Crises and Challenges in Myanmar's Current Political Situation
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The Crises and Challenges in Myanmar's Current Political Situation in 2017 being presented by Dr Yan Myo Thein, a independent political analyst in Yangon (Rangoon), Myanmar (Burma)
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CHAPTER 11Political Parties53ÍThe Decline .docx
CHAPTER 11
Political Parties
53
Í
/
"The Decline of Collective Res|>onsibility
in American Politics"
Morris P. Fiorina
For more than three decades, political scientists have studied the changing sta
tus of American political parties. Morris Fiorina suggests that political parties
provide many benefits for American democracy, in particular by clarifying pol
icy alternatives and letting citizens know whom to hold accountable when they
are dissatisfied with government performance. Writing in the early 1980s, he
sees decline in all the key areas of political-party activity: in the electorate, in
government, and in party organizations. He argues that the decline eliminates the
motivation for elected members of the parties to define broad policy objectives,
leading to diminished political participation and a rise in alienation. Policies are
aimed at serving the narrow interests of the various single-issue groups that domi
nate politics rather than the broad constituencies represented by parties. Without
strong political parties to provide electoral accountability, American politics has
suffered a "decline in collective responsibility" in Fiorina's view. In the effort to
reform the often-corrupt political parties of the late 1800s—commonly referred to as
"machines" led by “bosses"—Fiorina asks us to consider whether Americans
have overly weakened the best institutional device available to hold elected offi
cials accountable at the ballot box.
Though the Founding Fathers believed in the necessity of establishing a genuinely national government, they took great pains to design one
that could not lightly do things to its citizens; what government might do
for its citizens was to be limited to the functions of what we know now as
the "watchman state."
"The Decline of Collective Responsibility" 363
Given the historical record faced by the Founders, their emphasis on
constraining government is understandable. But we face a later historical
record, one that shows two hundred years of increasing demands for gov
ernment to act positively. Moreover, developments unforeseen by the
Founders increasingly raise the likelihood that the uncoordinated actions
of individuals and groups will inflict serious damage on the nation as a
whole. The by-products of the industrial and technological revolutions
impose physical risks not only on us, but on future generations as well.
Resource shortages and international cartels raise the spectre of economic
ruin. And the simple proliferation of special interests with their intense,
particularistic demands threatens to render us politically incapable of
taking actions that might either advance the state of society or prevent
foreseeable deteriorations in that state. None of this is to suggest that we
should forget about what government can do to us—the contemporary
concern with the proper scope and methods of government intervention
in the social and economic orders is long overdue. ...
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Crises and Challenges in Myanmar's Current Political Situation
- 1. 1 Dr Yan Myo Thein Political Commentator Crises and Challenges In Myanmar’s Current Political Situation
- 2. 2 Crises & Challenges in Current Politics Constitutional Crisis Civil Peace Crisis Civil – Military Relation Crisis Poverty Crisis Institutional Challenge Alliance Challenge Public Participation
- 3. 3 Constitutional Crisis Rigid Constitution Armed Forces – Holding Veto Call for Referendum Root – 2008 Referendum Non-Confrontational Approach Public Survey
- 4. 4 Civil Peace Crisis Top – Down Approach Bottom – Up Approach Informal / Formal Way 21 Century Panglong
- 5. 5 CMR Crisis Since 1962 Military Dominance - High National Defense & Security Council (NDSC) – Platform for facilitating CMR Return to Barrack & CMR
- 6. 6 Poverty Crisis National Policy on Poverty Alleviation & Economic Development Anti-Corruption Effective Implementation Evaluation Research & Survey
- 7. 7 Institutional Challenge 3 P; Politics, Politician and Political Party Continuous Capacity Building Political Finance Law Good Politicians & Good PP – Better Democratization Institutional Building
- 8. 8 Alliance Challenge Political Alliance – Vital Alliance among Ethnic Parties 2020 GE – More Seats in States – Strong Opposition Party to Party Alliance Better Than Merging of Parties Friend or Foe Strategy
- 9. 9 Public Participation Public Participation – Important Media, CSO - PP Political Debate/Talk Hearing down to grass-root Level Youth Parliament – Timor Leste
- 10. 10 Public Administration Military Role in Civil Administration – very high Adoption of Township/District Administration Law Immediate Enactment Drafting Basic Laws Responsibility – Government
- 11. 11 Thank You