Critical Observation.pptx
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Critical observation is key to forensic science. Observation is how we perceive our surroundings, though our brain can filter what we take in. It's important to make observations with a heightened sense of vigilance, as our perceptions don't always reflect reality. When observing, we should make notes of what we see and write down any questions, asking them at the right time to enhance our observation skills.
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© 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.
1
module 10.1
Conscious and Unconscious Processes
After studying this module, you should be able to:
Explain why early psychologists abandoned the study of consciousness and why new developments now make such a study possible.
List methods of presenting a stimulus while preventing conscious perception of it.
Describe how a consciously perceived stimulus activates brain areas differently from the same stimulus when not consciously perceived.
Cite evidence that the brain processes some information unconsciously.
Discuss cases in which people in a vegetative state showed evidence of consciousness.
Describe and evaluate evidence that brain activity responsible for a movement begins before the conscious decision to make that movement.
© 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.
2
Measuring Consciousness
Psychologists long ago abandoned the study of consciousness, but today research is possible because of:
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Methods of measuring brain activity
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Masking – a procedure of preceding or following a stimulus with an interfering pattern that might prevent consciousness of the stimulus
Flash suppression – a procedure of blocking consciousness of a stationary visual stimulus by surrounding it with rapidly flashing items
Binocular rivalry – alteration between seeing the pattern in the left retina and the pattern in the right retina
© 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.
Psychology began in the late 1800s as the scientific study of the conscious mind. However, researchers soon abandoned the effort. The behaviorists argued convincingly that consciousness is an internal, private experience that researchers cannot observe or measure. At the time they were certainly right, as they had no method to measure brain activity or anything else that might correlate with a private experience. Therefore, psychologists redefined their field as the study of behavior.
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10Consciousness© 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.
10
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© 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.
1
module 10.1
Conscious and Unconscious Processes
After studying this module, you should be able to:
Explain why early psychologists abandoned the study of consciousness and why new developments now make such a study possible.
List methods of presenting a stimulus while preventing conscious perception of it.
Describe how a consciously perceived stimulus activates brain areas differently from the same stimulus when not consciously perceived.
Cite evidence that the brain processes some information unconsciously.
Discuss cases in which people in a vegetative state showed evidence of consciousness.
Describe and evaluate evidence that brain activity responsible for a movement begins before the conscious decision to make that movement.
© 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.
2
Measuring Consciousness
Psychologists long ago abandoned the study of consciousness, but today research is possible because of:
An operational definition
“If a cooperative person reports being conscious (aware) of one stimulus and not of another, then he or she was conscious of the first and not the second.”
Limited research questions
Methods of measuring brain activity
Ways of controlling consciousness of a stimulus
Masking – a procedure of preceding or following a stimulus with an interfering pattern that might prevent consciousness of the stimulus
Flash suppression – a procedure of blocking consciousness of a stationary visual stimulus by surrounding it with rapidly flashing items
Binocular rivalry – alteration between seeing the pattern in the left retina and the pattern in the right retina
© 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.
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© 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.
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module 10.1
Conscious and Unconscious Processes
After studying this module, you should be able to:
Explain why early psychologists abandoned the study of consciousness and why new developments now make such a study possible.
List methods of presenting a stimulus while preventing conscious perception of it.
Describe how a consciously perceived stimulus activates brain areas differently from the same stimulus when not consciously perceived.
Cite evidence that the brain processes some information unconsciously.
Discuss cases in which people in a vegetative state showed evidence of consciousness.
Describe and evaluate evidence that brain activity responsible for a movement begins before the conscious decision to make that movement.
© 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.
2
Measuring Consciousness
Psychologists long ago abandoned the study of consciousness, but today research is possible because of:
An operational definition
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Limited research questions
Methods of measuring brain activity
Ways of controlling consciousness of a stimulus
Masking – a procedure of preceding or following a stimulus with an interfering pattern that might prevent consciousness of the stimulus
Flash suppression – a procedure of blocking consciousness of a stationary visual stimulus by surrounding it with rapidly flashing items
Binocular rivalry – alteration between seeing the pattern in the left retina and the pattern in the right retina
© 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.
Psychology began in the late 1800s as the scientific study of the conscious mind. However, researchers soon abandoned the effort. The behaviorists argued convincingly that consciousness is an internal, private experience that researchers cannot observe or measure. At the time they were certainly right, as they had no method to measure brain activity or anything else that might correlate with a private experience. Therefore, psychologists redefined their field as the study of behavior.
Although the behaviorists were right at their time that research on consciousness was impossible, times have changed. Four advances have facilitated meaningful research:
An operational definition of consciousness
Limited, answerable questions
Modern methods to measure brain activity
Ways of controlling consciousness of a stimulus
A dictionary might define consciousness as the subjective experience of perceiving oneself and one’s surroundings. However, that definition relies on the phrase “subjective experience,” which is no better defined than consciousness itself. Researchers use this operational definition: If a cooperative person reports being conscious (aware) of one stimulus and not of another, then he or she was conscious of the first and not the second.
For the time being, we postpone the questions ...
10Consciousness© 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.
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© 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.
1
module 10.1
Conscious and Unconscious Processes
After studying this module, you should be able to:
Explain why early psychologists abandoned the study of consciousness and why new developments now make such a study possible.
List methods of presenting a stimulus while preventing conscious perception of it.
Describe how a consciously perceived stimulus activates brain areas differently from the same stimulus when not consciously perceived.
Cite evidence that the brain processes some information unconsciously.
Discuss cases in which people in a vegetative state showed evidence of consciousness.
Describe and evaluate evidence that brain activity responsible for a movement begins before the conscious decision to make that movement.
© 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.
2
Measuring Consciousness
Psychologists long ago abandoned the study of consciousness, but today research is possible because of:
An operational definition
“If a cooperative person reports being conscious (aware) of one stimulus and not of another, then he or she was conscious of the first and not the second.”
Limited research questions
Methods of measuring brain activity
Ways of controlling consciousness of a stimulus
Masking – a procedure of preceding or following a stimulus with an interfering pattern that might prevent consciousness of the stimulus
Flash suppression – a procedure of blocking consciousness of a stationary visual stimulus by surrounding it with rapidly flashing items
Binocular rivalry – alteration between seeing the pattern in the left retina and the pattern in the right retina
© 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.
Psychology began in the late 1800s as the scientific study of the conscious mind. However, researchers soon abandoned the effort. The behaviorists argued convincingly that consciousness is an internal, private experience that researchers cannot observe or measure. At the time they were certainly right, as they had no method to measure brain activity or anything else that might correlate with a private experience. Therefore, psychologists redefined their field as the study of behavior.
Although the behaviorists were right at their time that research on consciousness was impossible, times have changed. Four advances have facilitated meaningful research:
An operational definition of consciousness
Limited, answerable questions
Modern methods to measure brain activity
Ways of controlling consciousness of a stimulus
A dictionary might define consciousness as the subjective experience of perceiving oneself and one’s surroundings. However, that definition relies on the phrase “subjective experience,” which is no better defined than consciousness itself. Researchers use this operational definition: If a cooperative person reports being conscious (aware) of one stimulus and not of another, then he or she was conscious of the first and not the second.
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2. Examples are given to illustrate each concept, such as comparing the brain to parts of a car, security cameras to naturalistic observation, and giving a dog a treat to positively reinforce behavior.
3. Various areas of the brain and psychological phenomena are defined and explained, along with diagrams and photos providing visual examples.
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1) The brain contains over 100 billion cells and is the headquarters that controls human behavior, though it does not always listen to our conscious thoughts.
2) The brain has evolved over time from more primitive, instinct-driven regions to areas that allow for thoughtful planning and reasoning. However, more instinctive desires have been around longer, making self-control challenging.
3) The brain is made up of four main lobes in each hemisphere - frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital - each with specialized functions like planning, processing sensory information, and vision.
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Positive thinking is not as beneficial as commonly believed and can have negative psychological effects. While positive thinking aims to create positive outcomes, it can diminish enjoyment of current activities and create unrealistic expectations. A study found that those focused on goals had less satisfaction in their workouts and felt the exercises required more effort. Additionally, positive thinking presents an illusion of control over external realities rather than acceptance of present circumstances. The popularity of positive thinking does not indicate it works according to scientific or spiritual laws, as there is no evidence it creates the outcomes intended. Exposing the flaws in positive thinking can provide practical benefits by replacing it with a more effective approach.
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This document discusses how people think irrationally and rely on emotions, metaphors and images rather than rational thought. It notes that approximately 95% of cognitive work occurs unconsciously through images, emotions and metaphors rather than conscious, rational thought. Market research often makes incorrect assumptions that people think rationally when in reality unconscious processes strongly influence decisions. The document advocates eliciting customers' unconscious metaphors to better understand them.
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This document provides an overview of the 12 lessons to be covered in the B6 module on the brain and mind. It focuses on learned behavior and conditioning. Key points covered include:
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Andrea Vale Period B
This document provides a summary of key concepts from chapters in a psychology textbook. It uses illustrations and analogies to explain each concept in 1-2 sentences. Some of the concepts summarized include classical conditioning, different types of intelligence tests, motivation theories like drive-reduction theory, and emotion theories like the James-Lange theory of emotion. Each section begins with a label indicating the chapter and concept being defined.
how human brain works presentation for the students which is more helpful for...
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10Consciousness© 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.
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Wound healing PPT
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
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There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
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Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
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core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
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The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
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significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
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'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
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centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
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"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
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Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
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Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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Critical Observation.pptx
- 2. 1.Definition (which I made) Looking at something with a heightened sense of vigilance
- 3. “ You see, but you do not observe.” 3 The skill of observation is critical to the field of forensic science. Observation is how you perceive your surroundings. Your brain affects your observations by filtering the information you take in from your environment. At times, how our brains perceive what goes on around us may not reflect reality.
- 4. ﱡﭐﭐﭧﭐﭨ ﲬ ﲭ ﲮ ﲯ ﲰ ﲱ ﲲ ﲳ ﲴ ﲵ ﲶ ﲷ ﲸ ﲹ ﲺ ﱠ 4 So when her husband saw that Joseph’s shirt was torn from the back, he said ˹to her˺, “This must be ˹an example˺ of the cunning of you ˹women˺! Indeed, your cunning is so shrewd! — Dr. Mustafa Khattab, the Clear Quran
- 5. 5
- 6. 6
- 7. Want big impact? Use big image. 7
- 9. 9
- 10. Active “I didn’t understand the last part, would you please repeat it for me” “I had a query” “I have a question regarding what you said…..” “I concur…..” Active Listening Passive Make notes of what you observe. Write down questions Ask your questions at the right time 10
- 12. ENHANCE OUR OBSERVATION SKILLS 12