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1. Ekott George (2012): studied on SELF-HELP GROUPS. He analysed that As part of its
development promotion roles, and as the managing agent of the Agricultural Credit Guarantee
Scheme Fund (ACGSF), the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), sought to evolve a viable and
sustainable credit strategy with abuilt-in growth factor that would improve the level lending
under the scheme. This led to the introduction of the concept of “Self-Help Groups Linkage
Programme” by the Central Bank of Nigeria in 1991. Under the programme, group members are
expected to save on a regular basis an agreed sum of money with a partner bank of their choice
over a reasonable period of time. The partner bank on its parts, lends on a timely manner to the
group members in multiples of their savings. The group members are equally expected to
continue with their regular savings simultaneously with loan repayment so that they would be
qualified for higher loans from the bank. The advantage is that borrowers are able to overcome
their collateral problem, catalyze savings mobilization and promote group synergy.
Codd Helen (2011): studied on The Ties that Bind': Feminist Perspectives on Self-Help Groups
for Prisoners' Partners. He analysed that recent research has recognised the role of self-
help groups in helping women cope with the imprisonment of a male partner. However, little
research has explored the benefits of membership, beyond the pragmatic recognition that the
groups meet an unmet need for support and information. With reference to the findings of recent
qualitative research conducted by the author in the UK, this article integrates interdisciplinary
perspectives drawn from criminal justice research, family theory and gender studies to construct
a gendered theoretical framework for understanding the significance and value
of group membership, exploring gendered ideologies of caring and questioning the role of self-
help groups in empowering women.
Krishnan Lata (2010): studied on Empowerment of Underprivileged Women Through Self-
Help Groups. He analysed that Women are the most preponderant segment of the rural society
who have long been bypassed or overlooked in the process of empowerment. The decadal efforts
of bringing women into mainstream are gaining momentum with self-help approach.Self-
help groups (SHGs) focusing on microfinance is proving to be a promising and innovative
strategy of reaching the millennium development goal of empowering women. This being so, the

2. study analyzed the formation and functioning of SHGs and the impact on socioeconomic status
of underprivileged women. A pre-tested structured schedule was administered to collect the
primary data from 350 SHG members and 30 animators. The study revealed that women come
together as SHGs as they are able to get hassle-free and timely loans to meet emergence needs
with thrift. Team sprit is acting as a binding factor to bring unity and cohesiveness among
the group members. The SHG approach, apart from generating incremental income, helped them
to upgrade the economic and social status along with a sense of recognition contributing to the
process of empowerment.
Eliana La Ferrara (2009): studied on Self-Help Groups and Income Generation in the Informal
Settlements of Nairobi. He analysed that The aim of this paper is to understand the functioning
and the scope of self-help groups in the informal settlements of urban areas as a means of
generating income for poor households. The paper uses a unique dataset collected by the author
in 1999 surveying all individual group members from several informal settlements of Nairobi. It
studies the individual determinants of earnings within groups and relates group composition to
various indicators of group functioning. Sex, age and ethnic identity are among the most
important determinants of individual reliance on group income and of access to group loans.
Heterogeneity in earnings among members is shown to reduce their ability to borrow from the
group as a whole but not from each other. The impact of ethnic and other forms of heterogeneity
on the division of labor, choice of compensation schemes, sanctioning technology and
recruitment criteria is also described.
Dr. Kundu Amit (2008): studied on impact of sgsy scheme on self-help group members in west
bengal. He analysed that This paper shows that the government supported micro-credit
programme under joint liability in Swarna-Jayanti Gram Swarozgari Yojana Scheme in India is
able to reach to the ultra poor and vulnerable section of the rural population of West Bengal
where most of the participants are rural married women. The scheme is helping them to reduce
their acuteness of poverty but still fails to reduce their vulnerability. It is also helping the
participants to improve their empowerment. The group leaders do not take any undue advantage
from their respective groups to improve their economic conditions more quickly than other
fellow ordinary members.

3. Richard Muko (2007): studied on Self Help Groups of Kenya. He analysed that Grassroots
organizations are becoming important players of the third sector in developing countries. They
are increasingly contributing towards human development within communities. They exemplify
social welfare and empowerment structures amongst the poor. If harnessed well they could help
increase the poor people’s participation in income earning activities. The self help groups
(SHGs) exemplify a form of community organization amongst the grassroots in Kenya. They
have a twin objective one being to help in improving their member’s income earning abilities
and secondly addressing community based problems. SHGs are considered to be the biggest
group of the community service organizations and the most important grassroots actors in Kenya.
While their role has been positive, they are constrained in many ways. We hence propose to
study; their economic empowerment activities; their challenges and potential and; potential areas
of improvement to strengthen their economic impact amongst the poor. The data was collected
from the archival material of SHGs in Riruta. The researcher studied each file of the SHGs in
depth. He developed a standard tool to help in capturing variables deemed necessary for the
study. Standard statistical methods were then used in analysis. Some regressions were also used
to show the relationships between important variables. Qualitative data from sample of 10
randomly selected groups was used to explain latent dimensions not captured by the statistics.
Groups chosen included; those aged 5 and above, an average of 15 members, enterprise and
social mission.
Mohindra K.S. (2006): studied on A report on women Self Help Groups (SHGs) in India. He
analysed that a multi-disciplinary framework will be developed to address the mechanisms and
causal pathways for which SHG membership may lead to improved health and distribution of
health, based on the large body of work on the determinants of health, considering the
particularities of the Kerala context. The framework will integrate Amartya Sen’s theory of
capabilities, with communitarian, and feminist theories23 in order to address equity impacts of
SHG membership. Both quantitative and qualitative methods will be used in order to capture
both health achievements (e.g. standard quality of life indicators), and impacts on capabilities
(e.g. increased choices to achieve good health), while taking into account women’s needs and
values. It is hoped that by evaluating a poverty-alleviation intervention in terms of health and

4. social justice, the roles of and need for uniting poverty and health dimensions in development
will be illustrated in practice.