0)
Table 3. External Environmental Factors
Injured
n (%)
25. Not injured
n (%)
Location (N = 53)
Patient room, nonintensive care 18 (58.1) 11 (50)
Patient room, intensive care 0 (0) 1 (4.6)
Other patient care area 2 (6.5) 2 (9.1)
Patient bathroom 5 (16.1) 4 (18.2)
Playroom 3 (9.7) 0 (0)
Hallway 1 (3.2) 4 (18.2)
Stairs 1 (3.2) 0 (0)
Other public area, inside hospital 1 (3.2) 0 (0)
If fell/rolled off, from what (n = 13)
Crib 1 (12.5) 0 (0)
Bed 4 (50) 3 (60)
Chair/high chair/car seat 2 (25) 1 (20)
Other 1 (12.5) 1 (20)
Environmental surface (n = 38)
Tile (porcelain/marble) 1 (4.6) 2 (12.5)
Wood/laminate 6 (27.3) 0 (0)
Linoleum 12 (54.6) 13 (81.3)
26. Concrete/asphalt 1 (4.6) 0 (0)
Other 2 (9.1) 1 (6.3)
Witnessed bya (n = 37)
Healthcare provider/employee 10 (50.0) 7 (41.2)
Parent/family member 8 (40.0) 4 (23.5)
Other visitor 0 (0) 1 (5.9)
Parent/family and healthcare provider 2 (10.0) 5 (29.4)
aMultiple choice question that allowed multiple entries.
Table 4. Outcomes of Falls
Injured (n = 31) n (%)
Injury severity
Minor 24 (77.4)
Moderate 7 (22.6)
Major 0 (0)
Injury require medical/surgical treatment
Yes 9 (29.0)
No 22 (71.0)
Diagnostic procedures ordered as a result of injury
Yes 1 (3.2)
No 30 (96.8)
28. dren had fallen and were deemed to be at risk for
falling per this organization’s fall risk-assessment
tool, 53% were injured. However, of the 23 pediatric
fallers not found to be at risk, 65% (15 falls) of the
children sustained an injury. This emphasizes the
need for a more predictive tool. (This study’s tool
had a sensitivity of 44%.) This sensitivity calculation
is limited in that this organization’s fall risk-
assessment tool by hospital policy was not required
to be used in children younger than 3 years of age,
nor in psychiatric patients. Information about the
number of patients who were assessed by the risk-
assessment tool, but did not fall, was not collected in
this study; hence, specificity, positive predictive
value, and odds ratios could not be calculated. Only
two thirds of the at-risk falls with injury had the risk
documented in the patients’ medical records or pre-
vention strategies in their plan of care. More impor-
tantly, any fall has the potential outcome of an
injury; thus, increased education on the importance
of risk documentation and effective prevention
strategies in the created environment is imperative.
LIMITATIONS
The survey used in this study was developed by
members of the CHCA Nursing Falls Study Task
Force and was not reported as a tool with established
reliability and validity. The data collectors dialogued
with the staff reporting the fall to augment informa-
tion not captured on the initial report or the patient’s
medical record; yet, when the details were not recol-
lected, “unknown” was the chosen response to some
questions on the data collection form. For example,
more than one third of the patients did not have
29. their fall history identified and were thus marked as
“unknown.”
This study utilized a convenience sample from one
site and only included inpatients, limiting the gener-
alizability of the findings. Because data were only
collected about pediatric patients that fell, it is not
sufficient to help practitioners determine what risk
factors to optimally include in the development of a
pediatric falls risk-assessment tool. A larger multisite
study currently being conducted by a group of inves-
tigators and CHCA will better inform pediatric
centers about the risk factors that are associated with
falls in children younger than 18 years of age. This
may begin to impact the development of an optimal
pediatric-specific falls risk-assessment tool. At our
organization, prior to this study, children younger
than 3 years of age who fell without injury were
typically not reported. Although staff were
instructed to report falls in children of all ages for
this study, it is possible that falls among some of the
younger patients may not have been reported and
thus not captured during the 6-month study. Finally
due to the relatively small sample size and cross-
sectional nature of the study, no causal relationships
can be established.
CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH
Several misconceptions surrounding children who
fall were challenged by results found here. Indeed,
the majority of falls and injuries occurred in patients
whose developmental status and mental state were
appropriate for their ages. Most children were alert
with no history of falls or seizures. Of the fall events
captured in this study, few children had sedatives/
31. infants and children of all ages.
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How might this information affect
nursing practice?
Nurses are required to provide a safe environment
for all patients, which includes the prevention of
falls. They are responsible to manage the environ-
ment to promote the highest level of patient safety
while customizing the plan of care to address the
uniqueness of the client/internal environment.
The nurse has a significant role in leading this
safety initiative through managing a comprehen-
sive fall prevention program that includes assessing
for fall risk, intervening to prevent falls, and
detailed reporting of falls to inform better assess-
ment and prevention strategies. If a patient is iden-
tified as being at risk for a fall, visual cues should be
implemented, and fall precautions should be docu-
mented in the medical record. Fall risk should be
identified during all caregiver handoffs. Selected
fall prevention strategies should be implemented
and taught as indicated by the patient condition. In
their care planning, nurses select which strategies
are appropriate for the patient, based on age, con-
dition, and risk factors.
Pediatric Inpatient Falls and Injuries: A Descriptive Analysis of
Risk Factors P. L. Schaffer et al.
18 Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing 17 (2012) 10–18