Criminal Law
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This document provides an overview of criminal law concepts and various types of offenses. It discusses the elements required for a crime, including mental state and conduct. It categorizes offenses from minor infractions to misdemeanors to felonies. Various criminal acts are also outlined such as theft, assault, rape, homicide, drug and alcohol crimes. The document notes that law enforcement officers have discretion in enforcing laws and most law enforcement is done at the local level by city police and sheriffs rather than federal agencies.
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Criminal law defines criminal conduct and penalties. Substantive law defines crimes, procedural law governs the criminal process. Criminal law has evolved from ancient codes like the Code of Hammurabi. In the US, criminal law comes from constitutions, statutes, regulations, and court decisions at the federal, state, and local levels. A crime is a public wrong prohibited by law and prosecuted by the state. Standards of proof include beyond a reasonable doubt and preponderance of evidence. Mens rea and actus reus must be proven for a crime. Criminal law distinguishes between justifiable, excusable, and criminal homicide. Other crimes include assault, robbery, drug offenses, and property crimes.
Stop mass april 14 2015
This document summarizes the history and current state of mass incarceration in the United States. It notes that the prison population has increased over 1000% since the 1970s to over 2.5 million people today, disproportionately impacting Black and Latino communities. It traces the rise of mass incarceration back to the Nixon administration's War on Drugs and further expansion under Reagan. The document argues that mass incarceration, police brutality, and criminalization of communities of color constitute a "slow genocide" and calls for resistance through protests and actions like the April 14, 2015 day of action calling for "No Work! No School! No Business as Usual!" It provides context and links for further information.
Session 5 youth crime the media.2016
The document discusses how the media influences perceptions of youth crime through stereotypes and moral panics. It provides examples of how individual youth offenders were portrayed in sensationalized news headlines that distorted the realities of their situations. The document also examines how official crime statistics can be socially constructed depending on which details the media chooses to emphasize. Finally, it analyzes how moral panics over groups like punks and mods have historically contributed to more authoritarian approaches to controlling youth.
Similar to Criminal Law (12)
Ch 6. Understanding Our Criminal Justice System 3 Criminal Law.ppt.ppt
Ch 6. Understanding Our Criminal Justice System 3 Criminal Law.ppt.ppt
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Supply and Demand
Supply and demand have an inverse relationship, where if price is too high, surpluses occur and sellers drop prices with sales, but if price is too low, shortages happen with long lines. Price floors and ceilings, as with policies like rent control, minimum wage laws, and price controls in places like the Soviet Union and Venezuela, can ignore the rules of supply and demand, leading down a road to economic problems according to the document. The bottom line is that one cannot ignore basic supply and demand principles of economics without unintended consequences.
Introduction to Capitalism
This document provides an introduction to capitalism, including its history and key concepts. It discusses how earlier economic models like mercantilism and command economies were government-directed, while Adam Smith proposed letting individuals make their own financial decisions through a market economy. Smith argued this "invisible hand" of self-interest through banks, businesses, and markets meeting would increase a nation's wealth. Capitalism is then defined as the accumulation of wealth through capital, with banks taking capital and making it available to others through investment and interest rates, fueling long term economic growth.
Shutting Down the Federal Government
The document discusses the legislative process and divided government in the United States. It notes that the founding fathers designed a government with separation of powers between branches that would require negotiation and compromise. The legislative process produces bills, but consensus must be reached between Congress and the President for a bill to become law. This forces compromise through adversarial negotiations, which can result in government shutdowns if budgets are not passed. While not efficient, the system of federalism and divided government prevents tyranny through a system of checks and balances.
The Electoral College
The document discusses the Electoral College system for electing the U.S. President. It notes that citizens vote for electors from their state who then cast votes for President, with 270 electoral votes needed to win. The document raises the question of whether the system should be reformed by implementing a direct popular vote across all citizens instead of the current state-based Electoral College process.
Divided Government: Conflict and Consensus
The document discusses negotiations between branches of government in the United States. It notes that the legislative process produces legislation but divided government through separation of powers and adversarial political parties makes consensus difficult. Compromise is necessary but challenging to achieve in practice. When branches cannot agree on a budget, it can lead to a government shutdown. The system of federalism and divided government forces compromise through endless negotiations between leaders like the Speaker of the House and President.
Euthanasia and Dying
This document discusses euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide. It profiles Ramon Sanpedro, a Spanish man who became a quadriplegic at age 25 and fought for 29 years to legally end his life with assistance. It also profiles Jack Kevorkian, a doctor who performed over 130 physician-assisted suicides and was criticized by other doctors for not following guidelines. The document examines debates around autonomy at the end of life, medical responsibilities, and whether ending suffering constitutes murder or mercy.
My Approach to Gov and Econ Class
This document outlines the teacher's hopes and fears for teaching a 12th grade Government and Economics class. The teacher hopes to slow down discussions compared to AP US History and do more in-depth projects that are fun rather than pointless. However, the teacher fears having to act as a jailer to senior students who dislike school and may disrupt class with bathroom breaks, cell phones, etc.
Rise of the Robber Barons
This document discusses the rise of industry and robber barons in the late 19th century United States. It profiles several major industrial titans from this era, including Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, Cornelius Vanderbilt, and J.P. Morgan. These businessmen consolidated their industries and grew enormously wealthy, though their tactics like crushing competition were sometimes deemed unethical. Their successes revolutionized industry but also contributed to economic instability and a rising gap between rich and poor. Debates continued around balancing economic growth with democratic values and social justice.
Money and Happiness
This document discusses the difference between having enough money to live comfortably versus having excess wealth, and how having a meaningful vocation rather than just a job for money can lead to greater happiness. It presents opinions from Mr. Geib that encouraging people and ideas, rather than solely working for monetary gain, is important. A quote by Euripides is also included that divides citizens into three classes: the rich who want more, the poor who are envious, and the middle class who secure the state.
Banks and loans
This document discusses various topics related to banks, loans, and credit, including interest rates, credit scores, auto loans, payday loan services, credit cards, and the ethics of debt. It provides an example of an auto loan deal for someone with bad credit, noting the interest rate would be around 17.9% for a $16,000 car loan financed over 72 months. It also discusses the concept of "usury" and how views on lending money have changed historically.
Guns in America
The document discusses the history and debate around firearms in America. It references the Second Amendment and how gun ownership is rooted in the Revolutionary War. It explores gun culture and individual rights around self-defense versus calls for increased gun control to improve collective security. The document repeats the phrase "THE IRONY" several times throughout, seeming to suggest there are complexities and contradictions involved in the gun debate in America.
The Legislative Process
Congress has the power to pass legislation and fund budgets by approving or rejecting bills through the legislative process. This process involves bills being considered by subcommittees and committees before possible compromise and approval from congressional leadership. Successful bills must navigate this process which can involve negotiating with interest groups that form iron triangles around issues.
Introduction to Congress
The document provides an overview of the structure and responsibilities of the United States Congress. It notes that Congress is made up of two chambers, the House of Representatives and the Senate. The House has 435 members with two-year terms who must be at least 25 years old. The Senate has 100 members with six-year terms who must be at least 30 years old. Every ten years, congressional districts are redrawn based on population changes from the census, though this process can be politicized through gerrymandering. The House initiates spending and tax bills while the Senate confirms nominations and ratifies treaties. Certain requirements and limitations govern the legislative process and powers of Congress.
Roe v. Wade
Roe v. Wade was a 1973 Supreme Court decision that legalized abortion nationwide and established a woman's right to abortion under the 14th Amendment. Prior to this ruling, states had varying abortion laws and many women resorted to dangerous illegal "back alley abortions" with uneven access to medical services. Roe v. Wade determined that abortion is legal until viability at 24-28 weeks and superseded the patchwork of state laws. However, the decision divided public opinion and the country. Subsequent rulings like Planned Parenthood v. Casey in 1992 have upheld some state restrictions like waiting periods as long as they do not pose an "undue burden."
Abortion: Personhood
Mr. Richard Geib gave a presentation titled "PERSONHOOD" discussing at what point an unborn fetus qualifies for personhood and the rights associated with it. He notes there is a conflict between a woman's right to control her body and the state's interest in protecting life. The central question is when exactly in development from conception to birth does a fetus become a person. The presentation considers potential points such as 11 weeks and 6 days, 18 weeks and 6 days, 33 weeks, and seven minutes after birth, but concludes that determining when life and personhood begin is crucial but unclear, with various pregnancy terms and milestones to consider.
Abortion: The Complexities of Gray
This document discusses the complex issue of abortion and how most people fall somewhere in the middle rather than taking an extreme "pro-choice" or "pro-life" position. It notes that on complex issues there are often conflicting values and it is difficult to say if both sides can truly be "right." Most people feel ambivalence and recognize the complexity of the issue, taking a more moderate view in the middle rather than an absolute stance.
Abortion and Extremism
This document discusses the debate around abortion in America and the rise of extremism on both sides of the issue. It outlines the positions of radical feminists who see abortion as a woman's right to control her own body, as well as the forceful anti-abortion stance of the Catholic Church. More extreme anti-abortion groups have used violent tactics like bombings and assassinations, with one activist, Paul Hill, being sentenced to death for murdering an abortion provider and clinic escort. While the two sides have very different fundamental values, the practical effect has been fewer doctors training to provide abortions and fewer abortion clinics operating.
The Supreme and Judicial Interpretation
The document discusses the role and history of the Supreme Court of the United States. It notes that the Founding Fathers intentionally made judges semi-insulated from politics and that there are traditionally nine Supreme Court justices. It also discusses how Supreme Court rulings can change what is considered legal over time, through precedents like Brown v. Board of Education overturning Plessy v. Ferguson. The document examines debates around "judicial activism" versus "judicial restraint" and the pervasive influence of federal courts on areas like criminal law, civil liberties, and business law through cases such as Marbury v. Madison, McCullough v. Maryland, and United States v. Nixon.
To Be a Parent: It Is For the Committed
This document discusses different approaches to sex education in schools, including full sex education, abstinence-only education, and a middle ground approach. It notes that nearly half of women who have abortions did not use birth control, and over a quarter did not think they would get pregnant. Rates of teen pregnancy and STDs in the US are high compared to other developed countries. There is an ongoing debate around whether schools should distribute birth control and discuss relationships or take a more limited factual approach and leave broader discussions to parents.
Unwanted Pregnancy, Sex Education, and American Society
Nearly half of Americans aged 15-19 have had sex, with the majority first having sex around age 17. However, they do not usually marry until their mid-to-late 20s, leaving many years when teens and young adults are at risk of unwanted pregnancy and STIs. Premarital sex is far more common today than in 1900 due to factors like the sexual revolution of the 1960s-70s. Views on premarital sex have also become more accepting over time. The document discusses the debate around whether teens can be mature enough to handle sexual relationships and whether being sexually active means one should tell their parents.
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Presentation from Resolution Foundation event一比一原版(theauckland毕业证书)新西兰奥克兰大学毕业证成绩单如何办理
原版定制【微信:741003700】《(theauckland毕业证书)新西兰奥克兰大学毕业证学位证成绩单》【微信:741003700】成绩单 、雅思、外壳、留信学历认证永久存档查询，采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
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二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【Q微信741003700】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
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一比一原版(uoit毕业证书)加拿大安大略理工大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(uoit毕业证书)加拿大安大略理工大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
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如果您处于以下几种情况：
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◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(uoit毕业证书)加拿大安大略理工大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(uoit毕业证书)加拿大安大略理工大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(uoit毕业证书)加拿大安大略理工大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(uoit毕业证书)加拿大安大略理工大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
一比一原版(Adelaide毕业证)阿德莱德大学毕业证如何办理
原件一模一样【微信：95270640】【阿德莱德大学毕业证Adelaide学位证成绩单】【微信：95270640】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：95270640】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：95270640】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份【微信：95270640】
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
办理阿德莱德大学毕业证毕业证假文凭Adelaide学位证【微信：95270640 】外观非常精致，由特殊纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理阿德莱德大学毕业证Adelaide学位证毕业证假文凭【微信：95270640 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理阿德莱德大学毕业证毕业证假文凭Adelaide学位证【微信：95270640 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
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◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
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3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(uob学位证书)英国伯明翰大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(uob学位证书)英国伯明翰大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
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校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(uob学位证书)英国伯明翰大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(uob学位证书)英国伯明翰大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
Health Insurance Coverage for the U.S. Population, 2024 to 2034
Presentation by Jessica Hale, an analyst in CBO’s Budget Analysis Division, at a press briefing organized by "Health Affairs."
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一比一原版加拿大麦科文大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【加拿大麦科文大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理加拿大麦科文大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理加拿大麦科文大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理加拿大麦科文大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理加拿大麦科文大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
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Criminal Law
- 1. A DASH OF CRIMINAL LAW Mr. Geib and Mr. Fitz-Patrick 12th Grade Gov. and Econ. September 16, 2015
- 2. FOR A CRIME TO EXIST: • Being under the influence not an excuse… • Ignorance of the law not an excuse… • Elements of criminal law: – Mental state (Mens rea) – Conduct (Actus reus)
- 3. TYPES OF OFFENSES 1. Infraction (traffic) 2. Misdemeanor (one year maximum in country jail) 3. Felony (State prison term)
- 4. STEALING • Petty Theft • Grand Theft • “Burglary” – Any crime while illegally present • Trespassing • Embezzlement • Extortion • Receiving stolen goods “Shoplifting” is petty theft up to $1,000.00, then a felony.
- 5. FIGHTING, KIDNAPPING, ETC. • “Public disturbance” • “Assault” and “battery” – Private person’s arrest • Spousal abuse • Assault with a deadly weapon • Kidnapping and “annoyance” • “Mayhem”
- 6. RAPE AND SEXUAL ASSAULT • Molestation • Statutory rape • Exposure • Sexual assault • Sexual battery • Rape
- 7. ALCOHOL AND DRUGS • Drunk/impaired in public • Drunk/impaired driving • Special case of marijuana… • “Possession of a controlled substance”
- 8. HOMICIDE • Legal versus illegal “homicide” – “self- defense” • Involuntary versus voluntary “manslaughter” • 1st and 2nd degree murder
- 9. POLICE DISCRETION • Law enforcement officers have much discretion in terms of what they can let slide, what not…
- 10. FEDERAL vs. LOCAL LAW ENFORCEMENT • The vast majority of law enforcement is LOCAL • City police and deputy sheriffs • “State” cops • Federal law enforcement – INS, Border Patrol, ATF, DEA, and FBI.