A centralized, learner-centric architecture -- based on a strategically-driven technology roadmap -- encompasses the functions, processes, methodologies, systems and tools necessary to provide knowledge when and where needed.

1. Creating a Learning
Technology Roadmap:
Maximizing Efficiency While
Boosting Business Effectiveness
Part II
Consolidating your learning architecture — and adding cloud
computing where appropriate — can provide knowledge
where and when it is needed to increase business agility
and advance employee retention.
| FUTURE OF WORK
The Future of Learning (a three-part series)

2. 2 FUTURE OF WORK October 2013
Executive Summary
Effective learning development requires clearly defined
functions, processes, methodologies, systems and tools. Tra-ditionally,
many large global organizations have taken a frag-mented,
decentralized approach to managing the learning
development needs of their internal groups. For example, it is
not uncommon for these institutions to operate more than one
learning management system (LMS), learning portal, learning
content management system, assessment management system
and virtual learning environment.
This is no way for winning organizations to develop talent.
What is needed industry–wide is a clear vision and a strategy
for formulating a learning technology roadmap before imple-mentation.
At a minimum, such a strategy should incorporate
the following objectives.
• Alignment with organizational, business and talent goals.
• Extensibility to meet current and future learning needs.
• Near-term compliance requirements, with an eye on regula-tory
developments.
• A learning architecture that is not only intuitive but also
easy to use.
As we have learned in our engagements with clients in the
field, a consolidated learning architecture that takes into ac-count
an organization’s distinctive needs can help reduce costs
and increase agility. To the extent that organizations can insert
cloud sensibly into their learning architectures, the more flex-ible
and efficient they will be. This white paper is the second
in a three-part series that covers the future of learning.
(To learn more about m-learning, read our first installment,
“Mobile Learning: Driving Business Results by Empowering
Employees in the Moment”).

3. CREATING A LEARNING TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP: MAXIMIZING EFFICIENCY WHILE BOOSTING BUSINESS EFFECTIVENSS 3
To the extent that organizations can insert cloud sensibly into their learning architectures, the more flexible and efficient they will be.

4. 4 FUTURE OF WORK October 2013
Toward a Consolidated Learning Architecture
“How can we increase our business effectiveness by providing the right learning
intervention just when the learner needs it?” This is the key question facing
corporate learning and business leaders today. Social, mobile, analytics and cloud
(the so-called SMAC StackTM) technologies are enabling new learning models. While
there are still areas where classroom training is the best option, the focus now is
primarily on blending formal, social and self-motivated learning models.
These developments are shaping “future of learning” conversations in a diverse
array of segments, from the corporate world through higher education and
government, around such questions as:
• “What should the new corporate learning structures encompass?”
• “How should we transform our learning organization?”
• “How should our learning infrastructure evolve?”
• “What learning programs do we keep and what do we retire?”
• “Is mobile learning a candidate for my organization?”
Answering the questions above involves careful analysis of numerous consider-ations,
such as choice of learning technology, mobile enablement, learning analytics
for executive dashboards and multi-lingual content enablement.
As learning organizations strive to become more lean and agile, employee
engagement is becoming more complex due to an increase in the amount of infor-mation
employees need to perform their jobs. For instance, human resources (HR)
policies, employee engagement rules, code-of-business ethics and compliance
requirements have increased exponentially over the last decade, not to mention the
business-related knowledge today’s employees need to succeed. To address these
diverse organizational needs, internal learning organizations are joining forces with
their IT functions to deploy services such as technology-enabled learning. For the
learning organization, it all boils down to how these capabilities are developed,
communicated, categorized and tracked.
There is a dynamic shift in the way technology plays its role today. In the recent
past, learning organizations managed their activities around technologies such as
learning management systems (LMSs).1 Learners had to adapt their learning styles
to how the system deployed training. Compliments of the cloud, today’s learning
systems are now much more learner-centric (Figure 1). Depending on business
needs, the learning environment can be structured to include traditional learning,
e-learning, social learning, gamification, mobile learning (m-learning) and video-based
learning.
Learner-centric models call for clearly defined learning processes, methodologies,
systems and tools. Traditionally, many large global organizations have used decen-tralized
models to manage the learning and development needs of their internal
divisions and business units, as well as support partner education and geographi-cal
requirements. Most large organizations run on more than one LMS, along with
a variety of other platforms that can include multiple learning portals, learning
content management systems, assessment management systems and virtual
learning environments.

5. CREATING A LEARNING TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP: MAXIMIZING EFFICIENCY WHILE BOOSTING BUSINESS EFFECTIVENESS 5
Disjointed Learning Environments Take a Toll
A disconnected setup within a learning organization typically results in inconsistent
workforce development and skill enhancement. In this scenario, organizations often
encounter the following challenges:
• Lack of common standards and procedures.
• Lack of an organization-wide learning platform.
• Lack of an organization-wide learning support model.
• Duplicate systems, tools and efforts.
• Multiple learning systems that follow multiple protocols to search and access the
learning content.
• Non-standardized learning content scattered across learning systems.
• A complex infrastructure with multiple legacy learning systems integrated with
core systems such as HR and finance.
• Lack of consolidated metrics, reporting and analytics.
• High capital expenditures (CapEx) and operational expenditures (OpEx)
pertaining to learning systems and platform costs.
As depicted in Figure 2, a centralized learning architecture is one possible solution.
It provides the standardized learning needed to deliver efficiencies across the dis-tributed
enterprise, while allowing some autonomy for regions to make decisions
that are in sync with local employee and market requirements.
Becoming Learner-Centric
WIKIPEDIA
& BLOGS
PEER 1
PEER 2
SOCIAL
CONTENT
SOCIAL
COMMUNICATION
Trainer
LMS
MENTOR
Mobile
SOCIAL
MEDIA
LEARNER-CENTRIC
Expert
HUMAN
RESOURCES
BOOKS
E-LEARNING
IT
DATABASE
Classroom
Training
Figure 1

6. 6 FUTURE OF WORK October 2013
As decisions are considered for a centralized learning architecture, thorough
analysis and the creation of a “current-state-to-future state” roadmap are critical
to aligning learning technology, content and deployment strategies with business
needs. The learning architecture depicted in Figure 2 contains the full spectrum of
elements to consider when planning such an architecture. Most of these services
are now available for delivery via the cloud — whether public, private or hybrid.
The first element to consider is the deployment — whether on premises or on
demand — of learning systems, technologies, tools and applications, including the
LMS. It is important to consider user-accessibility issues, including the need for
single sign-on and a single gateway to all learning assets, as well as device-agnostic
access (from laptops and smartphones, to tablets and PCs).
Learning delivery mechanisms — virtual classrooms, Web-based training (WBT),
mobile learning (mLearning) or other formats — should be considered up front to
Figure 2
Embracing a Centralized Learning Systems Architecture
Knowledge Sharing
Gaining Knowledge
Learning Architecture
Firewall
LMS
LCMS
HRMS
Talent
Organization
External
Connects
Single
Sign-on
Centralized
Learning
Portal
Customers Partners
LMS/LCMS DB
Content/Doc Servers
Third Party Content
Video Content
Report
Engine
Reports
Database
HR & Talent
Database
Synchronization Layer
(Learner & Training Data)
Learning
Analytics
Authentication
Learning Applications
Social Knowledge
Employee
Data
Performance
Goals
Workforce
Planning
Recruiting
Compensation
Succession &
Resource Plan
Video Portal
Assessment
Engine
Wiki/Blogs Books
Policy/SOP
Project-based
Docs
Forums
Social Sites
(YouTube)
The first element to consider is the deployment —
whether on premises or on demand — of
learning systems, technologies, tools and
applications, including the LMS.

7. CREATING A LEARNING TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP: MAXIMIZING EFFICIENCY WHILE BOOSTING BUSINESS EFFECTIVENESS 7
enable tight integration among all learning systems and content-authoring tools.
Content management is the next variable to evaluate. Learning content-manage-ment
systems (LCMSs) should sit atop this technology stack and feed content to
the LMS.
Unified communications (UC) focuses on learning delivery mechanisms. If a
learning organization has new content available for its employees, it may want
to ensure that they receive the content (or schedule the training module) with a
presence-sensing tool such as Microsoft Lync.
Next up for consideration: the technology needed to support cloud-powered
social learning structures. Informal social learning structures are a primary way
for employees to receive knowledge. These structures might include discussion
forums, blogging and microblogging tools, and collaborative workspaces.
Key benefits of replacing disparate learning systems with a common learning archi-tecture
include:
• A one-stop solution for learning across the enterprise.
• Increased user adoption.
• A reduction in total cost of ownership (TCO) to enable effective use of the
training budget.
• Centralized, standardized learning management and training processes across
divisions and geographies for internal and external user bases. Centralized
training data across divisions.
• Compliance with all legal and regulatory requirements.
• Scalable support for the newly combined organizational needs and “future of
learning” plan.
• Provisions for tracking and reporting regulatory training requirements,
mitigating risks caused by using disparate systems, and enhancing the quality
and timeliness of training.
Based on our experience with clients, typical cost savings from system consolida-tion
ranges between 15% to 45% of organizations’ overall training budget over a
period of one to two years.
All of the above requires robust, tight integration with other corporate/organiza-tional
systems such as human resource management (HRMS), financial and vendor
management.
Creating Your Organization’s
Learning Architecture
As illustrated in Figure 2 (previous page), an organization’s learning architecture
has many elements. One critical aspect is the choice of a learning technology
vendor. Three large HR technology suppliers are currently competing to dominate
the on-demand, cloud-based part of the market: Taleo (now owned by Oracle),
Success Factors (now owned by SAP) and Workday (an emerging software as a
service (SaaS) provider led by PeopleSoft co-founder David Duffield). This trio is
just the tip of the iceberg. Large and mid-sized companies still use products from
numerous vendors, which requires continuous and costly maintenance — all the
more reason to go with a cloud option and avoid maintenance altogether.

8. 8 FUTURE OF WORK October 2013
Quick Take
Cognizant’s OneLearning framework has helped
our clients consolidate disparate learning systems.
Figure 3 below illustrates how a typical screen
appears to a user within the OneLearning framework.
OneLearning is a multi-device, multi-modal adaptive
learning environment that integrates all learning
platforms within an organization. It provides a
one-stop, single view for the user to access all of
the organization’s training materials and learning
systems, and is powered by business intelligence
that provides relevant information to the user based
on his or her job profile.
A multitude of learning systems can be integrated
with the OneLearning framework via a variety of
methods (including Web services, translators or
through the use of middleware, depending on the
maturity level of the systems installed). Systems that
can be integrated with OneLearning range from tradi-tional
LMS, Microsoft SharePoint portal, legacy ERP,
knowledge repositories, wikis, blogs, Twitter posts,
YouTube and so on. The OneLearning framework is
accessible through a multitude of devices.
We recently helped a large pharmaceutical company
strategize and roll out an enterprise-level LMS.
The LMS replaced a mix of legacy systems for the
company’s divisions, spread across 86 countries,
by migrating over six million learning records and
25,000-plus courses in a short turnaround time.
The combination of the legacy systems being decom-missioned,
along with the deployment of mobile and
social learning capabilities, resulted in the company
realizing about US$1.5 million in cost savings
annually. When all of the legacy learning systems
are decommissioned, the estimated cost savings are
expected to amount to approximately US$3 million
per year.
OneLearning’s Unified View
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Course Trial Type Status Due Date Action
Occupational Health (OHAS) eLearning enrolled 27/08/2012 Launch
Information Safety and Security (ISS) Classroom Training Scheduled 30/08/2012 View Details
Delivery Management eLearning enrolled 31/08/2012 View Destails
Occupational Health (OHSAS) eLearning enrolled 27/08/2012 Launch
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Occupational Health (OHAS) eLearning enrolled 27/08/2012 Launch
Information Safety and Security (ISS) Classroom Training Scheduled 30/08/2012 View Details
Delivery Management eLearning enrolled 31/08/2012 View Destails
Occupational Health (OHSAS) eLearning enrolled 27/08/2012 Launch
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Figure 3
Learning Consolidation in the Real World:
The OneLearning Framework

9. CREATING A LEARNING TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP: MAXIMIZING EFFICIENCY WHILE BOOSTING BUSINESS EFFECTIVENESS 9
Considerations for Cloud
Adoption of cloud-based learning technology is a hot topic among learning executives. Following are questions to consider during the evaluation stage:
•
How might our plan to move to the cloud be affected by the ongoing consolidation of learning systems that has been underway in the market during the past decade? How stable is the vendor/provider from a financial standpoint, and what length of commitment will we make?
•
Will the cloud-based solution be flexible enough to meet our changing business needs?
•
Will a cloud implementation allow for any required customizations?
•
How easily can the cloud-based learning applications be integrated with key internal systems and other cloud-based third-party applications?
By implementing a holistic, forward-looking and well-structured learning strategy that incorporates cloud where appropriate, our experience shows that an organization can look forward to the following benefits:
•
Increased learner motivation resulting in improved learner performance and retention of content.
•
Improved compliance with regulatory requirements pertaining to learning.
•
Optimal utilization of learning and development resources (people, systems and infrastructure).
•
Improved reusability of learning materials.
•
Reduced cost of training.
•
Better scalability of solutions to meet future demands.
•
Improved ability to generate meaningful learning analytics.
•
Continuous improvement through effective learning analytics.
•
Increased return on investment from the learning and development spend.
Quick Take
A higher education client was struggling with multiple LMSs; managing and supporting numerous software platforms was cumbersome and costly. There was much duplication of effort, since changes made in one LMS needed to be propagated throughout all the other systems. Managing changes and maintaining the different systems generated much unnecessary cost. The institution needed options for reducing costs and simplifying its learning infrastructure. Toward that end, our team implemented a single instance of the Drupal LMS, which is currently serving several academic disciplines with different- branded offerings.
The system addresses the learning needs of roughly 200,000 users and is being re-architected to support up to one million registered users. It receives more than 75 million page views per month during peak periods. Though it is too early to measure hard cost savings, the quality and convenience of the learner experience has increased significantly. The cloud- based system is available 24x7, with greater than 99.5% availability. Students can access the system via mobile devices as well as computers – a factor in the high rates of user adoption.
Learning Consolidation in Higher Ed

10. 10 FUTURE OF WORK October 2013
Footnotes
1 A learning management system (LMS) is a software application or Web-based
technology used to plan, implement and assess a specific learning process.
http://searchcio.techtarget.com/definition/learning-management-system.
2 Cognizant’s OneLearning solution also won the 2012 Brandon Hall Silver Award
under the Best Advance in the Unique Learning Technology category.
• Enhanced workforce capability-building to meet changing business demands.
Learning strategies are unique to an organization. It is therefore important for
yours to consider its industry status, budget, overall learning trends and strategic
direction as key for developing an appropriate enterprise learning architecture.
The development of this ecosystem must be driven by a comprehensive enterprise
initiative. Learning strategies should be iterative and designed to evolve over time.
The key is to ensure that the investment is not made obsolete by technology and
organizational changes. Your learning technology strategy should be business-driv-en
to allow for effective engagement of employees.
In conclusion, the following questions should be considered when planning a for-ward-
looking learning technology strategy:
1. What is the business driver for the enhancement of the learning technology infra-structure?
What are the current pain points at each stakeholder level?
2. Does our learning technology infrastructure meet the social, collaborative
and mobile learning needs of our organization, apart from traditional learning
methods such as eLearning, classroom sessions and so on?
3. Can we generate insightful learning analytics that not only help improve learning
effectiveness, but also the overall functioning of the learning and development
organization?
4. Can we move learning applications to the cloud to realize advantages such as
cost savings, platform stability and availability? What will be our ROI? What are
the risks associated with it?
5. How will our end users from various business units/regions/departments adapt to
the tools and technologies? What are the change management/communication
measures that should be considered?
6. What is our timeline and implementation roadmap to attain the “future of
learning” state for this organization?
Given that the learning architecture consolidation and/or migration to the cloud
are strategic and future-focused, this exercise needs to be carefully planned and
executed to derive the desired benefits. The final installment in our three-part
Future of Learning white paper series will focus on game-based learning.

11. About the Authors
Vidhyu Rao is the Practice Head of Cognizant’s Learning and Content Interactive
initiative. She is an experienced organizational learning and development executive,
with over 20 years of experience in the field of corporate learning. In her career,
she has built strong learning organizations, created strong learning technology
infrastructures, consulted with several client organizations in developing a learning
modernization roadmap, technology-specific learning and solutions, and developed
business-facing learning metrics and measures aligned with organizational goals.
She has lead teams that created solutions for many Cognizant learning trans-formation
engagements across industry verticals. Vidhyu was the creator of
Cognizant Academy in North America and Europe, where she built a fully functional
online learning organization that addresses the needs of approximately 50,000
associates in these geographies. Cognizant Academy was created to support all of
the technology, business and interpersonal skills needs of Cognizant associates.
She holds a BSc from Bangalore University and certificate in technology operations
management from Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. Vidhyu can be reached at
Vidhyu.Rao@cognizant.com.
Manikandan Subramaniam is the Practice Lead of Cognizant’s Learning Technology
and Administration Practice. He has over 14 years of experience in the field of
consulting, implementation, integration, rollout and support of various learning
technology platforms, and has led multiple award-winning Cognizant initiatives,
including the “Best in Learning Technology Implementations” gold award from
Brandon Hall. He also led the design and development of the award-winning
learning technology integration solution (OneLearning), which provides business
intelligence for a learning platform addressing the Future of Learning needs. Mani
has led major learning technology strategy and consolidation engagements for
global organizations in over 85 countries. He holds a B.Com from University of
Madras, India and is trained on leading learning platform solutions such as Cor-nerstoneOnDemand,
SuccessFactors, SumTotal, and Saba. Mani can be reached at
Manikandan.Subramaniam@cognizant.com | LinikedIn: http://in.linkedin.com/pub/
manikandan-subramaniam/14/822/476.
CREATING A LEARNING TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP: MAXIMIZING EFFICIENCY WHILE BOOSTING BUSINESS EFFECTIVENESS 11

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About Cognizant’s Center for the Future of Work
Cognizant’s Center for the Future of Work provides original research and analysis of work trends and dynamics, and collaborates with a wide range of business and technology thinkers and academics about what the future of work will look like as technology changes so many aspects of our working lives. Learn more by visiting
unevenlydistributed.com.
About Cognizant
Cognizant (NASDAQ: CTSH) is a leading provider of information technology, consulting, and business process outsourcing services, dedicated to helping the world’s leading companies build stronger businesses. Headquartered in Teaneck, New Jersey (U.S.), Cognizant combines a passion for client satisfaction, technology innovation, deep industry and business process expertise, and a global, collaborative workforce that embodies the future of work. With over 50 delivery centers worldwide and approximately 164,300 employees as of June 30, 2013, Cognizant is a member of the NASDAQ-100, the SP 500, the Forbes Global 2000, and the Fortune 500 and is ranked among the top performing and fastest growing companies in the world. Visit us online at www.cognizant.com
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